10+ Neo Rays Software Solutions Interview Questions and Answers

Check if a given singly linked list of integers is a palindrome.

• Use two pointers to find the middle of the linked list.

• Reverse the second half of the linked list.

• Compare the first half with the reversed second half to determine if it is a palindrome.

The task is to determine if a given string of parentheses is balanced or not.

• Iterate through the characters of the string and use a stack to keep track of opening parentheses.

• When encountering an opening parenthesis, push it onto the stack. When encountering a closing parenthesis, check if it matches the top of the stack.

• If the stack is empty at the end or there are unmatched parentheses, the string is not balanced.

• Example: For input '{}[]()', the stack will contain '{', '[',...read more

String Buffer is synchronized and thread-safe, while String Builder is not synchronized and faster.

• String Buffer is synchronized, making it thread-safe for use in multi-threaded environments.

• String Builder is not synchronized, resulting in faster performance but not thread-safe.

• String Builder is preferred for single-threaded operations, while String Buffer is preferred for multi-threaded operations.

Level order traversal of a binary tree in spiral form involves alternating between left and right while traversing each level.

• Start by pushing the root node into a queue.

• While the queue is not empty, pop a node, print its value, and push its children into the queue.

• For each level, alternate between popping nodes from the queue and printing their values from left to right or right to left.

• Continue this process until all nodes have been traversed.

Paging and segmentation are memory management techniques in operating systems.

• Paging divides physical memory into fixed-size blocks called pages, while segmentation divides logical memory into variable-size segments.

• Paging allows for efficient memory allocation and management, while segmentation provides protection and sharing of memory.

• Paging is simpler to implement but can lead to internal fragmentation, while segmentation is more complex but can prevent fragmentation.

• Examp...read more

ACID properties are a set of properties that guarantee the reliability of transactions in database management systems.

• ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

• Atomicity ensures that either all operations in a transaction are completed successfully or none of them are.

• Consistency ensures that the database remains in a consistent state before and after the transaction.

• Isolation ensures that the execution of multiple transactions concurrently does not in...read more

Mutex is used for exclusive access to a resource, while semaphore is used for controlling access to a resource by multiple threads.

• Mutex is binary and allows only one thread to access the resource at a time.

• Semaphore can have a count greater than one, allowing multiple threads to access the resource simultaneously.

• Mutex is typically used for protecting critical sections of code, while semaphore is used for synchronization between multiple threads.

• Example: Mutex can be used to...read more

Code to check if linked list is palindrome without using any other data structure and in a single traversal.

• Traverse the linked list using two pointers, one slow and one fast

• Reverse the first half of the linked list while traversing

• Compare the reversed first half with the second half of the linked list

Program for snake traversal of binary tree

• Use a stack to keep track of nodes to be visited

• Start with the root node and push it onto the stack

• While the stack is not empty, pop a node and print its value

• If the level is even, push the left child first and then the right child onto the stack

• If the level is odd, push the right child first and then the left child onto the stack

Smart pointers in C++ are objects that act like pointers but provide automatic memory management.

• Smart pointers help prevent memory leaks by automatically managing memory allocation and deallocation.

• Examples include unique_ptr, shared_ptr, and weak_ptr.

• unique_ptr is used for exclusive ownership, shared_ptr for shared ownership, and weak_ptr to prevent circular references.

Abstract classes in C++ are classes that cannot be instantiated and are designed to be base classes for other classes.

• Abstract classes may contain pure virtual functions, making them incomplete and unable to be instantiated.

• Derived classes must implement all pure virtual functions from the abstract class in order to be concrete classes.

• Abstract classes can have non-virtual functions and member variables like regular classes.

• Example: class Shape { virtual void draw() = 0; };

• Ex...read more

A virtual function is a function in a base class that is declared using the keyword 'virtual' and can be overridden by a function with the same signature in a derived class.

• Virtual functions allow for dynamic polymorphism in object-oriented programming.

• They are used to achieve runtime polymorphism by enabling late binding.

• Virtual functions are declared in a base class and can be overridden in derived classes.

• Example: virtual void display() = 0; // pure virtual function

• Example...read more