10+ Interview Questions and Answers

List of DSA questions including merge sort, tree mirror check, rotated sorted array search, linked list palindrome and loop detection and removal.

• Merge sort is a divide and conquer algorithm that sorts an array in O(nlogn) time complexity.

• To check if two trees are mirror, we need to compare their left and right subtrees recursively.

• To find an element in a rotated sorted array, we can use binary search algorithm.

• To check if a linked list is palindrome, we can use stack or recu...read more

Structure padding is the insertion of unused bytes between members of a structure to align the data in memory.

• Padding is added to ensure that each member of the structure is aligned to a memory address that is a multiple of its size.

• Padding can be compiler-dependent and can vary based on the target architecture.

• Padding can affect the size of the structure and the performance of the program.

• Example: struct MyStruct { char a; int b; char c; }; - padding will be added between a ...read more

map and unordered_map are associative containers while vector and list are sequence containers.

• map and unordered_map are used to store key-value pairs while vector and list are used to store sequences of elements.

• map and unordered_map provide faster search and insertion of elements while vector and list provide faster insertion and deletion of elements.

• map and unordered_map use red-black trees and hash tables respectively while vector and list use arrays and linked lists resp...read more

Fibonacci series is a sequence of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.

• Declare variables for first, second and next numbers

• Initialize first and second numbers as 0 and 1 respectively

• Loop through the desired number of terms and calculate the next number as the sum of the previous two

• Store the result in an array

• Return the array

HDD stands for Hard Disk Drive, a data storage device used in computers to store and retrieve digital information.

• HDDs use magnetic storage to store data on spinning disks called platters.

• They have read/write heads that move across the platters to access and modify data.

• HDDs are typically used for long-term storage of large amounts of data in desktops, laptops, servers, and other devices.

• Examples of HDD manufacturers include Seagate, Western Digital, and Toshiba.

Synchronizing thread blocks is important for efficient and correct execution of parallel programs.

• Thread blocks must be synchronized to avoid race conditions and ensure correct program output.

• Synchronization can be achieved using locks, semaphores, or barriers.

• Examples of synchronization include ensuring that shared resources are accessed by only one thread at a time, or that threads wait for each other before proceeding.

• Synchronization can also be used to optimize program pe...read more

Dynamic polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on multiple forms during runtime.

• It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they are of the same class.

• It is achieved through virtual functions and inheritance.

• Examples include function overriding and templates in C++.

C++ has four types of casts: static_cast, dynamic_cast, const_cast, and reinterpret_cast.

• static_cast is used for implicit conversions between related types

• dynamic_cast is used for runtime type checking and casting of polymorphic types

• const_cast is used to remove const or volatile qualifiers from a variable

• reinterpret_cast is used for low-level casting between unrelated types

• Examples: static_cast(3.14), dynamic_cast(basePtr), const_cast(str), reinterpret_cast(&ptr)

Functors are objects that can be treated as functions in C++. They are used for generic programming and can be passed as arguments.

• Functors are often used in algorithms that require a function object as a parameter.

• They can be used to implement callbacks and event handlers.

• Functors can be used to create custom comparators for sorting algorithms.

• They can also be used to implement function objects for mathematical operations.

• Examples of functors in C++ include std::function, st...read more