Tessolve Semiconductor Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical Interview round with questions on DSA, OS.

Q1. 
Reverse a Linked List Problem Statement
You are given a Singly Linked List of integers. Your task is to reverse the Linked List by changing the links between nodes.
Input:
The first line of input contai...read more
Ans. 
Reverse a given singly linked list by changing the links between nodes.
• Iterate through the linked list and reverse the links between nodes.

• Keep track of the previous, current, and next nodes while reversing the links.

• Update the head of the linked list to point to the last node after reversal.
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Q2. 
Factorial Calculation Problem Statement
Develop a program to compute the factorial of a given integer 'n'.
The factorial of a non-negative integer 'n', denoted as n!, is the product of all positive integ...read more
Ans. 
Program to compute factorial of a given integer 'n', with error handling for negative values.
• Create a function to calculate factorial using a loop or recursion

• Check if input is negative and return 'Error'

• Handle edge cases like 0 and 1 separately

• Use long data type to handle large factorials

• Example: For input 5, output should be 120
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Q3. What is the difference between a page and a frame in operating systems?
Ans. 
A page is a fixed-size block of memory managed by the operating system, while a frame is a fixed-size block of memory managed by the hardware.
• Pages are managed by the operating system, while frames are managed by the hardware.

• Pages are virtual memory blocks used by the operating system to manage memory, while frames are physical memory blocks used by the hardware.

• Pages are typically smaller in size compared to frames, ...read more
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Round duration - 45 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical Interview round with questions on OOPS, OS.

Q1. 
Level Order Traversal of Binary Tree
Given a binary tree of integers, return its level order traversal.
Input:
The first line contains an integer 'T' which represents the number of test cases. For each ...read more
Ans. 
Perform level order traversal on a binary tree and return the nodes in the order they are visited.
• Use a queue to keep track of nodes at each level while traversing the tree.

• Start with the root node, enqueue it, then dequeue and print its value, enqueue its children, and continue until the queue is empty.

• Repeat the process for each level of the tree until all nodes are visited.

• Example: For the input 1 2 3 4 -1 5 6 -1 7 ...read more
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Q2. What is the difference between a mutex and a semaphore?
Ans. 
Mutex is used for exclusive access to a resource, while semaphore is used for controlling access to a resource by multiple threads.
• Mutex is binary and allows only one thread to access the resource at a time.

• Semaphore can have a count greater than one, allowing multiple threads to access the resource simultaneously.

• Mutex is used for protecting critical sections of code, while semaphore is used for synchronization betwee...read more
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Q3. Can you explain the sizeof operator?
Ans. 
The sizeof operator in C/C++ is used to determine the size of a data type or variable in bytes.
• sizeof operator returns the size of a data type or variable in bytes.

• It can be used with any data type, including primitive types, user-defined types, and arrays.

• Example: sizeof(int) returns the size of an integer in bytes.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a technical round with questions on DSA, OS , OOPS and DBMS. He first asked me to introduce myself. He asked me are you comfortable with networks, I said no. So he moved on to DBMS. He said have you used any tables in DBMS. I mentioned him about my project so he asked me which tables I used there and what all attributes were there. He was asking questions from my project. He asked me that any other project I have done, besides websites.

Q1. What is the difference between definition and declaration in C++?
Ans. 
Declaration refers to introducing a variable or function to the compiler, while definition provides the actual implementation.
• Declaration tells the compiler about the type and name of a variable or function, without allocating memory or defining its implementation.

• Definition allocates memory for a variable or function, and provides the actual implementation.

• Example: int x; // Declaration, int x = 5; // Definition
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Q2. 
Sort an Array of 0's, 1's, and 2's Problem Statement
Given an integer array ARR of size 'N' containing only the values 0, 1, and 2, the task is to sort this array.
The goal is to achieve the sorting in a...read more
Ans. 
Sort an array of 0's, 1's, and 2's in a single pass.
• Use three pointers to keep track of 0's, 1's, and 2's positions while iterating through the array.

• Swap elements based on the current element's value and the pointers.

• Achieve sorting in a single pass by moving the pointers accordingly.
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Q3. 
Detect Cycle in a Linked List
Given a singly linked list of integers, determine whether it contains a cycle. A cycle exists if any node in the list can be traversed more than once, forming a loop.
Input:
...read more
Ans. 
Detect cycle in a singly linked list by using Floyd's Tortoise and Hare algorithm.
• Use two pointers, slow and fast, to traverse the linked list.

• If there is a cycle, the fast pointer will eventually meet the slow pointer.

• Time complexity: O(N), Space complexity: O(1).
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Q4. What are some real-life examples of non-deterministic automata?
Ans. 
Non-deterministic automata are theoretical models of computation where the next state is not uniquely determined by the current state and input.
• Examples include non-deterministic finite automata (NFA) and non-deterministic pushdown automata (NPDA).

• NFA can have multiple possible transitions for a given input symbol and state.

• NPDA can have multiple possible transitions based on the current state, input symbol, and stack
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

HR round with typical behavioral problems.

Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical Interview round with questions on Programming and OOPS.

Q1. 
String to Pascal Case Conversion
Given a string STR, the goal is to remove all spaces from the string and convert it to Pascal case. In Pascal case, there are no spaces between words, and each word begins...read more
Ans. 
Convert a string to Pascal case by removing spaces and capitalizing each word.
• Remove spaces from the input string

• Capitalize the first letter of each word

• Combine the words to form the Pascal case string
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Q2. 
Remove All Occurrences of a Character from a String
Given a string str and a character 'X', write a function to remove all occurrences of 'X' from the given string.
If the character 'X' doesn't exist in ...read more
Ans. 
Create a function to remove all occurrences of a given character from a string.
• Iterate through the string character by character and build a new string excluding the specified character.

• Use a StringBuilder or similar data structure for efficient string manipulation.

• Handle the case where the specified character does not exist in the input string.

• Return the updated string after removing all occurrences of the specified c
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Q3. What are the types of polymorphism in Object-Oriented Programming?
Ans. 
Types of polymorphism in OOP include compile-time polymorphism (method overloading) and runtime polymorphism (method overriding).
• Compile-time polymorphism is achieved through method overloading, where multiple methods have the same name but different parameters.

• Runtime polymorphism is achieved through method overriding, where a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its super...read more
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Q4. What is a virtual function?
Ans. 
A virtual function is a function in a base class that is declared using the keyword 'virtual' and can be overridden by a function in a derived class.
• Virtual functions allow for dynamic polymorphism in C++

• They are used in inheritance to achieve runtime polymorphism

• Example: virtual void display() = 0; // pure virtual function
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Q5. What is data abstraction?
Ans. 
Data abstraction is the process of hiding the implementation details of data and only showing the necessary information to the user.
• It allows users to interact with data without needing to know the underlying complexities.

• Helps in reducing complexity and improving code readability.

• Examples include classes in object-oriented programming where private data members are hidden from outside access.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical Interview round with questions on OS, Networking and OOPS.

Q1. What is paging in operating systems?
Ans. 
Paging in operating systems is a memory management scheme that allows the operating system to store and retrieve data from secondary storage when the physical memory (RAM) is full.
• Paging divides the physical memory into fixed-size blocks called pages.

• When a process is loaded into memory, it is divided into equal-sized blocks called pages as well.

• The operating system keeps track of the pages in memory using a page table...read more
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Q2. What is mutual exclusion?
Ans. 
Mutual exclusion is a concept in computer science where only one process can access a resource at a time.
• Prevents multiple processes from accessing a shared resource simultaneously

• Achieved through the use of locks, semaphores, or other synchronization mechanisms

• Ensures data consistency and prevents race conditions

• Example: Using a mutex to protect a critical section of code in a multi-threaded application
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Q3. Can you explain the different OSI layers?
Ans. 
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven distinct layers.
• Physical Layer: Deals with physical connections and transmission of raw data. Example: Ethernet cables.

• Data Link Layer: Manages data transfer between devices on the same network. Example: MAC addresses.

• Network Layer: Handles routing and forwarding o...read more
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Round duration - 45 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical round with questions on Programming and core Java concepts.

Q1. 
Linked List Cycle Detection
Determine if a given singly linked list of integers forms a cycle.
Explanation:
A cycle in a linked list occurs when a node's next reference points back to a previous node in...read more
Ans. 
Detect if a singly linked list forms a cycle by checking if a node's next reference points back to a previous node.
• Use two pointers, one moving at double the speed of the other, to detect a cycle in the linked list.

• If the fast pointer catches up to the slow pointer, there is a cycle.

• Keep track of visited nodes to detect a cycle efficiently.
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Q2. 
Delete Nth Node from End in a Linked List
Given a singly linked list with integer data and an integer K, write a function to remove the K^th node from the end of the linked list.
Example:
Input:
The lin...read more
Ans. 
Remove the Kth node from the end of a singly linked list.
• Use two pointers to find the Kth node from the end

• Adjust pointers to remove the Kth node

• Handle edge cases like deleting the head node or if K is out of bounds
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Q3. What are the types of access modifiers in Java?
Ans. 
There are four types of access modifiers in Java: public, private, protected, and default.
• Public: accessible from any other class.

• Private: accessible only within the same class.

• Protected: accessible within the same package and subclasses.

• Default: accessible only within the same package.
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Q4. How are Java objects stored in memory?
Ans. 
Java objects are stored in memory as references to memory locations where the actual object data is stored.
• Java objects are stored in the heap memory.

• Each object is allocated memory on the heap using the 'new' keyword.

• Object references are stored on the stack.

• Objects can be garbage collected when no longer referenced.
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Round duration - 45 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical round with questions on DSA mainly.

Q1. What are the time complexities for each sorting algorithm?
Ans. 
Time complexities for sorting algorithms vary from O(n^2) to O(n log n).
• Bubble Sort - O(n^2)

• Selection Sort - O(n^2)

• Insertion Sort - O(n^2)

• Merge Sort - O(n log n)

• Quick Sort - O(n log n)

• Heap Sort - O(n log n)
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Q2. 
Quick Sort Problem Statement
You are provided with an array of integers. The task is to sort the array in ascending order using the quick sort algorithm.
Quick sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm. It ...read more
Ans. 
To achieve NlogN complexity in the worst case, we can implement the randomized quick sort algorithm.
• Randomly select the pivot element to reduce the chances of worst-case scenarios.

• Implement a hybrid approach like Introsort which switches to heap sort when the recursion depth exceeds a certain limit.

• Use median-of-three partitioning to select a good pivot element.

• Optimize the algorithm by choosing the right partitioning ...read more
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Q3. 
Merge Sort Problem Statement
You are given a sequence of numbers, ARR. Your task is to return a sorted sequence of ARR in non-descending order using the Merge Sort algorithm.
Explanation:
The Merge Sort...read more
Ans. 
Implement Merge Sort algorithm to sort a sequence of numbers in non-descending order.
• Understand the Merge Sort algorithm which involves dividing the array into two halves, sorting each half, and then merging them back together.

• Recursively apply the Merge Sort algorithm until the base case of having single elements in the array is reached.

• Merge the sorted halves to produce the final sorted array in non-descending order.

• ...read more
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Q4. What are the differences between a serial port and a parallel port?
Ans. 
Serial port transmits data one bit at a time, while parallel port transmits multiple bits simultaneously.
• Serial port sends data sequentially, while parallel port sends data in parallel

• Serial port uses fewer wires compared to parallel port

• Examples of serial ports include RS-232, USB, and Ethernet ports, while examples of parallel ports include printer ports
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