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HAVING is used to filter groups while GROUP BY is used to group rows based on a column.
HAVING is used with GROUP BY to filter groups based on a condition
GROUP BY is used to group rows based on a column
HAVING is used after GROUP BY in a query
GROUP BY is used before HAVING in a query
Example: SELECT department, AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department HAVING AVG(salary) > 5000;
Triggers are database objects that automatically execute in response to certain events.
Triggers can be used to enforce business rules, audit data changes, and maintain referential integrity.
They can be defined to execute before or after an event, such as a row being inserted, updated, or deleted.
Triggers can also be nested, meaning one trigger can execute another trigger.
Examples of triggers include automatically ...
A mutating table or mutating trigger occurs when a trigger tries to update a table that is currently being modified.
Mutating table occurs when a trigger references the table that is being modified.
It can happen when a trigger is fired by an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement on the table.
This can lead to unpredictable results or errors, such as ORA-04091: table is mutating, trigger/function may not see it.
To avoi...
Cursors are used to retrieve and manipulate data from a database in PL/SQL.
Cursors are like pointers to a result set, allowing us to fetch and process rows one by one.
There are two types of cursors: implicit and explicit.
Implicit cursors are automatically created by Oracle when executing a SQL statement.
Explicit cursors are declared and used by the programmer.
Explicit cursors provide more control and flexibility c...
What people are saying about TCS
PL/SQL program to print numbers in descending order from 103 to 3
Use a loop to iterate from 103 to 3
Print each number in the loop
Decrement the loop counter by 3 in each iteration
Truncate removes all data, delete removes selected data.
Truncate is faster than delete as it doesn't log individual row deletions.
Truncate cannot be rolled back, delete can be.
Truncate resets identity columns, delete doesn't.
Truncate doesn't fire triggers, delete does.
Truncate is a DDL operation, delete is a DML operation.
Autonomous transaction is a separate transaction initiated by a parent transaction.
It allows a subtransaction to commit or rollback independently of the parent transaction.
It is useful for logging or auditing purposes.
It can be created using the PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION statement.
Example: A parent transaction updates a table, while an autonomous transaction logs the changes made.
Example: An autonomous transac...
To find if two tables have similar data, compare the records in both tables using a join or a subquery.
Use a join operation to compare the records in both tables based on a common column.
If the tables have a primary key, you can join them on that key to check for similar data.
Alternatively, you can use a subquery to compare the data in both tables and check for matching records.
Consider using the MINUS operator to...
Temp table is a table created temporarily in memory. Temp variable is a variable that holds temporary data.
Temp table is used to store data temporarily during a session
Temp variable is used to hold temporary data that is not needed after a certain point
Temp table and variable are created using the 'CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY' and 'DECLARE' statements respectively
Example: CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE temp_table (id N...
A procedure in PL/SQL is a named block of code that can be called and executed multiple times.
Syntax: CREATE [OR REPLACE] PROCEDURE procedure_name [(parameter1 [mode1] datatype1 [, parameter2 [mode2] datatype2]...)] IS
Difference between procedure and function: Procedures do not return a value, while functions return a value.
Procedures are used to perform an action, while functions are used to calculate and return ...
I appeared for an interview in Feb 2023.
Overview of PL/SQL concepts including triggers, views, indexes, and more.
Triggers are database procedures that automatically execute in response to certain events on a table or view.
Types of triggers: BEFORE, AFTER, INSTEAD OF; e.g., BEFORE INSERT trigger to validate data before insertion.
Views are virtual tables based on the result of a query; Materialized Views store the result physically for faster access.
Indexes im...
I seek new challenges and opportunities for growth that align with my career goals and aspirations in PL/SQL development.
Desire for professional growth: I'm looking for a role that offers more opportunities for learning and advancement.
Seeking new challenges: I want to tackle more complex projects that can enhance my skills and experience.
Cultural fit: I'm looking for a company culture that aligns more closely with my ...
I appeared for an interview in Oct 2022.
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Jun 2022. There was 1 interview round.
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Feb 2022. There were 3 interview rounds.
A mutating table or mutating trigger occurs when a trigger tries to update a table that is currently being modified.
Mutating table occurs when a trigger references the table that is being modified.
It can happen when a trigger is fired by an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement on the table.
This can lead to unpredictable results or errors, such as ORA-04091: table is mutating, trigger/function may not see it.
To avoid mut...
Cursors are used to retrieve and manipulate data from a database in PL/SQL.
Cursors are like pointers to a result set, allowing us to fetch and process rows one by one.
There are two types of cursors: implicit and explicit.
Implicit cursors are automatically created by Oracle when executing a SQL statement.
Explicit cursors are declared and used by the programmer.
Explicit cursors provide more control and flexibility compar...
A procedure in PL/SQL is a named block of code that can be called and executed multiple times.
Syntax: CREATE [OR REPLACE] PROCEDURE procedure_name [(parameter1 [mode1] datatype1 [, parameter2 [mode2] datatype2]...)] IS
Difference between procedure and function: Procedures do not return a value, while functions return a value.
Procedures are used to perform an action, while functions are used to calculate and return a val...
To find if two tables have similar data, compare the records in both tables using a join or a subquery.
Use a join operation to compare the records in both tables based on a common column.
If the tables have a primary key, you can join them on that key to check for similar data.
Alternatively, you can use a subquery to compare the data in both tables and check for matching records.
Consider using the MINUS operator to find...
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed before Jul 2021. There were 2 interview rounds.
Performance tuning is the process of optimizing the performance of a system or application.
Identifying and resolving performance bottlenecks
Optimizing database queries and indexes
Improving hardware and network configurations
Reducing resource usage and improving response time
Monitoring and analyzing system performance
Stored procedure is a precompiled program that is stored in a database and can be called by other programs.
Stored procedures are used to encapsulate business logic and improve performance.
PL/SQL is a procedural language used to write stored procedures in Oracle databases.
Stored procedures can accept input parameters and return output parameters or result sets.
They can also be used to enforce security and data integrity...
I applied via Referral and was interviewed before Jun 2023. There was 1 interview round.
Oracle pl sql developer
The duration of TCS Plsql Developer interview process can vary, but typically it takes about less than 2 weeks to complete.
based on 3 interview experiences
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