Synopsys Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Strcpy() is used to copy strings while Memcpy() is used to copy blocks of memory.

• Strcpy() only copies until it reaches a null character while Memcpy() copies a specified number of bytes.

• Strcpy() is safer to use for copying strings as it automatically adds a null character at the end.

• Memcpy() can be used for copying non-string data such as arrays or structs.

Print words from EOF to start of a huge file of strings.

• Read the file in reverse order

• Split the file into words

• Print the words in reverse order

Height and balance are important factors for a binary tree's performance and efficiency.

• Height of a binary tree is the maximum number of edges from the root node to a leaf node.

• A balanced binary tree has a height difference of at most 1 between its left and right subtrees.

• Balanced trees have faster search, insertion, and deletion operations compared to unbalanced trees.

• Examples of balanced binary trees include AVL tree

Size of a binary tree refers to the total number of nodes present in the tree.

• The size of a binary tree can be calculated recursively by adding the size of its left and right subtrees and adding 1 for the root node.

• The size of an empty binary tree is 0.

• For example, the size of the binary tree with root node 1, left subtree with root node 2 and right subtree with root node 3 is 3.

Both #define and typedef are used for defining aliases for data types in C/C++.

• Use #define to define constants or macros.

• Use typedef to define new data types.

• Syntax for #define: #define identifier value

• Syntax for typedef: typedef existing_type new_type_name;

• Example of #define: #define PI 3.14159

• Example of typedef: typedef int myInt;

main() vs int main() vs void main() and why return statement is necessary in main()

• main() is not a standard function signature and should be avoided

• int main() returns an integer value to the operating system indicating the status of the program

• void main() is not a standard function signature and should be avoided

• return statement in main() is necessary to indicate the status of the program to the operating system

Merging two sorted arrays using recursive approach with LinkedList.

• Create a LinkedList to store the merged array

• Compare the first elements of both arrays and add the smaller one to the LinkedList

• Recursively call the function with the remaining elements of the array

• If one array is empty, add the remaining elements of the other array to the LinkedList

Negative numbers are represented in memory using two's complement notation.

• Two's complement is a mathematical operation that allows negative numbers to be represented using the same binary format as positive numbers.

• The most significant bit (MSB) is used as a sign bit, with 0 indicating a positive number and 1 indicating a negative number.

• For example, the decimal number -5 would be represented in memory as 11111011 in ...read more

Integer overflow occurs when a value exceeds the maximum limit of its data type. It can lead to unexpected behavior and security vulnerabilities.

• Use data types with larger ranges to store large values

• Check for overflow conditions and handle them appropriately

• Avoid performing arithmetic operations that can result in overflow

• Use libraries or frameworks that have built-in protection against overflow

• Perform input validatio...read more

Finding Nth rank student from a student table with marks

• Sort the table in descending order of marks

• Retrieve the Nth row from the sorted table

• Handle ties by considering the next rank as N+1

• Use SQL query like SELECT * FROM student ORDER BY marks DESC LIMIT N-1, 1

Static variables can follow a pattern based on their declaration and scope.

• Static variables retain their value between function calls

• They are initialized only once, at the start of the program

• They have a default value of 0 if not initialized explicitly

• They can be declared within a function or outside it

• The scope of a static variable is limited to the block in which it is declared

To check if a string represented in a linked list is a palindrome, use two pointers to traverse the list and compare the values.

• Use two pointers to traverse the linked list, one moving at a normal pace and the other moving twice as fast.

• When the fast pointer reaches the end of the list, the slow pointer will be at the middle of the list.

• Reverse the second half of the list and compare it with the first half to check if