30+ Khilari Infrastructure Interview Questions and Answers

SCADA typically consists of a hierarchical architecture with multiple levels of control and monitoring.

• SCADA systems have a distributed architecture with multiple remote terminal units (RTUs) or programmable logic controllers (PLCs) connected to a central control system.

• The central control system is responsible for collecting data from the RTUs/PLCs and displaying it to the operator.

• SCADA systems may also include a supervisory computer, which provides a higher level of contro...read more

driver.navigate() loads a new web page while driver.get() loads a web page for the first time.

• driver.get() loads a web page for the first time

• driver.navigate() loads a new web page without closing the current one

• driver.navigate() can also go back and forward in the browser history

• driver.get() and driver.navigate() both accept a URL as a parameter

Non-SQL databases can be automated using programming languages and APIs.

• Use programming languages like Python, Java, or Ruby to automate non-SQL databases.

• Use APIs provided by the database vendor to automate database operations.

• Create scripts to automate repetitive tasks like data backups, data migration, and data synchronization.

• Use tools like Apache NiFi, Talend, or Pentaho to automate data integration and processing.

• Automate database monitoring and alerting using tools lik...read more

Grooming comes before sprint planning.

• Grooming is the process of refining the product backlog items and making them ready for sprint planning.

• Sprint planning is the process of selecting the backlog items for the upcoming sprint and creating a plan for their implementation.

• Grooming helps in identifying dependencies, clarifying requirements, and estimating the effort required for each backlog item.

• Sprint planning builds on the output of grooming and involves the entire team in ...read more

Username & password can be passed to the system through various methods such as environment variables, configuration files, or user input.

• Environment variables can be set and accessed through code

• Configuration files can be read and parsed to retrieve login credentials

• User input can be accepted through a GUI or command line interface

• Encryption and secure storage should be used to protect sensitive information

There are 23 hooks in the Cucumber Framework.

• Hooks are used to perform actions before or after scenarios or steps.

• There are 7 types of hooks in Cucumber: Before, After, BeforeStep, AfterStep, BeforeAll, AfterAll, and Around.

• Examples of hook usage include setting up test data, closing browser sessions, and logging test results.

Product life cycle refers to the stages a product goes through from introduction to decline. Product hierarchy is the arrangement of products into categories based on their attributes.

• Product life cycle includes introduction, growth, maturity, and decline stages

• Product hierarchy involves categorizing products based on their attributes such as size, color, and features

• Product hierarchy can also involve grouping products based on their relationship to each other, such as a prod...read more

The question covers various topics related to SAP Sales Engineer role, including ALV splitting, BAdIs, IDocs, control break statements, events in TMG, value and check tables, debugging smartforms, enhancement points, and IDoc reprocessing.

• ALV splitting involves breaking down a large ALV grid into smaller parts for better performance.

• BAdIs (Business Add-Ins) are enhancements to standard SAP applications that allow custom code to be inserted into predefined points in the progra...read more

IGBT is a power semiconductor device used in electronic devices. SMPS is a power supply unit that converts AC to DC.

• IGBT stands for Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor

• It is used in high power applications such as motor drives, inverters, and power supplies

• Static test involves measuring the resistance and voltage drop across the IGBT

• SMPS stands for Switched-Mode Power Supply

• It converts AC voltage to DC voltage using a switching regulator

• It is commonly used in electronic devices ...read more

Growing production with quality requires a focus on process improvement and employee training.

• Implementing lean manufacturing principles to streamline processes

• Investing in quality control equipment and technology

• Providing regular training and development opportunities for employees

• Encouraging a culture of continuous improvement and problem-solving

• Collaborating with suppliers to ensure quality materials and components

• Regularly reviewing and analyzing production data to identi...read more

SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. It is a system used for monitoring and controlling industrial processes.

• SCADA systems are used in various industries such as manufacturing, energy, water treatment, and transportation.

• They collect data from sensors and equipment in real-time, allowing operators to monitor processes and make decisions.

• SCADA systems can also control processes remotely, enabling automation and improving efficiency.

• Examples of SCADA softw...read more

PLC scanning time is the time taken by a PLC to complete one full scan cycle of reading inputs, executing logic, and updating outputs.

• PLC scanning time is typically measured in milliseconds.

• Factors affecting PLC scanning time include the complexity of the program, number of I/O points, and processor speed.

• Optimizing program logic and reducing unnecessary tasks can help improve PLC scanning time.

• For example, a PLC with a scanning time of 10ms means it takes 10 milliseconds to ...read more

PLC interlocking is a method used to prevent conflicting actions or conditions in a programmable logic controller system.

• PLC interlocking ensures that certain conditions must be met before a specific action can be taken.

• It helps prevent dangerous or undesirable situations by enforcing logical constraints.

• Examples include preventing two motors from running simultaneously or ensuring that a door must be closed before a machine can start.

• Interlocking can be achieved through soft...read more

MATLAB is a programming language used for numerical computation and data analysis.

• MATLAB is used in engineering for simulations and modeling

• It is used in finance for risk analysis and portfolio management

• It is used in research for data analysis and visualization

• MATLAB is used in medical imaging for image processing and analysis

In star delta connection, typically two contactors are used.

• In star delta connection, one contactor is used for star connection and another contactor is used for delta connection.

• The star contactor is typically rated for the current of one winding, while the delta contactor is rated for the full motor current.

• Using two contactors helps in reducing the starting current and torque in the motor.

• For example, a 3-phase motor with 6 terminals would require 2 contactors in a star de...read more

Flip-flop is a digital circuit that can store one bit of information. A server is a computer program or device that provides functionality to other programs or devices.

• Flip-flop is a basic building block of digital electronics

• It can be used to store a single bit of information

• There are different types of flip-flops such as D, JK, SR, and T flip-flops

• A server is a computer program or device that provides services to other programs or devices

• Examples of servers include web serv...read more

Two common PLC programming languages are ladder logic and structured text.

• Ladder Logic: graphical programming language resembling electrical relay logic diagrams

• Structured Text: text-based programming language similar to high-level programming languages like C or Pascal

HMI stands for Human Machine Interface, it is a device or software that allows users to interact with machines or systems.

• HMI allows users to monitor and control processes in real-time

• It provides a graphical interface for users to interact with machines

• HMI can display data, alarms, trends, and other information to operators

• Examples of HMI include touchscreens, push buttons, and software applications

I would identify bottlenecks, eliminate unnecessary steps, automate where possible, and continuously monitor and improve the process.

• Analyze the current process and identify areas of inefficiency

• Eliminate unnecessary steps or tasks

• Automate repetitive or time-consuming tasks

• Implement quality control measures to ensure consistency

• Continuously monitor and evaluate the process for further improvements

MOSFET is a type of transistor used in electronic circuits for switching and amplification.

• MOSFET stands for Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor.

• It has three terminals: gate, source, and drain.

• It operates by controlling the flow of current between the source and drain using an electric field created by the gate.

• MOSFETs are commonly used in power electronics, such as in voltage regulators and motor control circuits.

• They are also used in digital circuits, such as ...read more

I can code in multiple languages including Python, Java, SQL, and Scala.

• Python

• Java

• SQL

• Scala

Yes, it is feasible to locate across India as it provides a wide talent pool and diverse market opportunities.

• India has a large population, offering a vast talent pool of potential employees for the quality engineering role.

• Being located across India allows for easy access to different regions and markets, providing diverse opportunities for business growth.

• Establishing a presence across India can help in building strong relationships with local suppliers and customers.

• Having...read more

SOLID principle - Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)

• SRP states that a class should have only one reason to change

• It promotes separation of concerns and modular design

• Example: A class that handles user authentication should not also handle database operations

DCS and PLCs are industrial control systems used for automation and monitoring of processes.

• DCS (Distributed Control System) is used for large-scale industrial processes and can control multiple processes from a central location.

• PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) are used for smaller-scale processes and are programmed to perform specific tasks.

• DCS is more suitable for continuous processes, while PLCs are better for discrete processes.

• DCS can handle more complex control str...read more

Quality is crucial for ensuring customer satisfaction, meeting regulatory requirements, and maintaining a positive brand reputation.

• Quality ensures customer satisfaction by delivering products/services that meet or exceed expectations.

• Quality helps in meeting regulatory requirements and standards, ensuring compliance and avoiding penalties.

• Maintaining high quality builds trust and loyalty among customers, leading to repeat business and positive word-of-mouth.

• Quality reduces c...read more

Zener diodes are selected based on their breakdown voltage, power rating, and temperature coefficient.

• Determine the required breakdown voltage for the application

• Select a zener diode with a power rating greater than the maximum power dissipation

• Consider the temperature coefficient to ensure stable operation over a range of temperatures

• Choose a package type that is suitable for the application

• Verify the zener diode's characteristics using a datasheet

RFP stands for Request for Proposal and RFQ stands for Request for Quotation.

• RFP is a document that outlines the requirements and specifications of a project or service, and invites vendors to submit proposals to meet those requirements.

• RFQ is a document that requests vendors to provide a quotation for a specific product or service.

• RFP is more detailed and complex than RFQ.

• RFP is used for complex projects or services, while RFQ is used for simpler products or services.

• RFP is ...read more

Single line diagram for DOL is a simple representation of Direct-On-Line motor starter circuit.

• DOL starter consists of a contactor, overload relay, and start/stop push buttons.

• The single line diagram shows the connections between these components.

• The power supply is connected to the contactor, which is then connected to the motor.

• The overload relay is connected in series with the motor to protect it from overloading.

• Start and stop push buttons are connected to the contactor t...read more

Quality is the measure of excellence or superiority of a product or service.

• Quality is meeting or exceeding customer expectations.

• It involves consistency, reliability, and conformance to requirements.

• Quality can be measured through metrics like defect rates, customer satisfaction, and on-time delivery.

• Continuous improvement is essential for maintaining and enhancing quality.

• Examples of quality include a durable smartphone, a reliable car, or a delicious meal at a restaurant.

Project architecture refers to the overall design and structure of a project, including its components and how they interact.

• Project architecture involves defining the system's components and their relationships

• It includes decisions about hardware, software, and network infrastructure

• Architectural patterns like client-server, microservices, and event-driven can be used

• Good architecture should be scalable, maintainable, and secure

Star delta controlling is a method used to reduce the starting current of induction motors.

• Star delta controlling involves initially connecting the motor windings in a star configuration for starting, then switching to a delta configuration for running.

• It is commonly used for large induction motors to reduce the starting current and torque.

• The transition from star to delta configuration is typically controlled by a motor starter or a control circuit.

• This method helps in reduc...read more

Java program to write on

• Use FileWriter class to write to a file in Java

• Create a new FileWriter object and use its write() method to write to the file

• Remember to close the FileWriter object after writing is done