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Moore state model outputs depend only on the current state, while Mealy state model outputs depend on both current state and inputs.
Moore model: output is a function of current state only
Mealy model: output is a function of current state and inputs
Moore model has a separate output function, while Mealy model combines output and state transition functions
Example: vending machine can be modeled using Mealy model as outpu...
State diagram and clocked D-flipflop circuit for a 0110 sequence detector.
The state diagram will have four states: S0, S1, S2, and S3.
The circuit will have four D-flipflops, one for each state.
The output of the circuit will be high when the sequence 0110 is detected.
The clock signal will be used to synchronize the flipflops.
The state diagram and circuit can be designed using software like Quartus or Xilinx.
Parity is a method of error detection in digital communication. It involves adding an extra bit to a data stream to ensure even or odd number of 1s.
Parity is used to detect errors in data transmission.
It involves adding a parity bit to a data stream.
The parity bit is set to 1 or 0 depending on whether the number of 1s in the data stream is even or odd.
If an error occurs during transmission, the parity bit will be incor...
Designing a memory organization based on size and block units.
Determine the size of the memory and the size of each block unit
Choose a suitable memory organization scheme such as direct mapping, associative mapping, or set-associative mapping
Implement the chosen scheme and test for efficiency and accuracy
A random number generator circuit diagram can be created using a noise source and an amplifier.
Use a noise source such as a Zener diode or a reverse-biased transistor
Amplify the noise signal using an amplifier circuit
Use a comparator to convert the analog signal to a digital signal
Add a clock circuit to control the output frequency
A Schmitt trigger/inverter is a circuit that converts a noisy input signal into a clean digital output signal.
It has two threshold voltage levels: a high threshold and a low threshold
The output of the circuit changes state only when the input voltage crosses one of the threshold levels
It is commonly used in digital circuits to clean up noisy signals and to provide hysteresis
Examples include debouncing switches, signal
To optimize power usage/delay in AND gates, arrange inputs based on their capacitance and resistance.
Arrange inputs with lower capacitance and resistance closer to the gate
Inputs with higher capacitance and resistance should be placed farther away
Consider the layout of the circuit and the routing of the wires
Simulation tools can be used to determine optimal input arrangement
Answering a question on drawing CMOS circuit and W/L sizing for a given logic equation.
Understand the logic equation and its truth table
Use CMOS inverter and NAND gates to implement the logic
Size the transistors based on their role in the circuit
Check the circuit for correct functionality
Examples: AND gate, OR gate, XOR gate
A circuit for a set of logic equations using PLA
PLA stands for Programmable Logic Array
PLA is a type of digital circuit used to implement combinational logic circuits
The circuit consists of an AND array and an OR array
Inputs are fed into the AND array and the outputs are fed into the OR array
Example: A PLA circuit for a 2-input XOR gate would have 2 inputs, 2 AND gates, and 1 OR gate
An SRAM cell is a type of memory cell that stores a single bit of data using two cross-coupled inverters.
Consists of two inverters connected in a feedback loop
Has two stable states, representing 0 and 1
Uses two access transistors to read and write data
Commonly used in cache memory and microprocessors
Draw output waveforms for a logic circuit given delays for gates and wires.
Identify the logic gates and their delays
Determine the propagation delay for each wire
Use the delays to calculate the output waveform
Draw the waveform using a timing diagram
Min-Cut placement algorithm is used to place blocks on a given chip area.
Min-Cut algorithm partitions the chip into two parts and minimizes the cut between them
It is a graph-based algorithm that uses a flow network to represent the chip and its blocks
The algorithm iteratively partitions the network until all blocks are placed
Example: Placing logic gates on a microprocessor chip
Design a circuit to get an output of frequency f/3 from a clock waveform of frequency f.
Use a counter to divide the frequency by 3
Implement a flip-flop to toggle the output
Use logic gates to control the counter and flip-flop
My M.Tech. project was focused on developing a machine learning algorithm for predicting stock prices.
Used historical stock data to train the algorithm
Implemented various machine learning techniques such as regression and neural networks
Achieved an accuracy of 80% in predicting stock prices
Explored the impact of news articles on stock prices
Qualcomm is a multinational semiconductor and telecommunications equipment company.
Founded in 1985 in San Diego, California
Specializes in designing and manufacturing wireless telecommunications products and services
Known for their Snapdragon processors used in smartphones and other mobile devices
Also involved in developing 5G technology and Internet of Things (IoT) devices
Has partnerships with various companies includi
Yes, I have worked in groups on various projects.
I have worked in groups during my college projects.
I have also worked in groups in my previous job on a software development project.
In both cases, we had to collaborate and divide tasks among team members.
We had regular meetings to discuss progress and address any issues.
I found that working in a group allowed us to leverage each other's strengths and produce better res
Merge two sorted linked lists into a single sorted linked list
Create a new linked list to store the merged result
Iterate through both input linked lists and compare nodes to determine the order in which they should be merged
Update the next pointers of the nodes in the new linked list accordingly
Reverse words in a given string
Split the string into words using a space as delimiter
Reverse each word individually
Join the reversed words back together with a space in between
I am passionate about solving complex engineering problems and contributing to innovative projects.
I have always been fascinated by the intersection of technology and creativity
I thrive in fast-paced environments where I can apply my technical skills
I am excited about the opportunity to work with a talented team and make a real impact
Linux kernel is popular for its open-source nature, stability, security, and flexibility. Compiling it allows customization and optimization.
Linux kernel is widely used due to its open-source nature, allowing for customization and collaboration.
It is known for its stability, security, and flexibility, making it a preferred choice for many developers and organizations.
Compiling the Linux kernel involves configuring the ...
I applied via Campus Placement
Aptitude, Programming, Communication
Qualcomm interview questions for designations
Designed and implemented a new automated testing system for a complex software application
Identified key requirements for the testing system
Researched and selected appropriate testing tools and technologies
Developed custom scripts and test cases to automate the testing process
Collaborated with cross-functional teams to integrate the testing system into the development workflow
Get interview-ready with Top Qualcomm Interview Questions
malloc returns a pointer to a block of memory allocated from the heap.
malloc returns a void pointer (void*)
The returned pointer can be cast to the desired data type
If malloc fails to allocate memory, it returns NULL
RTOS stands for Real-Time Operating System. It is designed to handle time-sensitive tasks and provide deterministic behavior.
RTOS is optimized for real-time applications that require precise timing and responsiveness.
Unlike general-purpose operating systems, RTOS provides deterministic behavior, meaning tasks are guaranteed to be completed within a specific time frame.
RTOS typically uses priority-based scheduling algor...
malloc should be avoided due to potential memory leaks and security vulnerabilities.
malloc does not initialize memory, leading to potential bugs and crashes.
It does not provide any bounds checking, leading to buffer overflows.
Memory allocated with malloc must be explicitly freed with free() to avoid memory leaks.
Using malloc can be less efficient than using stack memory for small allocations.
Alternatives like calloc() ...
When a null pointer is dereferenced, it leads to a segmentation fault or access violation, causing the program to crash.
Dereferencing a null pointer means trying to access the memory location pointed by the null pointer.
This results in a segmentation fault or access violation, as the null pointer does not point to a valid memory address.
The operating system detects the illegal memory access and terminates the program t...
I was interviewed before Dec 2023.
Use len() function to count number of elements in an array in Python.
Use len() function with the array as argument to get the count of elements.
Example: array = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'] Count = len(array) # Output: 3
Merge two sorted arrays nums1 and nums2 into nums1 in-place.
Initialize pointers for nums1 and nums2 at the end of their elements
Compare elements pointed by the two pointers and place larger element at end of nums1
Repeat until all elements from nums2 have been merged into nums1
List is mutable, tuple is immutable in Python.
List can be modified after creation, tuple cannot.
List is defined using square brackets [], tuple using parentheses ().
List is used for collections of items that may change, tuple for fixed collections.
Example: list_example = [1, 2, 3], tuple_example = (4, 5, 6)
Psuedo code of binary search. and some OOPs concept.
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Apr 2024. There was 1 interview round.
Reverse a LinkedIn list
Difference between Structure vs union
I applied via campus placement at Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology (DA-IICT), Gandhinagar and was interviewed before Jul 2023. There were 2 interview rounds.
It was hackerrank coding + basic output questions
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Some of the top questions asked at the Qualcomm Engineer interview -
The duration of Qualcomm Engineer interview process can vary, but typically it takes about less than 2 weeks to complete.
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