Pitangent Analytics & Technology Solutions Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What are your salary expectations?
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Q2. Share details of your previous job.
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Q3. Why are you looking for a change?
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Q4. Tell me about yourself.
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Q1. What is php stands for?
Ans. 
PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor.
• PHP is a server-side scripting language used for web development.

• It can be embedded into HTML code.

• PHP code is executed on the server, generating HTML that is sent to the client's browser.

• PHP can interact with databases, create dynamic content, and handle forms.

• Popular websites like Facebook and Wikipedia use PHP.
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Q2. What is migration in Laravel?
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Migration in Laravel is a way to manage database schema changes.
• Migration allows developers to modify database schema using PHP code instead of SQL.

• It helps in version control of database schema.

• It provides a way to rollback changes made to the database schema.

• Laravel provides a command-line interface to create and manage migrations.

• Example: php artisan make:migration create_users_table --create=users
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Q3. What is seeder in Laravel?
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Seeder is a database seeding tool in Laravel.
• Seeder is used to populate the database with test data.

• It is used to insert data into database tables.

• Seeder classes are stored in the database/seeds directory.

• Seeder can be run using the 'php artisan db:seed' command.

• Seeder can also be used to generate fake data using Faker library.
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Q4. How can you connect database into a Laravel framework?
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Database connection in Laravel framework
• Configure database credentials in .env file

• Update database configuration in config/database.php

• Use Eloquent ORM to interact with database

• Run migrations to create database tables

• Use database queries to retrieve data
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Q5. What is artisan in Laravel?
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Artisan is the command-line interface included with Laravel.
• Artisan provides a set of helpful commands for developers.

• It can be used to generate boilerplate code, run database migrations, and more.

• Developers can also create their own custom Artisan commands.

• Artisan commands can be run using the 'php artisan' command in the terminal.
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Q6. What is Inheritance in php?
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Inheritance is a mechanism in PHP that allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.
• A child class can inherit properties and methods from a parent class

• The keyword 'extends' is used to inherit a class

• Inherited methods and properties can be overridden in the child class

• Inheritance promotes code reusability and saves time

• Example: class ChildClass extends ParentClass {}
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Q7. What is access modifier?
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Access modifier is a keyword that determines the visibility and accessibility of a class, method, or variable.
• Access modifiers are public, private, protected, and default.

• Public access modifier allows unrestricted access to the class, method, or variable.

• Private access modifier restricts access to the class, method, or variable within the same class.

• Protected access modifier allows access to the class, method, or varia...read more
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Q8. What is constructor in php?
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Constructor is a special method in PHP classes that is automatically called when an object is created.
• Constructors have the same name as the class

• They can accept parameters

• They are used to initialize object properties

• If no constructor is defined, a default one is used

• Constructors can be overloaded
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Q9. What is model in Laravel?
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Model in Laravel is a PHP class that interacts with a database table.
• Models are used to retrieve and store data in a database.

• They represent a table in the database and define its structure.

• Models can have relationships with other models.

• They can also have methods for performing common database operations.

• Laravel provides an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) to work with models.
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Q10. What is MVC stands for?
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MVC stands for Model-View-Controller, a software design pattern used for developing web applications.
• MVC separates an application into three interconnected components: Model, View, and Controller.

• Model represents the data and business logic of the application.

• View is responsible for rendering the user interface.

• Controller handles user input and updates the model and view accordingly.

• MVC promotes separation of concerns ...read more
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Q11. How MVC works for an application?
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MVC is a software design pattern that separates an application into three interconnected components: Model, View, and Controller.
• Model represents the data and business logic of the application

• View is responsible for displaying the data to the user

• Controller handles user input and updates the model and view accordingly

• MVC promotes separation of concerns and modularity

• Examples of MVC frameworks include Ruby on Rails, ASP...read more
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Q12. What is ORM in Laravel?
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ORM stands for Object-Relational Mapping. It is a technique used to map database tables to classes in Laravel.
• ORM simplifies database operations by allowing developers to interact with the database using object-oriented syntax.

• Laravel's ORM is called Eloquent and it provides a simple and elegant syntax for working with databases.

• Eloquent allows developers to define relationships between database tables using model clas...read more
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Q13. How many relationships in Laravel?
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Q14. What is many to many relationships? give an example.
Ans. 
Many to many relationships refer to a situation where multiple instances of one entity are related to multiple instances of another entity.
• It involves three tables: two entities and a junction table

• Example: A student can enroll in multiple courses and a course can have multiple students enrolled

• The junction table will have foreign keys from both entities
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Q15. How can I fetch 1st, 2nd, 3rd rank from student mark table?
Ans. 
To fetch 1st, 2nd, 3rd rank from student mark table, we need to sort the table in descending order and select the top 3 rows.
• Sort the student mark table in descending order based on the marks column.

• Select the top 3 rows from the sorted table.

• The first row will have the highest marks and hence the first rank, second row will have the second highest marks and hence the second rank, and so on.
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Q16. What is array and tell me the types with example?
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An array is a collection of similar data types stored in contiguous memory locations.
• Arrays can be of different types such as integer, float, character, etc.

• For example, int arr[5] is an array of 5 integers.

• Another example is char str[10] which is an array of 10 characters.

• Arrays can also be multidimensional, such as int arr[3][4] which is a 3x4 matrix of integers.
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Q17. What is service container?
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A service container is a tool that manages the creation and configuration of objects in a software application.
• It is used to manage dependencies between objects.

• It allows for easy swapping of implementations.

• It can be used to configure and manage application settings.

• Examples include Laravel's service container and Symfony's dependency injection container.
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Q18. What is service provider?
Ans. 
A service provider is a company or organization that provides a service to customers or clients.
• Service providers offer a range of services, such as internet, phone, or cable TV.

• They may also provide professional services, such as legal or accounting services.

• Service providers may be private companies or government agencies.

• Examples of service providers include Comcast, Verizon, and Deloitte.

• Service providers are often...read more
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Q19. What is namespace in laravel?
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Namespace is a way to organize code and avoid naming conflicts in Laravel.
• Namespaces are defined using the namespace keyword followed by the namespace name.

• In Laravel, namespaces are used to organize controllers, models, and other classes.

• For example, the namespace for a controller named UserController would be App\Http\Controllers.

• Namespaces can also be used to import classes from other namespaces using the use keywor...read more
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Q20. What is default view engine in Laravel?
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Blade is the default view engine in Laravel.
• Blade is a templating engine that allows you to write clean and concise templates.

• It provides features like template inheritance, sections, and layouts.

• You can also use other view engines like Twig or Smarty in Laravel.
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Q21. What is api in Laravel?
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API in Laravel is a set of routes and controllers that allow external applications to interact with the Laravel application.
• API stands for Application Programming Interface

• API in Laravel is used to expose certain functionalities of the application to external applications

• API routes are defined in the 'routes/api.php' file

• API controllers are stored in the 'app/Http/Controllers/Api' directory

• API responses are usually in ...read more
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Q22. How can we use api in Laravel?
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APIs can be used in Laravel by creating routes and controllers to handle requests and responses.
• Create a route in the routes/api.php file

• Define a controller method to handle the API request

• Use the appropriate HTTP verb (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) for the API endpoint

• Return a JSON response from the controller method

• Use Laravel's built-in API authentication middleware for secure APIs
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Q23. What is soft delete in database?
Ans. 
Soft delete is a technique to mark a record as deleted without actually deleting it from the database.
• Soft delete is used to retain data for future reference or audit purposes.

• It involves adding a column to the table to indicate the deleted status of a record.

• The deleted records can be filtered out using a WHERE clause in SQL queries.

• Soft delete can be undone by updating the deleted status of a record.

• Examples of soft ...read more
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Q24. What is Faker, Factory in Laravel?
Ans. 
Faker is a PHP library used to generate fake data. Factory is a Laravel feature that uses Faker to generate model instances.
• Faker is used to generate fake data for testing and seeding databases

• Factory is a Laravel feature that uses Faker to generate model instances

• Faker can generate various types of data such as names, addresses, phone numbers, and more

• Factory can be used to create multiple instances of a model with di...read more
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Q25. What is foreign key, unique key? difference between them.
Ans. 
Foreign key and unique key are both used to enforce data integrity in a database, but they serve different purposes.
• A foreign key is a field in a table that refers to the primary key of another table, establishing a relationship between the two tables.

• A unique key is a constraint that ensures that a column or set of columns in a table contains only unique values.

• A foreign key is used to enforce referential integrity, w...read more
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They give me a short project with 3 hours time to complete this.

Question -

Register, Login, go to dashboard, list of products (name, image), make 100 products using seeder, factory, faker, and also view products with comments and sub-comment functionality, use front-end validation.

Q1. What are your salary expectations?
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Q2. Rules and regulations for their company!
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Q3. Notice period and Bond sign discussion
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Q4. Then, from which date I can join?
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Q5. And another documentation and onboarding related documents submission.
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Q1. Basic php functions, array, MySQL related question ex- join
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Q1. Generally regarding job role and salary structure.
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