Pitangent Analytics & Technology Solutions Software Engineer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. What are your salary expectations?
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Q2. Share details of your previous job.
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Q3. Why are you looking for a change?
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Q4. Tell me about yourself.
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Q1. What is php stands for?
Ans. 
PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor.
• PHP is a server-side scripting language used for web development.

• It can be embedded into HTML code.

• PHP code is executed on the server, generating HTML that is sent to the client's browser.

• PHP can interact with databases, create dynamic content, and handle forms.

• Popular websites like Facebook and Wikipedia use PHP.
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Q2. What is migration in Laravel?
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Migration in Laravel is a way to manage database schema changes.
• Migration allows developers to modify database schema using PHP code instead of SQL.

• It helps in version control of database schema.

• It provides a way to rollback changes made to the database schema.

• Laravel provides a command-line interface to create and manage migrations.

• Example: php artisan make:migration create_users_table --create=users
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Q3. What is seeder in Laravel?
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Seeder is a database seeding tool in Laravel.
• Seeder is used to populate the database with test data.

• It is used to insert data into database tables.

• Seeder classes are stored in the database/seeds directory.

• Seeder can be run using the 'php artisan db:seed' command.

• Seeder can also be used to generate fake data using Faker library.
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Q4. How can you connect database into a Laravel framework?
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Database connection in Laravel framework
• Configure database credentials in .env file

• Update database configuration in config/database.php

• Use Eloquent ORM to interact with database

• Run migrations to create database tables

• Use database queries to retrieve data
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Q5. What is artisan in Laravel?
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Artisan is the command-line interface included with Laravel.
• Artisan provides a set of helpful commands for developers.

• It can be used to generate boilerplate code, run database migrations, and more.

• Developers can also create their own custom Artisan commands.

• Artisan commands can be run using the 'php artisan' command in the terminal.
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Q6. What is Inheritance in php?
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Inheritance is a mechanism in PHP that allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.
• A child class can inherit properties and methods from a parent class

• The keyword 'extends' is used to inherit a class

• Inherited methods and properties can be overridden in the child class

• Inheritance promotes code reusability and saves time

• Example: class ChildClass extends ParentClass {}
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Q7. What is access modifier?
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Access modifier is a keyword that determines the visibility and accessibility of a class, method, or variable.
• Access modifiers are public, private, protected, and default.

• Public access modifier allows unrestricted access to the class, method, or variable.

• Private access modifier restricts access to the class, method, or variable within the same class.

• Protected access modifier allows access to the class, method, or varia...read more
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Q8. What is constructor in php?
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Constructor is a special method in PHP classes that is automatically called when an object is created.
• Constructors have the same name as the class

• They can accept parameters

• They are used to initialize object properties

• If no constructor is defined, a default one is used

• Constructors can be overloaded
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Q9. What is model in Laravel?
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Model in Laravel is a PHP class that interacts with a database table.
• Models are used to retrieve and store data in a database.

• They represent a table in the database and define its structure.

• Models can have relationships with other models.

• They can also have methods for performing common database operations.

• Laravel provides an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) to work with models.
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Q10. What is MVC stands for?
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MVC stands for Model-View-Controller, a software design pattern used for developing web applications.
• MVC separates an application into three interconnected components: Model, View, and Controller.

• Model represents the data and business logic of the application.

• View is responsible for rendering the user interface.

• Controller handles user input and updates the model and view accordingly.

• MVC promotes separation of concerns ...read more
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Q11. How MVC works for an application?
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MVC is a software design pattern that separates an application into three interconnected components: Model, View, and Controller.
• Model represents the data and business logic of the application

• View is responsible for displaying the data to the user

• Controller handles user input and updates the model and view accordingly

• MVC promotes separation of concerns and modularity

• Examples of MVC frameworks include Ruby on Rails, ASP
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Q12. What is ORM in Laravel?
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ORM stands for Object-Relational Mapping. It is a technique used to map database tables to classes in Laravel.
• ORM simplifies database operations by allowing developers to interact with the database using object-oriented syntax.

• Laravel's ORM is called Eloquent and it provides a simple and elegant syntax for working with databases.

• Eloquent allows developers to define relationships between database tables using model clas...read more
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Q13. How many relationships in Laravel?
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Q14. What is many to many relationships? give an example.
Ans. 
Many to many relationships refer to a situation where multiple instances of one entity are related to multiple instances of another entity.
• It involves three tables: two entities and a junction table

• Example: A student can enroll in multiple courses and a course can have multiple students enrolled

• The junction table will have foreign keys from both entities
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Q15. How can I fetch 1st, 2nd, 3rd rank from student mark table?
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To fetch 1st, 2nd, 3rd rank from student mark table, we need to sort the table in descending order and select the top 3 rows.
• Sort the student mark table in descending order based on the marks column.

• Select the top 3 rows from the sorted table.

• The first row will have the highest marks and hence the first rank, second row will have the second highest marks and hence the second rank, and so on.
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Q16. What is array and tell me the types with example?
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An array is a collection of similar data types stored in contiguous memory locations.
• Arrays can be of different types such as integer, float, character, etc.

• For example, int arr[5] is an array of 5 integers.

• Another example is char str[10] which is an array of 10 characters.

• Arrays can also be multidimensional, such as int arr[3][4] which is a 3x4 matrix of integers.
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Q17. What is service container?
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A service container is a tool that manages the creation and configuration of objects in a software application.
• It is used to manage dependencies between objects.

• It allows for easy swapping of implementations.

• It can be used to configure and manage application settings.

• Examples include Laravel's service container and Symfony's dependency injection container.
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Q18. What is service provider?
Ans. 
A service provider is a company or organization that provides a service to customers or clients.
• Service providers offer a range of services, such as internet, phone, or cable TV.

• They may also provide professional services, such as legal or accounting services.

• Service providers may be private companies or government agencies.

• Examples of service providers include Comcast, Verizon, and Deloitte.

• Service providers are often...read more
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Q19. What is namespace in laravel?
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Namespace is a way to organize code and avoid naming conflicts in Laravel.
• Namespaces are defined using the namespace keyword followed by the namespace name.

• In Laravel, namespaces are used to organize controllers, models, and other classes.

• For example, the namespace for a controller named UserController would be App\Http\Controllers.

• Namespaces can also be used to import classes from other namespaces using the use keywor
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Q20. What is default view engine in Laravel?
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Blade is the default view engine in Laravel.
• Blade is a templating engine that allows you to write clean and concise templates.

• It provides features like template inheritance, sections, and layouts.

• You can also use other view engines like Twig or Smarty in Laravel.
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Q21. What is api in Laravel?
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API in Laravel is a set of routes and controllers that allow external applications to interact with the Laravel application.
• API stands for Application Programming Interface

• API in Laravel is used to expose certain functionalities of the application to external applications

• API routes are defined in the 'routes/api.php' file

• API controllers are stored in the 'app/Http/Controllers/Api' directory

• API responses are usually in
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Q22. How can we use api in Laravel?
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APIs can be used in Laravel by creating routes and controllers to handle requests and responses.
• Create a route in the routes/api.php file

• Define a controller method to handle the API request

• Use the appropriate HTTP verb (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) for the API endpoint

• Return a JSON response from the controller method

• Use Laravel's built-in API authentication middleware for secure APIs
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Q23. What is soft delete in database?
Ans. 
Soft delete is a technique to mark a record as deleted without actually deleting it from the database.
• Soft delete is used to retain data for future reference or audit purposes.

• It involves adding a column to the table to indicate the deleted status of a record.

• The deleted records can be filtered out using a WHERE clause in SQL queries.

• Soft delete can be undone by updating the deleted status of a record.

• Examples of soft ...read more
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Q24. What is Faker, Factory in Laravel?
Ans. 
Faker is a PHP library used to generate fake data. Factory is a Laravel feature that uses Faker to generate model instances.
• Faker is used to generate fake data for testing and seeding databases

• Factory is a Laravel feature that uses Faker to generate model instances

• Faker can generate various types of data such as names, addresses, phone numbers, and more

• Factory can be used to create multiple instances of a model with di
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Q25. What is foreign key, unique key? difference between them.
Ans. 
Foreign key and unique key are both used to enforce data integrity in a database, but they serve different purposes.
• A foreign key is a field in a table that refers to the primary key of another table, establishing a relationship between the two tables.

• A unique key is a constraint that ensures that a column or set of columns in a table contains only unique values.

• A foreign key is used to enforce referential integrity, w...read more
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They give me a short project with 3 hours time to complete this.

Question -

Register, Login, go to dashboard, list of products (name, image), make 100 products using seeder, factory, faker, and also view products with comments and sub-comment functionality, use front-end validation.

Q1. What are your salary expectations?
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Q2. Rules and regulations for their company!
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Q3. Notice period and Bond sign discussion
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Q4. Then, from which date I can join?
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Q5. And another documentation and onboarding related documents submission.
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Q1. Basic php functions, array, MySQL related question ex- join
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Q1. Generally regarding job role and salary structure.
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