70+ Nvidia Interview Questions and Answers

The task is to find the actual order of people in a queue based on their heights and the number of taller people in front of them.

• Iterate through the given arrays and create a list of tuples containing the height and number of taller people for each person.

• Sort the list of tuples in descending order of height and ascending order of the number of taller people.

• Create an empty result list and insert each tuple into the result list at the index specified by the number of taller ...read more

Given a string and a list of words, determine if each word in the list is present in the string and return a boolean array indicating their presence.

• Iterate through each word in the word list and check if it is present in the string.

• Use a boolean array to store the presence of each word in the string.

• Remember that the presence of a word is case sensitive.

• Do not use built-in string-matching methods.

• Return the boolean array without printing it.

Swap two numbers without using a temporary variable.

• Use bitwise XOR operation to swap the values of X and Y without using a temporary variable.

• The XOR operation works by flipping the bits of the numbers.

• After swapping, X = X XOR Y and Y = X XOR Y.

• Finally, X = X XOR Y to get the original value of Y in X.

Unique key is a column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table. Common SELECT clauses include WHERE, ORDER BY, and GROUP BY.

• A unique key is used to ensure data integrity and prevent duplicate rows.

• SELECT WHERE clause is used to filter data based on a condition.

• SELECT ORDER BY clause is used to sort data in ascending or descending order.

• SELECT GROUP BY clause is used to group data based on a column or set of columns.

Count the number of ways to express a positive integer as the sum of two or more consecutive natural numbers.

• Iterate through possible consecutive sequences starting from 1 up to N/2

• Check if the sum of the sequence equals N

• Count the valid sequences and return the total count

The task is to find if a given value is present in a Binary Search Tree (BST).

• Start from the root node and compare the value with the target value.

• If the value matches, return true.

• If the target value is less than the current node value, move to the left child.

• If the target value is greater than the current node value, move to the right child.

• Repeat the process until a match is found or a leaf node is reached.

• If a leaf node is reached and no match is found, return false.

The feature of the operating system being used here is multitasking.

• Allows multiple applications to run simultaneously

• Switches between tasks quickly

• Ensures efficient utilization of system resources

Answers to questions related to Process Executive role including AI, database, GPU, CPU, and IP address.

• Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans.

• Database is a structured collection of data that can be accessed, managed, and updated easily.

• GPU stands for Graphics Processing Unit, which is a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creati...read more

Coverage loss can occur due to test pattern compression, test pattern generation, and test application issues.

• Test pattern compression can cause loss of coverage due to the reduction in the number of test patterns.

• Test pattern generation can result in coverage loss if the generated patterns do not cover all the faults.

• Test application issues such as timing violations or signal integrity problems can also lead to coverage loss.

• Coverage loss can also occur due to design changes...read more

When receiving bad reviews about a game, I will analyze the feedback, identify areas of improvement, and take appropriate actions to address the issues.

• Read and understand the reviews thoroughly

• Identify common patterns or recurring issues mentioned in the reviews

• Consider the validity and credibility of the feedback

• Analyze the game objectively to identify areas that need improvement

• Prioritize the issues based on their impact on gameplay or user experience

• Communicate with the d...read more

Labelling and annotations are used to provide additional information and context to data or objects.

• Labelling involves assigning a name or tag to a data point or object.

• Annotations provide additional information or context to a data point or object.

• Labelling and annotations are commonly used in data visualization and machine learning.

• Examples of labelling and annotations include labeling data points on a scatter plot, annotating an image with object detection results, and lab...read more

Yes, hold time/setup violation can occur at stuckat capture.

• Stuck-at faults can cause hold time violations if the data is not held long enough for the capture register to sample it.

• Similarly, setup violations can occur if the data is not stable before the capture register samples it.

• These violations can be avoided by proper timing constraints and clocking strategies.

• For example, adding a delay to the clock signal can ensure that the data is stable before the capture register ...read more

Polymorphism is the ability of a function to behave differently based on the object it is called with. Virtual functions allow dynamic binding.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• Virtual functions are functions in a base class that are overridden in derived classes.

• To implement a compiler, you would need to handle polymorphism and virtual functions for proper function resolution.

A function template is a generic function that can work with any data type. When a template is executed, the compiler generates a specific function for each data type used.

• Function template allows writing a single function that can work with different data types.

• When a template is executed, the compiler generates a specific function for each data type used.

• Templates are a powerful feature in C++ that enable generic programming.

• Example: template <typename T> void print(T value...read more

Memory allocation in struct is not continuous because of alignment requirements and padding for efficient memory access.

• Struct variables may contain different data types with different memory alignment requirements

• Padding is added to ensure each variable is aligned properly for efficient memory access

• Example: struct with int, char, and double variables may have padding between them for alignment

The minimum size of buffer depends on burst rate, input/output stream rates, and latency rate.

• Calculate the maximum amount of data that can be received during the latency period

• Determine the maximum burst rate and the maximum input/output stream rates

• Calculate the buffer size using the formula: buffer size = (maximum burst rate * latency period) + maximum input/output stream rates

• Consider adding extra buffer space for safety margin

Implement a custom malloc function to allocate memory of 16 bytes with starting address divisible by 16.

• Allocate memory using malloc function

• Adjust the starting address to be divisible by 16

• Return the adjusted memory address

To determine maximum frequency of operation from a complex diagram

• Identify the critical path in the diagram

• Calculate the propagation delay of each component in the path

• Use the formula fmax = 1 / (2 * propagation delay) to determine maximum frequency

• Consider any setup or hold time requirements for flip-flops or other components

• Ensure that the frequency is within the specifications of the components used

Design test cases for a deseal car engine

• Test for engine starting and stopping

• Test for oil pressure and temperature

• Test for fuel efficiency

• Test for exhaust emissions

• Test for engine noise and vibration

Little Endian and Big Endian refer to the order in which bytes are stored in computer memory.

• Little Endian stores the least significant byte first, while Big Endian stores the most significant byte first.

• Little Endian is commonly used in x86 architecture, while Big Endian is used in architectures like SPARC and PowerPC.

• Endianness can affect data transmission between systems with different byte orders.

The apti, coding test, and entire selection procedure were challenging but well-structured.

• The aptitude test covered a wide range of topics and required logical thinking.

• The coding test involved solving complex problems using programming languages.

• The selection procedure included multiple rounds of interviews and assessments.

• The overall process was rigorous but fair, allowing candidates to showcase their skills and abilities.

The maximum stack memory available cannot be determined using the given data structure.

• The maximum stack memory available depends on the hardware and operating system.

• It is not possible to determine the maximum stack memory based on the given data structure alone.

• To determine the maximum stack memory, one would need to consider the hardware limitations and the operating system's stack size limit.

• The data structure provided does not contain information about the maximum stack ...read more

I would rather make a reasonably cheaper game.

• Making a reasonably cheaper game allows for more creative freedom and experimentation.

• A cheaper game can still be successful if it offers unique gameplay or a compelling story.

• Developing a game on a smaller budget can also lead to more efficient use of resources.

• Examples of successful cheaper games include indie titles like Stardew Valley and Undertale.

The solution to determine whether a number is even or odd is to use the modulus operator with 2.

• Use the modulus operator (%) to find the remainder when the number is divided by 2.

• If the remainder is 0, the number is even. Otherwise, it is odd.

• Example: 7 % 2 = 1, so 7 is an odd number.

• Example: 10 % 2 = 0, so 10 is an even number.

We use different browsers depending on our personal preferences and work requirements.

• Some popular browsers are Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, and Microsoft Edge.

• Chrome is known for its speed and compatibility with Google services.

• Firefox is known for its privacy features and customization options.

• Safari is the default browser for Apple devices.

• Edge is the default browser for Windows 10.

• Some people also use alternative browsers like Opera or Brave.

• Ultimately, the cho...read more

Sockets, pipes, and inter-process communication are mechanisms used for communication between processes.

• Sockets are endpoints for sending and receiving data across a network. They enable communication between processes running on different machines.

• Pipes are a form of inter-process communication that allows communication between processes running on the same machine. They provide a unidirectional flow of data.

• Inter-process communication (IPC) refers to various methods used by...read more

Function pointers are used to pass functions as arguments to other functions, allowing for dynamic behavior and flexibility in programming.

• Function pointers can be used for callback functions in event handling systems.

• They can be used to implement polymorphism in object-oriented programming.

• Function pointers are commonly used in sorting algorithms to specify custom comparison functions.

Dockerfile to setup Nginx and expose it with port 8080

• Use the official Nginx image as the base image

• Copy the custom Nginx configuration file to the container

• Expose port 8080 in the Dockerfile

• Start Nginx in the foreground using the CMD instruction

OpenGL is a graphics API used in Android to render 2D and 3D graphics.

• OpenGL is a cross-platform API that allows developers to create high-performance graphics applications.

• It uses a pipeline-based model to process graphics data.

• OpenGL ES (Embedded Systems) is the version of OpenGL used in Android.

• It supports features like texture mapping, lighting, and shading.

• Developers can use OpenGL in Android to create games, visualizations, and other graphics-intensive applications.

Process scheduling manages execution of processes, while thread scheduling manages execution of threads within a process.

• Process scheduling involves allocating CPU time to different processes, while thread scheduling involves allocating CPU time to different threads within a process.

• Process scheduling is typically handled by the operating system, while thread scheduling can be managed by the application itself.

• Examples of process scheduling algorithms include Round Robin, Fir...read more

Mealy and Moore state machines are two types of finite state machines used in hardware programming.

• Mealy state machine outputs depend on both the current state and the inputs

• Moore state machine outputs depend only on the current state

• Mealy machines have more flexibility but are more complex to design and analyze

• Moore machines are simpler but less flexible

• Mealy machines are often used when the output depends on the input

• Moore machines are often used when the output depends onl...read more

The code for camera reset in C# typically involves resetting the camera's position and rotation to their default values.

• Use the transform component of the camera to reset its position and rotation

• Set the camera's position to the default position

• Set the camera's rotation to the default rotation

IOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple. Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn from data.

• IOS is used on Apple devices such as iPhones and iPads

• Machine learning involves algorithms that can learn from data and make predictions or decisions based on that data

• Examples of machine learning include image recognition, speech recognition, and recommendation systems

• Machine learning is used in a variety of industries, including...read more

List is mutable and Tuples are immutable in Python.

• Lists are enclosed in square brackets [], while Tuples are enclosed in parentheses ().

• Elements of a list can be changed, added or removed, while elements of a tuple cannot be changed.

• Lists are slower than tuples due to their mutable nature.

• Tuples are used for fixed data, while lists are used for dynamic data.

• Lists are used for homogenous data, while tuples are used for heterogenous data.

Function pointers in C are used to store the address of functions, allowing for dynamic function calls and callbacks.

• Function pointers can be used to implement callbacks in event-driven programming.

• They can be used to switch between different functions at runtime.

• Function pointers are commonly used in implementing data structures like function pointers in an array of function pointers.

• Example: void (*funcPtr)(int) = &someFunction; funcPtr(5);

Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans.

• AI involves creating intelligent machines that can perform tasks without human intervention

• It uses techniques like machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision

• Examples include virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa, self-driving cars, and facial recognition technology

Little endian and big endian are two ways of storing multi-byte data types in computer memory.

• Little endian: least significant byte is stored first

• Big endian: most significant byte is stored first

• Example: In little endian, the number 0x1234 is stored as 0x34 0x12

• Example: In big endian, the number 0x1234 is stored as 0x12 0x34

Program to determine system's endianness

• Check the endianness by storing a multi-byte integer and checking the byte order

• Use bitwise operations to extract the least significant byte

• If the least significant byte is at the lowest memory address, it's little-endian

• If the least significant byte is at the highest memory address, it's big-endian

T3 and T5 violations are related to timing constraints in digital circuits.

• T3 violation occurs when the data arrives too late at the destination register.

• T5 violation occurs when the data arrives too early at the destination register.

• T3 and T5 violations can cause setup and hold time violations.

• T3 and T5 violations can be fixed by adjusting the timing constraints or by adding delay elements.

• Examples of T3 and T5 violations can be found in high-speed digital designs such as mi...read more

The volatile keyword in programming is used to indicate that a variable's value can be changed unexpectedly.

• Volatile keyword is used in multithreaded programming to prevent compiler optimizations on variables that can be changed by other threads.

• It tells the compiler not to cache the variable's value in a register, ensuring that every access is made to the variable's memory location.

• Commonly used in embedded systems programming where hardware may change variable values outsid...read more

Print infinite series of a given pattern

• Use a loop to continuously print the pattern

• Consider using a circular buffer to store the pattern for efficient printing

• Ensure the pattern does not consume too much memory or cause overflow

A storage class in programming defines the scope and lifetime of variables.

• Storage classes include auto, register, static, and extern.

• Auto variables are created when a function is called and destroyed when the function ends.

• Register variables are stored in CPU registers for faster access.

• Static variables retain their value between function calls.

• Extern variables are declared outside of any function and can be accessed by multiple files.

Design a data structure for multi-threading

• Use a thread-safe queue to manage tasks for each thread

• Implement a lock or semaphore to control access to shared resources

• Consider using condition variables for synchronization

• Use atomic operations for shared variables to prevent race conditions

Test output of a graphic card

• Check for resolution and refresh rate

• Test different graphic-intensive applications

• Check for artifacts or distortion in the output

• Test with different cables and monitors

• Benchmark the performance using software tools

NVIDIA is a technology company that designs and manufactures graphics processing units (GPUs) and system-on-a-chip units (SoCs) for gaming, professional visualization, data center, and automotive markets.

• Founded in 1993 by Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem

• Headquartered in Santa Clara, California

• Known for its GeForce graphics cards and CUDA parallel computing platform

• Provides hardware and software solutions for artificial intelligence and deep learning

• Collabora...read more

Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines.

• Natural Language Processing (NLP)

• Machine Learning (ML)

• Computer Vision

• Expert Systems

• Robotics

• Speech Recognition

• Virtual Agents

• Autonomous Vehicles

I have worked on various projects during my professional education.

• Developed a mobile app for a local business as part of a team project

• Conducted research on the impact of social media on consumer behavior

• Created a marketing campaign for a new product launch

• Designed and implemented a database system for a nonprofit organization

• Collaborated with classmates to develop a website for a community event

• Analyzed financial data to make recommendations for a hypothetical investment po...read more

SRAM and DRAM are types of computer memory with different characteristics. Blocking and non-blocking statements are used in hardware design.

• SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) is faster, more expensive, and consumes more power than DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory).

• SRAM stores data in a flip-flop circuit, while DRAM stores data in a capacitor.

• SRAM does not need to be refreshed, while DRAM requires periodic refreshing.

• Blocking statements in hardware design halt the execution ...read more

AI content writing focuses on generating engaging and optimized content for online platforms, while academic writing is more formal and research-based.

• AI content writing uses algorithms to create content that is tailored for online audiences and optimized for search engines.

• Academic writing is more formal, structured, and research-based, focusing on presenting arguments and supporting evidence.

• AI content writing may prioritize readability, SEO, and engagement metrics, while a...read more

Android architecture system is a layered architecture consisting of four main layers.

• The four main layers are Linux kernel, native libraries, application framework, and applications.

• The Linux kernel provides low-level hardware abstraction and security.

• Native libraries are written in C or C++ and provide access to hardware-specific features.

• Application framework provides high-level services such as activity management, resource management, and content providers.

• Applications ar...read more

Artificial Intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems.

• AI involves the development of algorithms that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation.

• Machine learning is a subset of AI that focuses on the development of algorithms that allow computers to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on da...read more

Algorithms, code architecture, and parallel programming are essential for efficient software development.

• Understanding algorithms helps in writing efficient code.

• Good code architecture ensures scalability and maintainability.

• Parallel programming allows for better utilization of resources.

• Examples: Sorting algorithms like quicksort, Object-oriented design principles, Parallel processing in GPU programming.

The basic components of Android are activities, services, broadcast receivers, and content providers.

• Activities are the user interface components that allow users to interact with the app.

• Services are background components that perform long-running operations.

• Broadcast receivers are components that receive and respond to system-wide broadcast announcements.

• Content providers are components that manage a shared set of app data that can be accessed by other apps.

Sequential logic refers to a type of digital circuit design that uses memory elements to store and process data sequentially.

• Sequential logic circuits are used to build memory units, counters, shift registers, and other devices.

• They rely on memory elements like flip-flops or latches to store and propagate data.

• The output of a sequential logic circuit depends not only on the current inputs but also on the previous inputs and the current state of the memory elements.

• Sequential ...read more

The kernel is the core component of an operating system that manages system resources and provides a bridge between software and hardware.

• Manages system resources such as CPU, memory, and I/O devices

• Provides a bridge between software applications and hardware components

• Handles tasks such as process scheduling, memory management, and device drivers

• Controls communication between hardware and software layers

CGC cell is a standard cell used in physical design with specific characteristics for circuit implementation.

• CGC cell stands for Custom Gate Cell, which is a standard cell used in physical design for implementing logic functions.

• CGC cells have specific characteristics like fixed height and width, predefined power and ground connections, and a set of pins for input and output signals.

• When designing a circuit using CGC cells, designers place and connect these cells in a specifi...read more

Noise margin in CMOS refers to the difference between the minimum input voltage required to change the logic state of a gate and the maximum input voltage that can be applied without causing an incorrect output.

• Noise margin is important for ensuring reliable operation of CMOS circuits

• It is typically defined as the difference between the high and low logic levels of the input signal

• Noise margin can be affected by factors such as process variations, temperature, and power suppl...read more

There are 3 patterns to detect faults on an XOR gate.

• There are 3 possible fault patterns on an XOR gate: Stuck-At-0, Stuck-At-1, and Inversion.

• Stuck-At-0 fault pattern occurs when one input is always 0, regardless of the other input.

• Stuck-At-1 fault pattern occurs when one input is always 1, regardless of the other input.

• Inversion fault pattern occurs when the output is inverted compared to the correct XOR gate output.

Tie cell diagram for low/high cells in physical design engineering.

• Tie cell diagram is used in physical design to connect multiple power domains.

• Low tie cells are used to connect low power domains, while high tie cells are used for high power domains.

• Examples of tie cells include power switches and isolation cells.

Pointers are variables that store memory addresses of other variables. Double pointers store memory addresses of pointers.

• Pointers are used to access and manipulate memory addresses of variables.

• Double pointers are used to store memory addresses of pointers themselves, allowing for indirect access to variables.

• Example: char *ptr; int **dptr;

Use a loop to copy data byte by byte, handle overlapping memory regions, and check for NULL pointers.

• Use a loop to copy data byte by byte

• Handle overlapping memory regions by checking the direction of copy and copying in the correct order

• Check for NULL pointers before performing any operations

Digital design problems involve challenges in designing and implementing digital circuits and systems.

• Understanding and optimizing power consumption

• Ensuring signal integrity and minimizing noise

• Implementing efficient clocking strategies

• Addressing timing issues and meeting performance requirements

Al is the chemical symbol for the element Aluminum, a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic metal.

• Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust.

• It is widely used in the construction industry for making windows, doors, and building frames.

• Aluminum is also used in the manufacturing of aircraft, automobiles, and electrical transmission lines.

• It has a low density and is resistant to corrosion, making it a popular choice for packaging materials like cans and foil.

• Alu...read more

A D flip flop is a sequential logic circuit that stores a single bit of data.

• A D flip flop has a data input (D), a clock input (CLK), and an output (Q).

• The output (Q) of a D flip flop changes only when the clock input (CLK) transitions from low to high.

• The output (Q) of a D flip flop follows the value of the data input (D) when the clock input (CLK) transitions from low to high.

• The Verilog code for a D flip flop can be written as: 'always @(posedge CLK) Q <= D;'