100+ Sdet Interview Questions and Answers

Given a 2D array of alphabets and a function to check valid English words, find all possible valid words adjacent to each other.

• Create a recursive function to traverse the 2D array and check for valid words

• Use memoization to avoid redundant checks

• Consider edge cases such as words with repeating letters

• Optimize the algorithm for time and space complexity

When entering a URL and hitting enter, the browser performs DNS lookup, establishes a TCP connection, sends an HTTP request, receives the response, and renders the page.

• Browser performs DNS lookup to resolve the domain name to an IP address

• Browser establishes a TCP connection with the server

• Browser sends an HTTP request to the server

• Server processes the request and sends back an HTTP response

• Browser receives the response and starts rendering the page

The program takes a string as input and capitalizes the first letter of each reversed word while keeping the rest of the letters in lowercase.

• Split the input string into an array of words using the space as a delimiter

• Iterate through each word in the array

• Reverse the word and capitalize the first letter

• Join the modified words back into a single string with spaces in between

Insert a node at its correct position in a circular linked list containing sorted elements.

• Traverse the linked list until the correct position is found

• Handle the case where the value to be inserted is smaller than the smallest element or larger than the largest element

• Update the pointers of the neighboring nodes to insert the new node

• Consider the case where the linked list has only one node

Combine 4 elements of a sorted array of size 7 and a sorted array of 3 elements to make a sorted array.

• Insert the 3 elements of the smaller array into the larger array

• Sort the larger array using any sorting algorithm

Implement spelling and word suggestions for full keyboard phones

• Create a dictionary of commonly used words

• Use algorithms like Trie or Levenshtein distance to suggest words

• Implement auto-correct feature

A test framework should have features like test case management, test data management, reporting, and integration with CI/CD tools.

• Test case management: Ability to create, organize, and execute test cases.

• Test data management: Ability to manage test data and generate test data sets.

• Reporting: Ability to generate detailed test reports with metrics and logs.

• Integration with CI/CD tools: Ability to integrate with tools like Jenkins for continuous integration and delivery.

• Paralle...read more

Yes, I have worked on automation frameworks.

• I have experience in developing and maintaining automation frameworks using tools like Selenium, TestNG, and Cucumber.

• I have also worked on customizing existing frameworks to meet specific project requirements.

• I am familiar with both data-driven and keyword-driven frameworks.

• I have integrated automation frameworks with CI/CD pipelines for continuous testing.

• One example of a project where I worked on an automation framework was for a...read more

To check if a string is a palindrome, compare the first and last characters, then move towards the center.

• Remove all non-alphanumeric characters and convert to lowercase

• Use two pointers, one starting from the beginning and the other from the end

• Compare the characters at both pointers, move towards the center until they meet

• If all characters match, the string is a palindrome

To find a given integer in a circularly sorted array of integers, use binary search with slight modifications.

• Find the middle element of the array.

• If the middle element is the target, return its index.

• If the left half of the array is sorted and the target is within that range, search the left half.

• If the right half of the array is sorted and the target is within that range, search the right half.

• If the left half is not sorted, search the right half.

• If the right half is not so...read more

To determine if someone has won a game of tic-tac-toe on a board of any size, we need to check all possible winning combinations.

• Create a function to check all rows, columns, and diagonals for a winning combination

• Loop through the board and call the function for each row, column, and diagonal

• If a winning combination is found, return the player who won

• If no winning combination is found and the board is full, return 'Tie'

• If no winning combination is found and the board is not f...read more

Find the maximum subsequent distinct and contiguous subarray in a character array.

• Use a sliding window approach to iterate through the array.

• Keep track of the distinct characters in the current subarray.

• Update the maximum length and subarray as necessary.

Parallel execution of test cases in TestNG can be achieved using TestNG's parallel attribute in the testng.xml file.

• Set the 'parallel' attribute in the testng.xml file to 'methods', 'classes', or 'tests' to specify the level of parallelism.

• Use the 'thread-count' attribute to specify the number of threads to be used for parallel execution.

• Ensure that the test classes are thread-safe to avoid any conflicts during parallel execution.

Test cases for API creating User's profile with First name, Last name, and mobile number

• Verify that a user profile is created successfully with valid First name, Last name, and mobile number

• Test with invalid First name (empty, special characters, numbers)

• Test with invalid Last name (empty, special characters, numbers)

• Test with invalid mobile number (empty, alphabets, special characters, less than 10 digits)

• Verify that duplicate profiles are not created for the same mobile num...read more

Program to find intersection of words in two files

• Read both files and store words in two arrays

• Loop through one array and check if word exists in other array

• Print the common words

To find if two linked lists intersect, traverse both lists and compare their tail nodes.

• Traverse both linked lists and find their lengths

• If the lengths are different, move the longer list's head pointer to the difference in length

• Now traverse both lists and compare their nodes until a common node is found

• If no common node is found, the lists do not intersect

500 Internal Server Error is a generic error message indicating a problem with the server.

• Server misconfiguration

• Server overload

• Programming errors in server-side code

• Database connection issues

• Insufficient server resources

Replace each number in an array with the product of all other numbers without using division.

• Iterate through the array and calculate the product of all numbers to the left of the current index.

• Then, iterate through the array again and calculate the product of all numbers to the right of the current index.

• Multiply the left and right products to get the final product and replace the current index with it.

Program to find the angle between the hands of a clock given the time.

• Calculate the angle of the hour hand from 12 o'clock position

• Calculate the angle of the minute hand from 12 o'clock position

• Calculate the absolute difference between the two angles

• If the difference is greater than 180 degrees, subtract it from 360 degrees

• Return the absolute value of the difference as the angle between the hands

Program to find depth of binary search tree without recursion

• Use a stack to keep track of nodes and their depths

• Iteratively traverse the tree and update the maximum depth

• Return the maximum depth once traversal is complete

Program to reverse words in a string

• Split the input string into an array of words

• Reverse the array of words

• Join the reversed array back into a string

Yes, I use console to locate elements in a web page for debugging and testing purposes.

• Yes, I use console commands like document.querySelector() or document.getElementById() to locate elements on a web page.

• Console is helpful for quickly testing and verifying element selectors before implementing them in automated tests.

• Using console to locate elements can help in identifying issues with element selection and improve test script efficiency.

Yes, I use the console to locate elements in web pages for debugging and testing purposes.

• I use the console to inspect elements and identify unique attributes like IDs, classes, or XPath.

• I can use commands like document.getElementById(), document.querySelector(), or $() to locate elements.

• I also use the console to test CSS selectors and verify if elements are being correctly identified.

Create a method to check if element is visible within a specified timeout

• Create a method that accepts a locator and timeout as parameters

• Use a loop to check if the element is visible within the specified timeout

• Return success if the element is visible before timeout, else return failure

Create a cache with fast look up that only stores the N most recently accessed items

• Implement a hash table with doubly linked list to store the items

• Use a counter to keep track of the most recently accessed items

• When the cache is full, remove the least recently accessed item

Recursive mergesort divides array into halves, sorts them and merges them back. O(nlogn) runtime.

• Divide array into halves recursively

• Sort each half recursively using mergesort

• Merge the sorted halves back together

• Runtime is O(nlogn)

• Iterative version can be written using a stack or queue

Find the maximum rectangle (in terms of area) under a histogram in linear time

• Use a stack to keep track of the bars in the histogram

• For each bar, calculate the area of the rectangle it can form

• Pop the bars from the stack until a smaller bar is encountered

• Keep track of the maximum area seen so far

• Return the maximum area

Jenkins setup involves configuring jobs and updating reports for the team.

• Install Jenkins on a server or local machine

• Create a new job by selecting 'New Item' and choosing the job type

• Configure the job by setting up build triggers, source code management, build steps, and post-build actions

• Add plugins for reporting tools like JUnit or HTML Publisher to generate reports

• Update the report by viewing the job's build history and clicking on the specific build to see the report

To automate API for retrieving AWS service IP allocations, we can use AWS CLI or SDKs.

• Use AWS CLI to retrieve IP allocations for a specific service

• Use AWS SDKs to programmatically retrieve IP allocations

• Create automated tests to ensure IP allocations are correct

• Use tools like Postman to test API endpoints

To handle dynamic web elements in a web table, I will use techniques like XPath, CSS selectors, and dynamic element identification.

• Use XPath to locate elements based on their attributes or position in the DOM

• Utilize CSS selectors to target specific elements based on their styling

• Implement dynamic element identification techniques to handle elements that change on page reloads or updates

Array is a fixed-size data structure while ArrayList is a dynamic-size data structure in Java.

• Array is a static data structure with a fixed size, while ArrayList is a dynamic data structure that can grow or shrink in size.

• Arrays can hold primitive data types and objects, while ArrayList can only hold objects.

• Arrays require a specified size during initialization, while ArrayList can dynamically resize itself.

• Arrays use square brackets [] for declaration, while ArrayList is a p...read more

Approach for designing an automation framework

• Identify the scope and requirements of the framework

• Choose a suitable programming language and tools

• Design the framework architecture and modules

• Implement the framework and write test scripts

• Integrate the framework with CI/CD pipeline

• Continuously maintain and update the framework

Implement 3 stacks in a single array efficiently

• Divide the array into 3 equal parts

• Use pointers to keep track of top of each stack

• Implement push and pop operations for each stack

• Handle stack overflow and underflow cases

Use Selenium to automate adding items to cart on Amazon website.

• Locate the 'Add to Cart' button on the product page using Selenium's findElement method

• Click on the 'Add to Cart' button to add the item to the cart

• Verify that the item has been successfully added to the cart by checking the cart contents

A program to count the characters in a string

• Iterate through each character in the string and increment the count for each character

• Use a hashmap to store the count of each character

• Handle edge cases like empty string or null input

Git is a version control system used for tracking changes in code, while GitHub is a platform for hosting Git repositories and collaborating on code.

• Git is a distributed version control system that allows developers to track changes in code and collaborate with others.

• GitHub is a web-based platform that provides hosting for Git repositories, allowing developers to store, share, and collaborate on code.

• Git can be used locally on a developer's machine, while GitHub is a cloud-b...read more

I am currently working with Java and Selenium for test automation.

• Using Java programming language for writing test scripts

• Using Selenium WebDriver for automating web applications

• Integrating with CI/CD tools like Jenkins for continuous testing

• Working with frameworks like TestNG for test management

• Using tools like Maven for project management

Create a stack using 2 given queues.

• Push elements into one queue until it is full.

• When the first queue is full, push new elements into the second queue.

• To pop an element, remove all elements from the non-empty queue except the last one.

• Switch the non-empty queue to the other one when it becomes empty.

Automating email and one time passcode involves using automation tools and scripting to send emails and generate passcodes.

• Use automation tools like Selenium or Puppeteer to automate the process of logging into email accounts and sending emails.

• Utilize scripting languages like Python or JavaScript to generate one time passcodes and send them via email.

• Implement API calls to interact with email servers and send emails programmatically.

• Consider using third-party services like T...read more

Comparing two databases and two files involves analyzing their structure, content, and integrity.

• Compare the schema of the databases to ensure they have the same tables, columns, and relationships.

• Check the data in the databases and files to identify any discrepancies or missing information.

• Use checksums or hash functions to compare the contents of the files for differences.

• Consider using tools like SQL queries, file comparison software, or scripting languages for efficient c...read more

To exit recursion in programming, a base case is defined to stop the recursive calls.

• Define a base case that will stop the recursive calls.

• Ensure that the base case is reached during the recursion.

• Return a value or perform an action when the base case is met.

Integrating Selenium framework with Jenkins involves setting up Jenkins job to run Selenium tests.

• Install Jenkins on the server

• Install necessary plugins like Selenium plugin

• Create a Jenkins job for running Selenium tests

• Configure the job to execute Selenium tests using the Selenium framework

• Set up build triggers and post-build actions as needed

OOPS is Object-Oriented Programming, Inheritance is the ability of a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class, Static Binding is resolved at compile time, Dynamic Binding is resolved at runtime.

• OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming, which is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• Inheritance is a feature in OOP that allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Static Binding is also known as early binding, where...read more

Java program to find missing numbers in an array

• Iterate through the array and create a HashSet to store all numbers

• Iterate from 1 to the maximum number in the array and check if each number exists in the HashSet

• If a number is not found in the HashSet, it is a missing number

UI test cases for uploading a document

• Verify that the 'Upload' button is functional

• Check if the correct file types are allowed for upload

• Ensure that the progress bar is displayed during upload

• Confirm that the document is successfully uploaded and visible on the UI

Variables in Postman are used to store and reuse values throughout requests and scripts.

• Variables can be defined at different scopes such as global, collection, environment, and local.

• Variables can be set using the syntax {{variable_name}}.

• Variables can be used in request URLs, headers, body, and scripts.

• Examples: {{baseUrl}}, {{accessToken}}, {{randomNumber}}

JOINS are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• JOINS are used to retrieve data from multiple tables in a single query

• There are different types of JOINS - INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL OUTER

• JOINS are based on a related column between the tables

• Syntax: SELECT * FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column