MSCI Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Simple java questions, one coding question and one design question

Q1. What is visitor pattern?
Ans. 
Visitor pattern is a design pattern where a visitor class is used to perform operations on elements of a data structure.
• Visitor pattern allows adding new operations to existing classes without modifying them

• It separates the algorithm from the object structure on which it operates

• Commonly used in compilers, interpreters, and other complex systems
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Q2. You have a 2d array {{1,2},{1,3},{5,6}}. Calculate the sum of elements of 1st position in every array with Java 8.
Ans. 
Calculate sum of elements at 1st position in each array using Java 8.
• Use Java 8 stream to map each array to its 1st element and then sum them up.

• Example: {{1,2},{1,3},{5,6}} -> 1 + 1 + 5 = 7
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Q3. Design Thread collector class
Ans. 
Thread collector class to manage and organize threads in a system
• Create a ThreadCollector class with methods to add, remove, and retrieve threads

• Implement a data structure like a list or queue to store the threads

• Ensure thread safety by using synchronization mechanisms like locks or semaphores
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Q4. What is volatile?
Ans. 
Volatile refers to a type of memory storage that is temporary and can change frequently.
• Volatile memory loses its data when power is turned off, unlike non-volatile memory.

• Volatile memory is commonly used for temporary storage of data that needs to be quickly accessed and modified.

• Examples of volatile memory include RAM (Random Access Memory) in computers and cache memory in processors.
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Q5. Sql query to remove duplicates
Ans. 
Use the DISTINCT keyword in a SELECT statement to remove duplicates from a table.
• Use the SELECT DISTINCT statement to retrieve unique rows from a table.

• For example: SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table_name;

• Another way is to use the GROUP BY clause with the COUNT() function to remove duplicates.

• For example: SELECT column_name, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name;
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Q1. Why do you think you are fit for this role?
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Q2. Why are you leaving your current company?
Ans. 
Seeking new challenges and opportunities for growth.
• Desire for new challenges and opportunities

• Looking for career advancement

• Seeking a more innovative and dynamic work environment
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Q1. Describe your projects
Ans. 
I have worked on various projects involving data analysis, market research, and process improvement.
• Conducted market research to identify new opportunities for product development

• Utilized data analysis techniques to optimize business processes

• Implemented process improvement strategies to increase efficiency and reduce costs
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Q2. All about resume
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Q1. What is normalisation
Ans. 
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
• Normalization involves breaking down data into smaller, more manageable tables

• It helps in reducing data redundancy by storing data in a structured manner

• Normalization ensures data integrity by minimizing anomalies such as update, insert, and delete anomalies
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Q2. How is data stored in power BI
Ans. 
Data in Power BI is stored in a compressed columnar format called VertiPaq.
• Data in Power BI is stored in a compressed columnar format called VertiPaq.

• VertiPaq stores data in memory, allowing for fast query performance.

• Power BI also supports DirectQuery mode where data is queried directly from the data source.

• Data can be imported into Power BI or connected live to the data source.
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Q1. How did you write BRDs
Ans. 
I wrote BRDs by gathering requirements from stakeholders, documenting them clearly, and ensuring alignment with project goals.
• Conducting interviews with stakeholders to gather requirements

• Documenting requirements in a clear and structured manner

• Ensuring alignment of requirements with project goals

• Reviewing and revising BRDs based on feedback
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Q2. What is the motivating and demotivating factor when joining a new organization
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Motivating factors include growth opportunities and positive work culture, while demotivating factors include lack of recognition and poor management.
• Motivating factors: opportunities for growth and advancement, positive work culture, competitive salary and benefits

• Demotivating factors: lack of recognition for hard work, poor management and leadership, toxic work environment

• Examples: A motivating factor could be a clea...read more
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2 coding questions and 1 sql query question

Q1. LRU cache memory implementation using linked list
Ans. 
LRU cache memory can be implemented using a linked list to store and manage recently used items efficiently.
• Use a doubly linked list to keep track of the order of items based on their usage.

• When an item is accessed, move it to the front of the list to indicate it is the most recently used.

• If the cache is full, remove the least recently used item from the end of the list.

• Maintain a hashmap for quick access to items in t
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Q2. Sliding window coding question
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Q1. Questions on projects
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