100+ Paper Boat(Hector Beverages Pvt. Ltd.) Interview Questions and Answers

ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol, used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network.

• ARP is used to find the MAC address of a device based on its IP address.

• It operates at the data link layer of the OSI model.

• ARP requests are broadcasted to all devices on the local network.

• Once the device with the corresponding IP address responds, its MAC address is stored in the ARP table.

• ARP cache poisoning is a common attack where a malicious device sends false ARP mes...read more

Promotion configurations in SFCC involve setting up promotion rules and discounts for products.

• Promotion rules can be based on order total, specific products, customer groups, etc.

• Discounts can be percentage-based, fixed amount, buy one get one free, etc.

• Promotions can be scheduled to run for a specific period of time.

• Promotion codes can be used to offer discounts to specific customers.

• Promotions can be applied automatically or require a code to be entered at checkout.

Encryption and deception of packet

• Encryption is the process of converting plain text into cipher text to protect data from unauthorized access

• Packet deception is a technique used to mislead attackers by sending fake packets to divert their attention

• Combining encryption and packet deception can enhance network security by making it difficult for attackers to intercept and decipher data

• Tools like honeypots and honeynets can be used for packet deception

I address escalations by actively listening, empathizing, investigating root causes, collaborating with stakeholders, and implementing solutions.

• Listen to the concerns of the parties involved

• Show empathy and understanding towards the situation

• Investigate the root causes of the escalation

• Collaborate with all stakeholders to find a resolution

• Implement solutions to prevent future escalations

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network.

• DHCP assigns IP addresses dynamically to devices on a network

• It helps in reducing the manual configuration of IP addresses

• DHCP servers lease IP addresses to devices for a specific period of time

• DHCP also provides other network configuration information such as subnet mask and default gateway

IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses.

• IPv4 uses a 32-bit address format, allowing for approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses.

• IPv6 uses a 128-bit address format, allowing for an enormous number of unique addresses.

• IPv4 addresses are written in decimal format (e.g., 192.168.0.1), while IPv6 addresses are written in hexadecimal format (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).

• IPv4 has a limited address space and is running out of available addres...read more

TCP 3 way handshake is a process used to establish a connection between a client and a server in a TCP/IP network.

• Client sends a SYN packet to the server to initiate the connection

• Server responds with a SYN-ACK packet to acknowledge the request

• Client sends an ACK packet back to the server to confirm the connection establishment

I primarily use ArcGIS, QGIS, and Google Earth for GIS analysis and mapping.

• ArcGIS

• QGIS

• Google Earth

SSL handshake is a process where a client and server establish a secure connection by exchanging encryption keys and verifying identities.

• Client sends a hello message to server with supported encryption algorithms

• Server responds with its own hello message, including its certificate

• Client verifies server's certificate and generates a pre-master secret

• Both client and server use the pre-master secret to generate a unique session key for encryption

• Encrypted communication begins u...read more

Networking protocols are sets of rules that govern communication between devices on a network.

• Common networking protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and DNS

• Protocols define how data is formatted, transmitted, received, and acknowledged

• They ensure that devices can communicate effectively and securely over a network

The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven different layers. The TCP/IP model is a concise version of the OSI model, with four layers.

• OSI model has 7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application

• TCP/IP model has 4 layers: Network Interface, Internet, Transport, Application

• OSI model is a theoretical model, while TCP/IP model is a practical implementation

• OSI ...read more

Static IP is a fixed IP address assigned to a device, while dynamic IP is one that changes each time a device connects to the network.

• Static IP remains constant, while dynamic IP changes

• Static IP is manually configured, dynamic IP is assigned by DHCP

• Static IP is typically used for servers, dynamic IP for regular devices

My biggest achievement was successfully leading a team to implement a new network infrastructure, overcoming technical challenges along the way.

• Led a team to implement a new network infrastructure

• Overcame technical challenges during the project

• Achieved successful implementation within the set timeline and budget

I have extensive experience providing application support for various software systems.

• Managed troubleshooting and resolving technical issues for end users

• Collaborated with development teams to implement bug fixes and enhancements

• Provided training and documentation for users to improve system utilization

Fibre types refer to the different types of optical fibers used in networking.

• Single-mode fiber: used for long-distance communication, has a small core size

• Multi-mode fiber: used for shorter distances, has a larger core size

• Plastic optical fiber (POF): made of plastic instead of glass, used in home networks

OSPF and EIGRP are both routing protocols used in computer networks, but they differ in several ways.

• OSPF is a link-state protocol, while EIGRP is a distance-vector protocol.

• OSPF uses a hierarchical network design, while EIGRP uses a flat network design.

• OSPF supports multiple paths to a destination, while EIGRP only supports a single path.

• OSPF uses a metric based on bandwidth, while EIGRP uses a composite metric based on bandwidth, delay, reliability, load, and MTU.

• OSPF is an...read more

OSPF routing in broadcast is a method of routing in which OSPF packets are sent to all devices on a network segment.

• OSPF packets are sent to all devices on a network segment, regardless of whether they need the information or not.

• This method is used in networks where there are multiple routers on a single segment.

• Broadcast OSPF packets are sent using multicast addresses.

• This method can be less efficient than other OSPF routing methods, such as point-to-point or non-broadcast....read more

Yes, I have used maps extensively in my work as a GIS Engineer.

• I have experience working with various types of maps, including topographic, thematic, and digital maps.

• I have used maps to analyze spatial data and create visual representations of data.

• I have also used maps to perform geocoding and geolocation tasks.

• Examples of software I have used to work with maps include ArcGIS, QGIS, and Google Maps API.

DHCP is a network protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. DORA process involves Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge stages.

• DHCP Discover: Client broadcasts a request for IP address

• DHCP Offer: Server responds with an available IP address

• DHCP Request: Client requests the offered IP address

• DHCP Acknowledge: Server confirms the IP address assignment

Gratuitous ARP is a type of Address Resolution Protocol message where a device announces its own IP address to update ARP caches.

• Gratuitous ARP is used to update ARP caches in network devices.

• It is sent as a broadcast message with the sender and target IP addresses being the same.

• It helps prevent IP address conflicts and update ARP tables efficiently.

• Example: A server sends a Gratuitous ARP message to update all devices in the network about its new IP address.

SSL Handshake is the process of securely exchanging keys and establishing a secure connection between a client and server.

• SSL Handshake involves multiple steps such as client hello, server hello, key exchange, and authentication.

• During the handshake, the client and server agree on encryption algorithms and exchange keys to establish a secure connection.

• SSL Handshake ensures that the data transmitted between the client and server is encrypted and secure.

• If the SSL Handshake fa...read more

A network is a group of interconnected devices that can communicate and share resources. There are several types of networks.

• Local Area Network (LAN) - a network that covers a small area such as a home or office

• Wide Area Network (WAN) - a network that covers a large geographical area such as a city or country

• Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) - a LAN that uses wireless technology to connect devices

• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) - a network that covers a larger area than a LA...read more

CSS elements are the building blocks of Cascading Style Sheets that define the appearance of HTML elements.

• CSS elements are used to style HTML elements

• They include selectors, properties, and values

• Selectors target specific HTML elements, while properties define their appearance

• Values determine the specific style of the property

• Examples of CSS elements include color, font-size, margin, padding, etc.

RSTP is a protocol used to prevent loops in a network by dynamically disabling ports.

• RSTP stands for Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

• It is an improvement over STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)

• RSTP uses port roles (root, designated, alternate, backup) to determine which ports should be active

• It also uses port states (discarding, learning, forwarding) to prevent loops

• RSTP can detect and respond to topology changes faster than STP

API flow involves passing data from controller to service layer for processing.

• Controller receives API request and extracts data

• Controller calls appropriate service method with the extracted data

• Service layer processes the data and returns the result to the controller

Day to day work activities involve troubleshooting network issues, configuring devices, and providing technical support to customers.

• Troubleshooting network issues

• Configuring devices

• Providing technical support to customers

I primarily work with tools such as LabVIEW, MATLAB, and Python for data analysis and automation.

• LabVIEW

• MATLAB

• Python

Dependency injection is a design pattern in which components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.

• Dependency injection helps in achieving loose coupling between classes.

• It allows for easier testing and maintenance of code.

• There are three types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.

Packet tracer real life scenario involves simulating network configurations and troubleshooting issues in a virtual environment.

• Create a network topology with routers, switches, and end devices

• Configure IP addresses, VLANs, routing protocols, and access control lists

• Simulate network traffic and troubleshoot connectivity issues

• Use tools like ping, traceroute, and Wireshark to analyze network traffic

TCP/IP is a set of protocols that governs the way data is transmitted over the internet.

• TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

• It is a suite of communication protocols used to connect network devices on the internet.

• TCP ensures that data is reliably transmitted between devices.

• IP is responsible for addressing and routing data packets across networks.

• Examples of TCP/IP applications include web browsing, email, and file transfer.

LAN stands for Local Area Network, which connects devices within a limited area. WAN stands for Wide Area Network, which connects devices over a large geographical area.

• LAN is typically used in homes, offices, or small businesses.

• WAN is used to connect multiple LANs together over a larger distance.

• LAN has higher data transfer speeds compared to WAN.

• Examples of LAN technologies include Ethernet and Wi-Fi.

• Examples of WAN technologies include the Internet and leased lines.

Bandwidth refers to the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a network connection in a given amount of time.

• Bandwidth is typically measured in bits per second (bps), kilobits per second (kbps), or megabits per second (mbps).

• It determines how fast data can be uploaded or downloaded from the internet.

• Higher bandwidth allows for faster internet speeds and smoother streaming of videos and music.

• Bandwidth can be limited by factors such as network congestion or the t...read more

The working domain in my previous project was e-commerce

• Developed and maintained an online marketplace for various products

• Implemented payment gateway integration for secure transactions

• Designed and optimized the user interface for better user experience

LVM commands for creating logical volumes

• Use 'pvcreate' to initialize physical volumes

• Use 'vgcreate' to create volume groups

• Use 'lvcreate' to create logical volumes within volume groups

• Use 'lvextend' to extend the size of logical volumes

• Use 'lvresize' to resize logical volumes

Types of testing include functional, non-functional, regression, performance, and security testing. STLC includes planning, design, execution, and reporting.

• Functional testing ensures that the software meets the specified requirements.

• Non-functional testing checks the software's performance, usability, and security.

• Regression testing ensures that changes to the software do not affect existing functionality.

• Performance testing checks the software's speed, scalability, and stab...read more

DHCP process is a network protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.

• DHCP client sends a broadcast request for an IP address to DHCP server

• DHCP server receives the request and offers an IP address

• DHCP client accepts the offer and requests the IP address

• DHCP server assigns the IP address to the client

• DHCP client acknowledges the assignment

ARP, DNS, and DHCP are essential networking protocols that facilitate communication between devices on a network.

• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network.

• DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names into IP addresses to enable communication over the internet.

• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) assigns IP addresses dynamically to devices on a network.

• ARP operates at the data link layer, DNS at the application ...read more

Switches and routers are networking devices used to connect devices and networks. Software is used to manage and configure them.

• Switches are used to connect devices within a network and manage traffic.

• Routers are used to connect different networks and route traffic between them.

• Software is used to configure and manage switches and routers, such as Cisco IOS.

• Switches and routers can also have specialized software, such as firewall software on a router.

• Network engineers must ha...read more

STLC is a subset of SDLC that focuses on testing activities.

• SDLC is a software development life cycle that includes all phases of software development.

• STLC is a software testing life cycle that includes all phases of software testing.

• SDLC includes requirements gathering, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

• STLC includes test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• SDLC is a broader term that encompasses STLC.

• STLC is a subset of SDLC that ...read more

Ajax is a client-side technology while HttpClient is a server-side library for making HTTP requests.

• Ajax is used to update parts of a web page without reloading the entire page.

• HttpClient is used to make HTTP requests from a server-side application.

• Ajax uses XMLHttpRequest object to send and receive data asynchronously.

• HttpClient provides a simpler API for making HTTP requests compared to the low-level Socket API.

• Ajax is limited to same-origin policy while HttpClient can be u...read more

Observable promise type and state

• Observable is a type of promise that can emit multiple values over time

• It can be in different states like 'next', 'error', and 'complete'

• Examples of libraries that use observable promises are RxJS and Angular

TCP is needed in networks for reliable communication and error detection.

• TCP ensures reliable delivery of data by establishing a connection between sender and receiver

• It provides error detection and correction through sequence numbers and acknowledgements

• TCP also handles flow control to prevent overwhelming the receiver with data

• Examples of TCP-based applications include web browsing, email, and file transfer

DHCP assigns IP addresses to devices on a network automatically.

• DHCP server receives a request from a device for an IP address

• DHCP server checks its pool of available IP addresses

• DHCP server assigns an IP address to the device and sends a response

• DHCP lease time determines how long the device can use the assigned IP address

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is a protocol used for mapping an IP address to a MAC address.

• ARP is used to resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network.

• There are two main types of ARP: ARP Request and ARP Reply.

• ARP Request is sent by a device to find the MAC address of another device with a known IP address.

• ARP Reply is sent in response to an ARP Request, providing the MAC address of the requested IP address.

Phase 1 messages in IPsec establish a secure channel for further communication.

• Phase 1 negotiates the security parameters for the IPsec tunnel.

• It establishes a secure channel using the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol.

• Phase 1 messages include SA proposal, key exchange, and authentication.

• The negotiation process involves exchanging messages between the two endpoints.

• Once Phase 1 is complete, Phase 2 can begin for actual data transmission.

IPSEC VPN is a secure network connection that uses encryption and authentication to protect data transmitted over the internet.

• IPSEC VPN stands for Internet Protocol Security Virtual Private Network.

• It provides secure communication between two or more networks over the internet.

• IPSEC VPN uses encryption algorithms to ensure confidentiality of data.

• It also uses authentication protocols to verify the identity of the communicating parties.

• IPSEC VPN can be used to establish secur...read more