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A testing approach outlines the strategy and methods used to ensure software quality and functionality.
Define testing objectives: Identify what needs to be tested, e.g., functionality, performance.
Select testing types: Use unit testing for individual components, integration testing for combined parts.
Develop test cases: Create scenarios to validate expected outcomes, e.g., login functionality.
Automate where possib...
The Producer-Consumer problem is a classic synchronization issue in concurrent programming, illustrating resource sharing.
Use a shared buffer (e.g., an array or a queue) to hold produced items.
Implement two threads: Producer (adds items) and Consumer (removes items).
Use synchronization mechanisms like wait() and notify() to manage access to the shared buffer.
Example: A bounded buffer can be implemented using an Ar...
A classic board game where players navigate a grid, climbing ladders and sliding down snakes to reach the finish first.
Define a 10x10 board with numbered squares from 1 to 100.
Create a mapping for snakes (e.g., 16 -> 6) and ladders (e.g., 2 -> 38).
Use a random number generator to simulate dice rolls (1-6).
Implement player movement based on dice rolls and handle snakes/ladders.
Determine the winner by reaching...
Implement a simple in-memory cache with basic operations like set, get, and eviction policy.
Use a dictionary to store key-value pairs for fast access.
Implement a set method to add or update cache entries.
Implement a get method to retrieve values, returning null if not found.
Consider an eviction policy like LRU (Least Recently Used) to manage cache size.
Example: If cache size is 3, adding a fourth item should remov...
One million has six zeros: 1,000,000.
One million is represented as 1 followed by six zeros.
In numerical form: 1,000,000.
This can be broken down as: 1 x 10^6.
Examples of one million: 1 million dollars, 1 million people.
Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is derived from underlying assets, used for hedging or speculation.
Types of derivatives include options, futures, forwards, and swaps.
Options give the right, but not the obligation, to buy/sell an asset at a predetermined price.
Futures contracts obligate parties to buy/sell an asset at a future date at a set price.
Swaps involve exchanging cash flows or liabilities ...
Corporate actions are events initiated by a public company that impact its shareholders and securities.
Types of corporate actions include dividends, stock splits, mergers and acquisitions, rights issues, and spin-offs.
Dividends are payments made to shareholders from a company's profits.
Stock splits involve dividing existing shares into multiple shares to lower the price per share.
Mergers and acquisitions occur whe...
Dirty price includes accrued interest while clean price does not.
Dirty price includes accrued interest that the buyer must pay to the seller on top of the bond's market price.
Clean price is the market price of the bond without the accrued interest added.
The difference between the dirty price and the clean price is the accrued interest.
For example, if a bond has a clean price of $1,000 and accrued interest of $20, ...
Yes, I have a strong coding background with experience in multiple programming languages.
Proficient in languages such as Java, Python, and C++
Experience with web development technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
Familiarity with database management systems such as SQL
Developed various software applications and projects
Retrieve data from dataverse model design problem
Identify the specific data to be retrieved from the dataverse model
Create a query to extract the desired data
Utilize appropriate filters and conditions to narrow down the search results
Implement the query in the code to fetch the data
Handle any errors or exceptions that may occur during the retrieval process
I appeared for an interview in May 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) model is a mathematical model used for pricing options.
BSM model assumes constant risk-free rate, constant volatility, and lognormal distribution of stock prices.
It assumes no dividends are paid during the option's life.
The model assumes the option can only be exercised at expiration.
The underlying stock follows a geometric Brownian motion.
The model is used to calculate the theoretical price ...
Options are financial instruments that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specified price within a specific time period.
Options can be call options or put options
Call options give the holder the right to buy the underlying asset at a specified price within a specific time period
Put options give the holder the right to sell the underlying asset at a specified price...
ATM option delta is 0.5 because it represents a 50% chance of the option expiring in-the-money.
ATM option delta is 0.5 because it is at-the-money, meaning the option strike price is equal to the current underlying asset price.
Delta measures the sensitivity of an option's price to changes in the underlying asset price.
A delta of 0.5 indicates a 50% probability of the option expiring in-the-money.
ATM options have the hig...
I will establish clear policies, procedures, and controls to ensure data integrity and minimize risks.
Implementing data governance frameworks to define roles, responsibilities, and processes for managing data
Leveraging technology solutions such as data encryption, access controls, and monitoring tools
Regularly conducting risk assessments to identify potential vulnerabilities and mitigate them
Ensuring compliance with re...
Risk for projects can be estimated by considering factors such as project complexity, team experience, stakeholder involvement, and external dependencies.
Assess project complexity and potential challenges
Evaluate team experience and expertise in handling similar projects
Consider stakeholder involvement and communication
Identify external dependencies and potential risks
Use risk management techniques such as risk registe...
Onboarding stakeholders for cloud migration involves communication, training, and collaboration.
Communicate the benefits of cloud migration to stakeholders, addressing any concerns or questions they may have.
Provide training sessions to educate stakeholders on the new cloud technology and how it will impact their work.
Collaborate with stakeholders to gather feedback, address any issues, and ensure a smooth transition t...
Singapore WHT stands for Singapore Withholding Tax, which is a tax deducted at source on certain types of income.
Singapore WHT is applicable on payments such as interest, royalties, and services provided by non-residents.
The tax rate for Singapore WHT varies depending on the type of income and the tax treaty between Singapore and the country of the recipient.
Singapore WHT is usually deducted by the payer of the income ...
CRS stands for Common Reporting Standard, a global standard for the automatic exchange of financial account information between tax authorities.
CRS was developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to combat tax evasion.
It requires financial institutions to collect and report information on foreign tax residents to their local tax authorities.
Over 100 countries have committed to impleme...
Retrieve data from dataverse model design problem
Identify the specific data to be retrieved from the dataverse model
Create a query to extract the desired data
Utilize appropriate filters and conditions to narrow down the search results
Implement the query in the code to fetch the data
Handle any errors or exceptions that may occur during the retrieval process
Coding test based on data structures and java.
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Jun 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
I appeared for an interview in Jan 2025.
Hackathon Test with 2 medium level coding question.
Technical Video Interview- Java concepts mostly related to Java 8, 1 coding program and some db questions were asked.
I am familiar with design patterns such as Singleton, Factory, Observer, and MVC.
Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.
Factory pattern creates objects without specifying the exact class of object that will be created.
Observer pattern defines a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and up...
Design a system for a company in hospitality
Implement a centralized reservation system for booking rooms, tables, and other services
Incorporate a customer feedback system to gather reviews and ratings for continuous improvement
Include a staff scheduling and management module to efficiently allocate resources
Integrate a payment gateway for secure transactions and invoicing
Utilize data analytics to track customer prefere...
Implemented threads in a multi-threaded application to improve performance and concurrency.
Implemented threads in a multi-threaded application to handle multiple tasks concurrently
Used threads to improve performance by parallelizing tasks
Implemented threads in a web server to handle multiple client requests simultaneously
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Some of the top questions asked at the Morgan Stanley interview for experienced candidates -
The duration of Morgan Stanley interview process can vary, but typically it takes about less than 2 weeks to complete.
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