Microsoft Corporation Physical Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Metastability occurs when a flip-flop samples an input signal at an unstable time, leading to unpredictable output. It can be fixed by using synchronization techniques.

• Use multiple stages of flip-flops to reduce the probability of metastability

• Increase the setup and hold times of flip-flops to provide more time for the input signal to stabilize

• Use synchronization circuits like 2-flop synchronizers to ensure proper samp

OCV AOCV variation with multiple buffers in a path can affect timing and power consumption.

• OCV (On-Chip Variation) and AOCV (Advanced OCV) variations can cause timing delays in a path with multiple buffers.

• The variation in buffer sizes and types can lead to different delays in the path, impacting overall timing.

• AOCV takes into account the statistical variations in process parameters, providing a more accurate estimatio...read more