Microsoft Corporation Front end Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Javascript programming language

Javascript programming languge

Hackerrank, html, javascript, css

Coding test that is from html,CSS, javascript

Q1. JavaScript deep concept, React coding , LifeCycle
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Q1. React js basic questions
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Q1. What is your salary expectation?
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Q2. What is the big challenge you had in your last job ?
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Two problems in JavaScript to solve

Q1. What is javascript?
Ans. 
JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming language that is used to make web pages interactive and dynamic.
• JavaScript is commonly used for client-side web development.

• It can be used to create interactive features like forms, animations, and dynamic content.

• JavaScript can also be used for server-side development with Node.js.
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Q2. Types of variable in JavaScript
Ans. 
Types of variables in JavaScript include var, let, and const.
• var: globally scoped or function scoped

• let: block scoped, can be reassigned

• const: block scoped, cannot be reassigned
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round consisted of some standard questions related to HTML , CSS , JS and basic Frontend develeoper practices .

Q1. What are the features of HTML5?
Ans. 
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, and it is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications. HTML5 is the 5th version of HTML.

Some of the new features that were added in HTML5 that make it better than HTML are as follows : 

1) Intro of audio and video : Audio and Video tags are the two major addition to HTML5. It allows developers to embed a video or audio on their website. HTML5 v...read more
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Q2. Can you explain the CSS Box Model?
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Answer : 
1) The CSS box model is a container that contains multiple properties including borders, margin, padding, and the content itself. 
2) It is used to create the design and layout of web pages. It can be used as a toolkit for customizing the layout of different elements. 
3) The web browser renders every element as a rectangular box according to the CSS box model. 
4) Box-Model has multiple prope...read more
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Q3. What is prototype chaining in JavaScript?
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Answer :
1) Nearly all objects in JavaScript are instances of Object. 

2) That means all the objects in JavaScript inherit the properties and methods from Object.prototype. This is called Prototype chaining. 

3) This is a very powerful and potentially dangerous mechanism to override or extend object behavior.

4) Objects created using the new keyword inherit from a prototype called Object.prototype.
For example: If...read more
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Q4. What are media elements in HTML?
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Answer : 
HTML5 introduced 5 most popular media element tags i.e. , , , , . This media element tags changed the entire development using HTML.

Media Tags : 

: It is an inline element that is used to embed sound files into a web page.
: It is used to embed video files into a web page.
: It is used to attach multimedia files like audio, video, and pictures.
: It is used for embedding external applications which are g...read more
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Round duration - 70 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This was a preety intense round revolving mainly around the core concepts of JavaScript and React . I was confident about my skills in JavaScript and React as I already had some projects in JS and React and I also completed the Guided Path of JS and React in CodeStudio which boosted my preparation and helped me crack these Frontend Interviews.

Q1. 
Swap Two Numbers Problem Statement
Given two integers a and b, your task is to swap these numbers and output the swapped values.
Input:
The first line contains a single integer 't', representing the num...read more
Ans. 
Approach 1 (Using Destructruring Assignment) : This method was specific only for JS and the interviewer was preety impressed when I used it .

Destructuring assignment (a feature of ES2015) lets you extract items of an array into variables. It works with any data type: numbers, strings, booleans, objects.

Code :

let a = 1;
let b = 2;
[a, b] = [b, a];
a; // => 2
b; // => 1

[a, b] = [b, a] is the destructuring assignment th...read more
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Q2. 
Sort Array Problem Statement
Given an array consisting of 'N' positive integers where each integer is either 0, 1, or 2, your task is to sort the given array in non-decreasing order.
Input:
Each input st...read more
Ans. 
Answer : 
1) The sort() method allows us to sort elements of an array in place. Besides returning the sorted array, the sort() method changes the positions of the elements in the original array.

2) By default, the sort() method sorts the array elements in ascending order with the smallest value first and largest value last.

3) The sort() method casts elements to strings and compares the strings lexicographically to d...read more
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Q3. Can you explain promises and their three states?
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Answer :
1) A promise is an object that may produce a single value some time in the future: either a resolved value, or a reason that it’s not resolved (e.g., a network error occurred). 

2) A promise may be in one of 3 possible states: fulfilled, rejected, or pending. Promise users can attach callbacks to handle the fulfilled value or the reason for rejection.

3) Promises are eager, meaning that a promise will start ...read more
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Q4. What are callbacks in JavaScript?
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Answer : 

A callback is a function that will be executed after another function gets executed.

In javascript, functions are treated as first-class citizens, they can be used as an argument of another function, can be returned by another function and can be used as a property of an object.

Functions that are used as an argument to another function are called callback functions.


Example Code :

function divideByHalf(sum){
...read more
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Q5. What is the Same-origin policy?
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Answer : 
1) The same-origin policy is a critical security mechanism that restricts how a document or script loaded by one origin can interact with a resource from another origin.

2) It helps isolate potentially malicious documents, reducing possible attack vectors. 

3) For example, it prevents a malicious website on the Internet from running JS in a browser to read data from a third-party webmail service (which...read more
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Q6. Can you explain the lifecycle of components in React?
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Answer : 
Every React Component has a lifecycle of its own, lifecycle of a component can be defined as the series of methods that are invoked in different stages of the component’s existence.A React Component can go through four stages of its life as follows.

1) Initialization: This is the stage where the component is constructed with the given Props and default state. This is done in the constructor of a Component ...read more
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a typical HR round with some standard Behavioral questions like my interests, weaknesses, strengths, family background, are you willing to relocate or travel , why Amdocs, CEO of Amdocs etc.

Q1. Why do you want to work at Amdocs?
Ans. 
Answer :

a) It is an IT company that caters to the telecommunication domain. The business involved in the telecommunication domain is interesting and can widen your chances of switching into various fields be it in software, hardware or networking profiles. Also, Amdocs carries a good brand name in its domain.

b) Amdocs employees get to enjoy a positive and happy work environment.

c) It is truly an employee friendly organ...read more
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