80+ NIE Institute of Technology Interview Questions and Answers

INTERMODAL refers to the transportation of goods using multiple modes of transportation.

• It involves the use of different modes of transportation such as trucks, trains, and ships.

• It is a cost-effective and efficient way of transporting goods over long distances.

• It requires coordination and planning to ensure seamless transfer of goods between different modes of transportation.

• Examples include shipping containers that are transported by truck to a train station and then loaded...read more

Yes, I have handled escalations by identifying the root cause, communicating with stakeholders, and implementing a solution.

• Identified the root cause of the escalation

• Communicated with stakeholders to understand their concerns and expectations

• Developed and implemented a solution to resolve the issue

• Followed up with stakeholders to ensure their satisfaction with the resolution

• Examples: Resolved a customer complaint by offering a refund or replacement, addressed a production is...read more

Skills required in procurement, challenges faced, stakeholder management, hobbies, and role model.

• Skills: negotiation, communication, market knowledge, risk management

• Challenges: supplier relationship management, cost reduction, quality control

• Stakeholder management: clear communication, understanding needs, building trust

• Hobbies: reading, hiking, cooking

• Role model: Elon Musk for his innovation and determination

Application server manages business logic while web server handles HTTP requests.

• Application server executes business logic and manages transactions.

• Web server handles HTTP requests and serves static content.

• Examples of application servers are JBoss, WebSphere, and Tomcat.

• Examples of web servers are Apache, Nginx, and IIS.

Azure Functions is a serverless compute service that enables you to run event-triggered code without having to manage infrastructure.

• Azure Functions can be used to build serverless applications and microservices.

• It supports multiple programming languages such as C#, Java, JavaScript, Python, and PowerShell.

• Limitations include a maximum execution time of 10 minutes, limited memory and CPU resources, and a cold start delay.

• Long running background processes can be handled using ...read more

I would rate myself as an 8 in Microsoft Excel. I am proficient in using formulas, creating pivot tables, and analyzing data.

• Proficient in using formulas such as VLOOKUP, SUMIF, and IF functions

• Experienced in creating pivot tables for data analysis

• Skilled in data visualization using charts and graphs

• Familiar with advanced functions like INDEX-MATCH and conditional formatting

Java is platform independent due to its bytecode and JVM.

• Java code is compiled into bytecode which is platform independent

• JVM (Java Virtual Machine) interprets the bytecode and executes it on any platform

• JVM acts as a layer between the code and the underlying operating system

• This allows Java programs to run on any platform without any modification

• Example: A Java program compiled on Windows can run on Linux or Mac without any changes

Circuit breaker pattern is a design pattern used in cloud platforms to prevent cascading failures.

• It is used to detect failures and prevent them from causing further damage

• It works by temporarily blocking requests to a service that is experiencing issues

• Once the service is back up, the circuit breaker allows requests to resume

• Examples include Netflix's Hystrix and AWS's Circuit Breaker

Service discovery is the process of automatically locating services in a network. Azure provides Azure Service Fabric for service discovery.

• Service discovery helps in locating services in a network without hardcoding their addresses.

• Azure Service Fabric provides a built-in service discovery mechanism.

• Service Fabric uses naming conventions and DNS resolution to discover services.

• Service Fabric also provides APIs for service discovery.

• Other tools for service discovery in Azure ...read more

Azure functions are event-driven, serverless compute solutions while worker processes are long-running processes.

• Azure functions are triggered by events such as HTTP requests, messages in a queue, or changes in a database.

• Worker processes are long-running processes that perform a specific task continuously.

• Azure functions are serverless, meaning that the infrastructure is managed by Azure.

• Worker processes require a server or virtual machine to run on.

• Azure functions are bille...read more

Answering questions related to financial accounting and auditing

• PBDD is calculated by subtracting direct costs from revenue

• Related party refers to a person or entity that has a close relationship with the company

• Contingent liabilities are potential liabilities that may arise in the future

• Audit adjustments are changes made to financial statements during the audit process

• They are done by identifying errors or omissions and making necessary adjustments

Java is a high-level programming language while C and C++ are low-level languages.

• Java is platform-independent, while C and C++ are platform-dependent.

• Java uses automatic memory management (garbage collection), while C and C++ require manual memory management.

• Java has built-in support for multithreading, while C and C++ require external libraries for multithreading.

• Java has a simpler syntax compared to C and C++.

• Java has a large standard library, while C and C++ have smaller ...read more

I cope with new terminologies by researching and seeking clarification. I adapt my communication style to meet the needs of different types of customers.

• Research new terminologies and concepts to gain understanding

• Seek clarification from colleagues or supervisors if needed

• Adapt communication style to meet the needs of different customers - be it technical or non-technical

• Practice active listening to understand customer requirements and preferences

Listen to their concerns, collaborate to find a solution, and prioritize based on business value.

• Listen actively to understand their concerns

• Collaborate with the team to find a solution that meets both the product owner's needs and the team's capabilities

• Prioritize based on business value and impact on the product

• Communicate transparently with the product owner and stakeholders throughout the process

• Be open to feedback and willing to adjust plans as needed

Ambassador pattern is a Kubernetes design pattern that allows for external access to services.

• It involves using a sidecar container to proxy requests from outside the cluster to the service.

• The sidecar container can handle tasks such as authentication and load balancing.

• It allows for decoupling of the service from the external access mechanism.

• Examples include the use of Ambassador and Istio as implementations of the pattern.

Considerations for managing millions of responses in a client-server application

• Implement efficient data storage and retrieval mechanisms, such as using a distributed database or caching

• Optimize network communication by minimizing unnecessary data transfer and using compression techniques

• Scale the server infrastructure horizontally to handle increased load, such as using load balancers and auto-scaling

• Implement asynchronous processing for time-consuming tasks to prevent block...read more

Accrued expenses are expenses that have been incurred but not yet paid, while accrued income is income that has been earned but not yet received.

• Accrued expenses are recorded as liabilities on the balance sheet, while accrued income is recorded as assets.

• Accrued expenses are typically associated with expenses such as salaries, interest, and taxes, while accrued income is typically associated with revenue such as interest income, rent, and royalties.

• Accrued expenses are recogn...read more

Oops concepts are the pillars of Java programming language.

• Encapsulation - wrapping data and methods into a single unit

• Inheritance - acquiring properties and behavior of parent class

• Polymorphism - ability of an object to take many forms

• Abstraction - hiding implementation details and showing only necessary information

Kafka is a distributed streaming platform used for building real-time data pipelines and streaming applications.

• Kafka is designed to handle high-throughput, fault-tolerant, and scalable real-time data streams.

• It allows for the publishing and subscribing to streams of records, similar to a message queue.

• Kafka is often used for log aggregation, stream processing, event sourcing, and real-time analytics.

• It provides durability and fault tolerance through replication of data acros...read more

Import and export involves the movement of goods and services across international borders.

• Import refers to bringing goods or services into a country from abroad.

• Export refers to sending goods or services to another country for sale or trade.

• Import and export activities are regulated by customs authorities and may involve tariffs, quotas, and other trade barriers.

• Examples of commonly imported goods include electronics, clothing, and automobiles.

• Examples of commonly exported g...read more

MongoDB supports various data design patterns for record references.

• MongoDB supports embedding documents within other documents.

• MongoDB also supports referencing documents from other collections.

• The choice between embedding and referencing depends on the data access patterns.

• Embedding is preferred for one-to-one and one-to-many relationships.

• Referencing is preferred for many-to-many relationships.

• MongoDB also supports denormalization for performance optimization.

Abstract classes are used to provide a common interface for its subclasses.

• Abstract classes cannot be instantiated, only extended.

• They can contain abstract and non-abstract methods.

• They are useful for creating a hierarchy of classes with shared methods and properties.

• They can also be used to enforce certain behaviors in subclasses.

• Example: Animal is an abstract class with abstract methods like eat() and non-abstract methods like sleep().

• Subclasses like Dog and Cat can extend ...read more

Use authentication, authorization, encryption, input validation, and monitoring to ensure API security in .NET.

• Implement authentication mechanisms like OAuth or JWT to verify the identity of clients accessing the API.

• Use authorization to control access to different parts of the API based on user roles and permissions.

• Encrypt sensitive data transmitted over the API using protocols like HTTPS.

• Validate and sanitize input data to prevent injection attacks like SQL injection or cr...read more

Trade finance involves financing international trade transactions, mitigating risks, and facilitating the movement of goods.

• Trade finance includes various financial instruments such as letters of credit, bank guarantees, and documentary collections.

• It helps in managing risks associated with international trade such as currency fluctuations, political instability, and credit risks.

• Trade finance also involves providing working capital to businesses involved in international tra...read more

Designing an inhouse data cataloguing tool using open source technologies

• Identify the data sources and types to be catalogued

• Choose a metadata schema and define the attributes to be captured

• Select an open source tool for metadata management, such as Apache Atlas or Metacat

• Integrate the tool with the data sources and automate metadata capture

• Implement a search and discovery interface for users to access the catalogued data

Cycle count is a method of inventory auditing where a small subset of inventory is counted on a regular basis to ensure accuracy.

• Cycle count involves counting a small portion of inventory on a regular basis, rather than doing a full physical inventory count all at once.

• The period of ideal cycle count can vary depending on the size and nature of the inventory, but it is typically done daily, weekly, or monthly.

• The frequency of cycle counts should be determined based on the cri...read more

Design Azure architecture for ingesting data from on-prem SQL servers to Azure Gen 2 datalakes

• Create a virtual network to connect on-premises SQL servers to Azure

• Use Azure Data Factory to move data from on-premises SQL servers to Azure Data Lake Gen 2

• Use Azure Data Factory to schedule data ingestion jobs

• Use Azure Data Factory to transform data before ingestion

• Use Azure Data Factory to monitor data ingestion jobs

• Use Azure Data Factory to trigger alerts in case of job failures

Two-way matching in PTP involves matching invoice details with purchase order and goods receipt in SAP t.codes.

• Invoice details typically include vendor information, invoice number, invoice date, line items, quantities, prices, and total amount.

• PTP SAP t.codes for two-way matching may include ME21N (create purchase order), MIGO (goods receipt), and MIRO (invoice receipt).

• In two-way matching, the system compares the invoice against the purchase order to ensure quantities and pr...read more

Scaling the application involves optimizing performance, increasing capacity, and ensuring reliability.

• Implementing load balancing to distribute traffic evenly across multiple servers

• Using caching mechanisms to reduce database load and improve response times

• Utilizing horizontal scaling by adding more servers to handle increased traffic

• Optimizing database queries and indexes for faster data retrieval

• Implementing microservices architecture to break down the application into sma...read more

Data models are structures used to organize and store data in a database.

• Relational data model

• Object-oriented data model

• Hierarchical data model

• Network data model

• Document data model

Flutter applications can be built using Dart programming language and Flutter SDK.

• Install Flutter SDK and Dart programming language

• Choose an IDE like Android Studio or Visual Studio Code

• Create a new Flutter project

• Write code using Dart programming language

• Test and debug the application

• Build and deploy the application on various platforms

Query to display students record in ascending order of name and descending order of subject.

• Use ORDER BY clause to sort the records

• Specify ASC for name and DESC for subject in the ORDER BY clause

• Example: SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY name ASC, subject DESC

Build a digital stopwatch using HTML, CSS, and JS

• Create HTML structure with buttons for start, stop, and reset

• Use CSS to style the stopwatch display

• Implement JS logic to start, stop, and reset the stopwatch

A purchase order is a document issued by a buyer to a seller, indicating types, quantities, and agreed prices for products or services.

• It is a legally binding document

• It outlines the details of the products or services being purchased

• It includes quantities, prices, delivery dates, and terms of payment

• It serves as a record of the transaction between the buyer and seller

Maersk values include integrity, constant care, and a long-term perspective.

• Integrity: Maersk values honesty, transparency, and ethical behavior in all aspects of their business.

• Constant care: Maersk prioritizes the safety and well-being of their employees, customers, and the environment.

• Long-term perspective: Maersk focuses on sustainable growth and building lasting relationships with their stakeholders.

Find the largest subsequence in a given string.

• Iterate through the string and keep track of the current subsequence length

• Update the length when encountering a character that is greater than the previous character

• Return the longest subsequence found

I have 5 years of experience in accounting, including financial statement preparation and analysis.

• 5 years of experience in accounting

• Proficient in financial statement preparation

• Skilled in financial analysis

Shipping is the process of transporting goods from one place to another.

• Shipping involves packaging, labeling, and loading goods onto a carrier for transportation.

• Different modes of shipping include air, sea, rail, and road.

• Shipping can be done domestically or internationally.

• Examples of shipping companies include FedEx, UPS, and DHL.

Supply chain management involves the coordination and optimization of all activities involved in the production and distribution of goods.

• Involves planning, sourcing, manufacturing, and delivering products to customers

• Focuses on efficiency, cost reduction, and customer satisfaction

• Utilizes technology and data analysis to improve processes

• Examples include inventory management, transportation logistics, and supplier relationships

Inventory turnover ratio measures how many times a company sells and replaces its inventory during a period.

• It is calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold by the average inventory for the period.

• A high turnover ratio indicates efficient inventory management, while a low ratio may suggest overstocking or slow sales.

• For example, if a company has $1,000,000 in COGS and $200,000 average inventory, the turnover ratio would be 5.

Sustainability in supply chain involves reducing waste, using eco-friendly materials, and promoting ethical practices.

• Implementing green procurement policies

• Reducing carbon footprint through efficient transportation

• Promoting fair labor practices in supplier factories

• Using renewable energy sources in production

• Minimizing packaging waste through sustainable packaging solutions

Some of the new features in .Net 7 include performance improvements, new language features, and enhanced tooling.

• Performance improvements such as faster startup times and reduced memory usage

• New language features like records, top-level statements, and pattern matching enhancements

• Enhanced tooling with improved support for Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code

• Support for ARM64 architecture and WebAssembly

• Improved support for cloud-native applications and microservices

Microservices architecture using Docker containers and Kubernetes for scalability and flexibility.

• Utilizing microservices to break down the application into smaller, independent services

• Using Docker containers for easy deployment and scalability

• Leveraging Kubernetes for orchestration and management of containers

Familiarity with different Azure services is essential for a Software Engineer III role.

• Understanding of Azure Virtual Machines for scalable computing

• Knowledge of Azure Blob Storage for storing large amounts of unstructured data

• Experience with Azure Functions for serverless computing

• Familiarity with Azure SQL Database for relational database management

• Understanding of Azure Cognitive Services for AI and machine learning capabilities

Supply chain has multiple flows including physical flow, information flow, and financial flow.

• Physical flow involves the movement of goods from suppliers to customers.

• Information flow includes communication between various stakeholders in the supply chain.

• Financial flow pertains to the transfer of payments and transactions within the supply chain.

• Other flows may include reverse flow for returns and recycling, as well as demand flow for forecasting and planning.

Relocation favourability is subjective and depends on individual circumstances.

• Relocation favourability varies from person to person based on factors such as personal preferences, family situation, career opportunities, and financial considerations.

• Some individuals may be open to relocation for better job prospects or a change of scenery, while others may prefer to stay rooted in their current location.

• Factors like proximity to family and friends, quality of life, cost of liv...read more

Throttling is the process of limiting the amount of data or requests that can be sent or received within a certain period of time.

• Throttling is used to prevent overload on servers or networks.

• It can be implemented through software or hardware.

• Examples include API rate limiting and internet service providers limiting bandwidth.

• Throttling can also be used to intentionally slow down certain processes or devices to conserve energy or prevent overheating.

AP procedure refers to the process of managing accounts payable, including receiving, verifying, and recording invoices for payment.

• Receiving invoices from vendors

• Verifying the accuracy of invoices

• Recording invoices in the accounting system

• Processing payments to vendors

• Reconciling accounts payable with vendor statements

Decorator in Python is a design pattern that allows adding new functionality to an existing object without modifying its structure.

• Decorators are functions that take another function as an argument and extend its behavior without explicitly modifying it.

• They are commonly used to add logging, timing, caching, or authentication to functions.

• Syntax for using decorators in Python involves using the @ symbol followed by the decorator function name above the function definition.

• Exa...read more

yield is a keyword in Python used in generator functions to return a value without terminating the function

• yield is used in generator functions to produce a series of values over time

• When a generator function is called, it returns an iterator object but does not start execution immediately

• Each time the yield statement is reached, the function's state is saved, and the value is returned to the caller

• Execution of the function is paused until the next call to the generator's __n...read more

Object Oriented Programming is a programming paradigm that uses objects to design applications.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data together.

• Inheritance: Creating new classes based on existing classes.

• Polymorphism: Using a single interface to represent different data types or objects.

• Real life example: Creating a car class with properties like speed and methods like accelerate.

Linear data structures have elements arranged in a sequential order, while non-linear data structures have elements connected in a non-sequential manner.

• Linear data structures include arrays, linked lists, queues, and stacks.

• Non-linear data structures include trees, graphs, and heaps.

• Linear data structures have a single path to traverse elements, while non-linear data structures have multiple paths.

CTC is designed for employees based on their role, experience, market standards, and company budget.

• CTC includes salary, bonuses, benefits, and allowances.

• It is designed to attract and retain talent.

• Factors like industry, location, and competition are considered.

• CTC may vary for different levels of employees within the same company.

• Negotiation skills and market demand also play a role in CTC design.

Components of a salary slip include basic salary, allowances, deductions, bonuses, and net salary.

• Basic salary

• Allowances (such as housing allowance, transport allowance)

• Deductions (such as tax, insurance premiums)

• Bonuses (such as performance bonus)

• Net salary (total amount received after deductions)

Assignments at Accenture vary depending on the specific role and project, but may include data analysis, project management, client communication, and process improvement.

• Data analysis: Analyzing large datasets to identify trends and insights.

• Project management: Coordinating tasks and timelines to ensure project success.

• Client communication: Interacting with clients to understand their needs and provide updates on project progress.

• Process improvement: Identifying inefficienci...read more

The happy flow of invoice processing refers to the smooth and successful processing of invoices without any issues or delays.

• Ensure all necessary information is accurately entered into the system

• Verify the accuracy of the invoice details before processing

• Obtain necessary approvals before proceeding with payment

• Ensure timely payment to vendors to maintain good relationships

• Regularly reconcile invoices with financial records to avoid discrepancies

Horizontal scaling involves adding more machines to distribute load, while vertical scaling involves increasing the power of existing machines.

• Horizontal scaling adds more machines to handle increased load

• Vertical scaling increases the power of existing machines

• Horizontal scaling is more cost-effective and easier to implement

• Vertical scaling may have limitations in terms of hardware capabilities

• Examples: Horizontal scaling - adding more servers to a web application cluster, V...read more

Load balancer distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers, while API gateway manages API traffic.

• Load balancer operates at the network layer, distributing traffic based on algorithms like round-robin or least connections.

• API gateway operates at the application layer, providing features like authentication, rate limiting, and caching for APIs.

• Load balancer can balance traffic for any type of application, while API gateway is specifically designed for managing ...read more

Performance management involves setting goals, monitoring progress, providing feedback, and evaluating results to improve employee performance.

• Setting clear and specific goals for employees to achieve

• Regularly monitoring progress towards those goals

• Providing feedback and coaching to help employees improve

• Conducting performance evaluations to assess results and identify areas for development

• Using performance data to make decisions about promotions, bonuses, or training opportu...read more

Implemented a new customer service system resulting in a 30% increase in customer satisfaction.

• Developed a comprehensive training program for customer service representatives

• Implemented a new ticketing system to track and resolve customer issues

• Established a feedback loop to gather customer feedback and make improvements

• Created a knowledge base for frequently asked questions to improve response time

• Offered personalized solutions to customers to address their specific needs

• Exa...read more

The current project follows a microservices architecture.

• The project is divided into multiple small services that communicate with each other through APIs.

• Each service is responsible for a specific functionality.

• The services are deployed independently and can be scaled as per the demand.

• The project uses Docker containers for easy deployment and management.

• The communication between services is secured using HTTPS protocol.

• The project uses a message broker for asynchronous comm...read more

KPI stands for Key Performance Indicator in HR, which are measurable values that demonstrate how effectively an organization is achieving its key business objectives.

• KPIs help HR professionals track and measure progress towards specific goals and objectives

• They provide insight into the performance of HR initiatives and strategies

• Examples of HR KPIs include employee turnover rate, time to fill vacancies, training hours per employee, and employee engagement scores

IFRS stands for International Financial Reporting Standards, which are a set of accounting standards developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

• IFRS are used by companies to prepare and present their financial statements.

• IFRS are designed to provide a common language for business affairs so that company accounts are understandable and comparable across international boundaries.

• IFRS cover a wide range of topics, including revenue recognition, financial in...read more

Python program to count the frequency of words in a given text

• Use the split() method to split the text into words

• Create a dictionary to store the word frequencies

• Iterate through the words and update the dictionary accordingly

Lifetime scopes in .Net refer to the lifespan of objects managed by a dependency injection container.

• Lifetime scopes define how long an object should exist within the container

• Common lifetime scopes include transient, singleton, scoped

• Transient objects are created each time they are requested

• Singleton objects are created once and reused for the lifetime of the application

• Scoped objects are created once per request or scope

Design a scalable system like Instagram for sharing photos and videos

• Use a distributed architecture with multiple servers for handling user uploads, storage, and retrieval

• Implement a content delivery network (CDN) for fast delivery of media content to users worldwide

• Utilize a database system for storing user data, media metadata, and relationships between users and content

• Incorporate caching mechanisms to improve performance and reduce load on the database

• Implement a notifica...read more

My strength is my ability to lead and motivate a team. My weakness is my tendency to be too detail-oriented.

• Strength: I have experience leading teams and have a knack for motivating individuals to work towards a common goal.

• Weakness: I tend to get caught up in the details and can sometimes lose sight of the bigger picture. I am working on delegating tasks more effectively to avoid this.

AR procedure refers to the process of managing accounts receivable, including invoicing, tracking payments, and following up on overdue accounts.

• AR procedure starts with sending invoices to customers for goods or services provided.

• It involves tracking payments received and reconciling them with the invoices issued.

• Follow-up on overdue accounts is a crucial part of AR procedure to ensure timely payment.

• AR procedure may also involve issuing credit memos or refunds for returned ...read more

Database sharding is a method of splitting and distributing a database across multiple servers to improve performance and scalability.

• Sharding involves dividing a database into smaller, more manageable parts called shards.

• Each shard contains a subset of the data, allowing for parallel processing and improved performance.

• Sharding helps distribute the workload across multiple servers, reducing the burden on individual servers.

• Examples of sharding include partitioning a database...read more

A cycle count is a method of inventory auditing where a small subset of inventory is counted on a continuous basis.

• Cycle counts are typically performed on a regular basis to ensure inventory accuracy.

• It involves counting a specific number of items in a specific location at a specific time.

• Cycle counts help identify discrepancies between actual inventory levels and recorded inventory levels.

• Unlike traditional physical inventory counts, cycle counts are ongoing and do not requi...read more

Minimum Wages Act is a legislation that sets the minimum wage that must be paid to workers in various industries.

• The Minimum Wages Act aims to prevent exploitation of labor by ensuring fair wages.

• It provides for fixing minimum rates of wages in certain employments.

• Employers are required to pay at least the minimum wage set by the Act to their employees.

• The Act also covers issues such as working hours, overtime pay, and wage payment frequency.

• Example: In India, the Minimum Wag...read more

General rule of accounting is the principle that financial transactions should be recorded accurately and consistently.

• The general rule of accounting is to follow the principles of consistency, accuracy, and transparency.

• Transactions should be recorded in a timely manner to reflect the true financial position of the company.

• Accounting standards such as GAAP and IFRS provide guidelines for following the general rule of accounting.

• Examples include recording revenue when it is e...read more

HLOOKUP and VLOOKUP are Excel functions used to search for a value in a table and return a corresponding value.

• HLOOKUP searches for a value in the first row of a table and returns a value in the same column from a specified row.

• VLOOKUP searches for a value in the first column of a table and returns a value in the same row from a specified column.

• HLOOKUP is used for horizontal lookup, while VLOOKUP is used for vertical lookup.

• Both functions are commonly used for data analysis ...read more

Main components in a Main Switchboard (MSB) include circuit breakers, busbars, fuses, meters, and control switches.

• Circuit breakers: protect electrical circuits from overloads and short circuits

• Busbars: conductors that distribute electrical power within the MSB

• Fuses: protect circuits from overcurrents by melting when the current exceeds a certain level

• Meters: measure electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and power

• Control switches: used to manually control the flow o...read more

I am currently located in New York City.

• New York City

• Manhattan

• East Coast