L&T Technology Services Senior Engineer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

On Hackerearth. 2 coding questions from C programming and data structures.

Q1. Explain structure padding
Ans. 
Structure padding is the insertion of unused bytes between the members of a structure to align them in memory.
• Padding is added to ensure that each member of the structure is aligned on a memory boundary that is a multiple of its size.

• Padding is added by the compiler automatically.

• Padding can affect the size of the structure and the performance of the program.

• Example: struct example { char a; int b; char c; }; The size ...read more
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Q2. Explain dynamic memory allocation with example
Ans. 
Dynamic memory allocation is the process of allocating memory during runtime.
• Memory is allocated using functions like malloc(), calloc(), and realloc()

• The allocated memory can be resized or freed using realloc() and free() functions

• Example: int *ptr = (int*) malloc(5 * sizeof(int));

• This allocates memory for 5 integers and returns a pointer to the first integer
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Q3. Explain memory layout in C
Ans. 
Memory layout in C refers to the organization of memory in a C program.
• Memory is divided into four segments: stack, heap, data, and code

• Stack stores local variables and function calls

• Heap stores dynamically allocated memory

• Data stores global and static variables

• Code stores the program instructions

• Memory layout can be visualized using a memory map
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Q4. What are static and extern modifiers
Ans. 
Static and extern are C++ modifiers used to control the scope and lifetime of variables and functions.
• Static modifier is used to declare variables and functions that retain their values and scope throughout the program execution.

• Extern modifier is used to declare variables and functions that are defined in another file or module.

• Static variables are initialized only once and retain their values between function calls.

• E...read more
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Q5. What are pointers? explain pass by reference
Ans. 
Pointers are variables that store memory addresses. Pass by reference allows a function to modify the original variable.
• Pointers store memory addresses

• Pass by reference allows a function to modify the original variable

• Example: int* ptr = # // ptr stores the memory address of num

• Example: void modify(int* ptr) { *ptr = 10; } // modifies the value of the variable pointed to by ptr
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Q1. Lab support testing and Validation
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Q1. Basic C programming concepts like DMA, structures, unions, storage classes, pointers
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Q2. Embedded protocols like UART, SPI and I2C
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Q1. Tell us about pass experience
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Q1. Define various SQL queries and some questions on data management
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Q1. What are your expectations
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