200+ Senior Civil Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Reinforcement is provided in column to increase its load-bearing capacity and prevent failure due to compression.

• Reinforcement helps to resist bending and shear forces in the column.

• It also helps to prevent buckling and reduces the risk of collapse.

• The amount and type of reinforcement used depends on the size and height of the column.

• For example, a taller and thinner column may require more reinforcement than a shorter and thicker one.

The accepted rolling margin value for 8mm to 10mm steel rods varies depending on the specific project requirements and industry standards.

• The accepted rolling margin value can range from 2% to 5%.

• It is important to consult project specifications and industry guidelines for the specific rolling margin value.

• For example, if the rolling margin value is set at 3%, a 10mm steel rod could have a diameter between 9.7mm and 10.3mm.

• The rolling margin value ensures that the steel rods ...read more

Yes, safety is a top priority at L&T and there are strict safety rules in place.

• L&T has a comprehensive safety policy that covers all aspects of their operations.

• All employees are required to undergo safety training and follow safety protocols.

• Regular safety audits are conducted to ensure compliance with safety rules.

• Personal protective equipment is provided to employees and its use is mandatory in hazardous areas.

• Safety is integrated into the design and construction of all p...read more

The estimated cost of 100ft x 100ft office with vitrified tiling, false ceiling, and furniture for 20 people.

• The cost of vitrified tiling varies depending on the quality and design chosen.

• False ceiling cost depends on the type of material used and the complexity of the design.

• Office furniture cost varies based on the type and quality of furniture selected.

• The estimated cost can range from $50,000 to $100,000 or more depending on the above factors.

We follow a comprehensive quality control plan that includes regular inspections, testing, and documentation.

• Develop and implement a quality control plan

• Conduct regular inspections and testing

• Document all quality control activities

• Ensure compliance with industry standards and regulations

• Provide training to staff on quality control procedures

The sequence of activities for aluminium (mivan) structure construction involves several steps.

• Preparing the site and marking the layout

• Constructing the foundation and footings

• Erecting the aluminium formwork panels

• Fixing reinforcement bars and embedment items

• Pouring concrete into the formwork

• Curing the concrete

• Stripping the formwork

• Finishing and cleaning the structure

Epoxy flooring is a durable and long-lasting flooring solution made of epoxy resin and hardener.

• The surface is prepared by cleaning and etching

• The epoxy mixture is applied using a roller or squeegee

• A second coat may be applied after the first coat has cured

• The surface is left to cure for 24-72 hours

• Optional: a topcoat may be applied for added durability and shine

The basic concept for construction of a substation involves site selection, design, equipment installation, and commissioning.

• Site selection involves identifying a suitable location for the substation based on factors such as proximity to power sources and load centers.

• Design involves creating a plan for the substation layout, including the placement of equipment such as transformers, switchgear, and control systems.

• Equipment installation involves the physical installation of...read more

Various types of formwork have been used in my recently worked companies, including timber formwork, steel formwork, and aluminum formwork.

• Timber formwork is commonly used for small to medium-sized projects due to its cost-effectiveness and flexibility.

• Steel formwork is preferred for large and complex structures due to its durability and reusability.

• Aluminum formwork is lightweight and easy to handle, making it suitable for fast-track construction projects.

The maximum pouring of concrete per day depends on various factors such as project requirements, equipment availability, and workforce.

• The maximum pouring of concrete per day is determined by the project specifications and schedule.

• Factors such as the size and complexity of the project, weather conditions, and the availability of equipment and manpower play a significant role in determining the maximum pouring capacity.

• For large-scale projects with ample resources, it is poss...read more

A Permit To Work system is a formal process to control high-risk activities in the workplace.

• It ensures that proper precautions are taken before starting any work that could potentially be hazardous.

• It involves obtaining a permit from a designated authority before commencing work.

• The permit outlines the specific tasks, hazards, safety measures, and duration of the work.

• Different types of work permits include hot work permits, confined space permits, electrical work permits, e...read more

The materials required in 1m3 of plastering mortar include cement, sand, and water.

• Cement is typically used in the ratio of 1:4 for plastering mortar.

• Sand is used in the ratio of 3-4 times the amount of cement used.

• Water is added as needed to achieve the desired consistency.

• For example, for 1m3 of plastering mortar, you may need 0.25m3 of cement, 1m3 of sand, and water as needed.

Quality aspects for good quality of concrete include proper mix design, adequate curing, and testing.

• Proper mix design with appropriate proportions of cement, aggregates, and water

• Adequate curing to ensure strength development and prevent cracking

• Testing of concrete for compressive strength, workability, and durability

• Use of quality materials and proper construction practices

• Regular inspection and maintenance of concrete structures

The thickness for outer and inner walls plastering typically ranges from 12mm to 20mm.

• The thickness of plastering for outer walls is usually around 15mm to 20mm.

• The thickness of plastering for inner walls is typically around 12mm to 15mm.

• The thickness may vary based on the type of wall surface and the desired finish.

• It is important to ensure proper curing and finishing for a durable and aesthetically pleasing result.

The number of workers for 1 cum concrete depends on the project timeline and equipment used. Binding wire requirement for 1MT reinforcement depends on the binding pattern. Negotiation while procuring materials varies based on market conditions and project requirements.

• The number of workers for 1 cum concrete can range from 4 to 10, depending on factors like project timeline, equipment used, and labor efficiency.

• Binding wire requirement for 1MT reinforcement depends on the bin...read more

If concrete cube fails after 28 days of casting, investigate the cause and take corrective measures.

• Investigate the cause of failure

• Check if the mix design was correct

• Check if the curing was done properly

• Take corrective measures to prevent future failures

• Re-cast the concrete cube for further testing

Materials commonly used for making clean room areas include partition walls, coving, and specialized flooring.

• Partition walls in clean rooms are typically made of materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, or composite panels.

• Coving, which is the curved transition between the wall and floor, is often made of materials like PVC or stainless steel.

• Clean room flooring can be made of materials such as epoxy resin, vinyl, or rubber, which are easy to clean and maintain.

• Other mat...read more

The weight of a 12 mm steel bar per meter depends on the density of steel.

• The weight of a steel bar can be calculated using the formula: weight = volume × density

• The volume of a steel bar can be calculated using the formula: volume = π × (diameter/2)^2 × length

• The density of steel is approximately 7850 kg/m^3

• To calculate the weight of a 12 mm steel bar per meter, substitute the values into the formulas

Accountability is the responsibility to answer for one's actions, while productivity is the measure of efficiency and output in achieving goals.

• Accountability refers to being answerable for one's actions, decisions, and performance.

• It involves taking ownership of tasks and outcomes, and being transparent and responsible.

• Productivity is the measure of how efficiently and effectively work is completed.

• It focuses on achieving goals and delivering results in a timely manner.

• Accou...read more

The number of concrete blocks required for 100sft depends on the size of the blocks and the thickness of the wall being built.

• The number of concrete blocks needed can be calculated by dividing the total area (100sft) by the area of one block.

• The size of the concrete block and the thickness of the wall will determine the number of blocks needed.

• For example, if each concrete block is 1ft x 1ft and the wall is 4 inches thick, you would need 100 blocks for 100sft area.

The mix proportion of plastering mortar typically consists of 1 part cement to 3-4 parts sand.

• The mix proportion of plastering mortar is usually 1:3 or 1:4 (cement:sand)

• The mix can also include lime to improve workability and durability

• Water is added to achieve the desired consistency for application

• Example: A common mix proportion for plastering mortar is 1 part cement, 3 parts sand, and water as needed

The question covers topics related to civil engineering such as tiles, mortar, and steel weight.

• Types of tiles commonly used in civil engineering

• Mortar ratios for dado tiles and flooring

• Unit weight of steel per meter

• Importance of using appropriate materials in construction

To start block work, first prepare the surface and layout the blocks. To check quality, ensure levelness, alignment, and proper mortar joints.

• Prepare the surface by cleaning and dampening it.

• Layout the blocks according to the design and mark the corners.

• Check for levelness and alignment using a spirit level and string lines.

• Ensure proper mortar joints by using the correct mix and thickness.

• Check for any cracks or damage in the blocks before starting work.

• After completion, che...read more

M20 is a concrete mix ratio, beams are structural elements, one-way slab supports load in one direction, two-way slab supports load in two directions, cofferdam is a temporary structure, and there are various tests for concrete.

• M20 is a concrete mix ratio of 1:1.5:3 (cement:sand:aggregate)

• Beams are horizontal structural elements that support vertical loads

• One-way slab is a slab that supports load in one direction, like a bridge deck

• Two-way slab is a slab that supports load in...read more

The deviation in compressive strength of concrete cube depends on various factors.

• The deviation can be affected by factors such as the quality of materials used, curing conditions, testing procedures, and age of concrete.

• The standard deviation of compressive strength for a set of 6 cubes is generally considered to be around 5-10% of the average strength.

• The deviation can also be influenced by the size and shape of the cube, as well as the location from where the sample is tak...read more

Various types of soils include clay, sand, silt, peat, and loam.

• Clay: fine-grained soil that is sticky when wet and hard when dry

• Sand: coarse-grained soil with large particles that drain well

• Silt: medium-grained soil with properties between clay and sand

• Peat: organic soil made up of decomposed plant material

• Loam: a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay that is ideal for plant growth

The 10 mm steel bar per meter refers to the weight of a 10 mm diameter steel bar per meter length.

• The weight of a steel bar per meter length depends on its diameter.

• The weight can be calculated using the formula: weight = (diameter^2) * 0.00617, where diameter is in millimeters.

• For a 10 mm steel bar, the weight per meter would be approximately 0.617 kg.

Concrete requirement for slab is calculated by multiplying the area of the slab with the thickness of the slab.

• Calculate the area of the slab by multiplying the length and width of the slab.

• Determine the thickness of the slab.

• Multiply the area of the slab with the thickness to get the concrete requirement.

• Add an additional 10-15% to the total concrete requirement for wastage and spillage.

• Consider the type of concrete mix and reinforcement required for the slab.

• Example: For a ...read more

The maximum required water cement ratio for M25 and M30 concrete varies depending on the specific project requirements and design considerations.

• The water cement ratio is an important factor in determining the strength and durability of concrete.

• For M25 concrete, the maximum water cement ratio typically ranges from 0.55 to 0.6.

• For M30 concrete, the maximum water cement ratio is usually around 0.45 to 0.5.

• The water cement ratio should be carefully controlled to ensure the desi...read more

The right procedure to start work as a Senior Civil Engineer involves planning, communication, and safety measures.

• Review project plans and specifications

• Communicate with team members and stakeholders

• Ensure safety measures are in place

• Assign tasks and responsibilities

• Establish timelines and deadlines

• Monitor progress and adjust plans as needed

Investigate potential causes such as improper mix design, curing conditions, or testing errors.

• Check mix design for proper proportions of cement, aggregates, and water.

• Ensure proper curing conditions such as temperature and moisture levels.

• Verify testing procedures and equipment for accuracy and consistency.

• Consider environmental factors like temperature and humidity during curing process.

• Consult with concrete suppliers or experts for advice on improving strength.

• Perform addi...read more

Single Line Diagram of Substation is a graphical representation of electrical distribution system in a substation.

• It shows the electrical components and their connections in a simplified manner

• It helps in understanding the flow of power and voltage levels in the system

• It is used for planning, designing, and maintenance of the substation

• It includes information about transformers, circuit breakers, busbars, and other equipment

• It is an important tool for ensuring safety and reli...read more

Execution of MS line, DI line, HDPE line involves proper planning, material selection, installation, and testing.

• Plan the layout and route of the lines based on project requirements and specifications.

• Select appropriate materials such as MS, DI, or HDPE based on factors like pressure rating, corrosion resistance, and cost.

• Ensure proper installation of the lines including welding, jointing, and fittings.

• Conduct pressure testing and leak testing to ensure the lines are function...read more

The mesh used in plastering is called plaster mesh or stucco mesh.

• Plaster mesh is made of galvanized metal or fiberglass.

• It is used to reinforce plaster or stucco on walls and ceilings.

• The mesh helps prevent cracking and improves the durability of the plaster.

• Plaster mesh is available in different sizes and shapes depending on the application.

• Examples of plaster mesh include diamond mesh, rib lath, and corner bead.

As a site incharge, project work coordination can be achieved through effective communication, delegation, and monitoring.

• Establish clear communication channels with all stakeholders involved in the project

• Delegate tasks and responsibilities to team members based on their strengths and expertise

• Monitor progress regularly and make adjustments as necessary

• Ensure that all work is completed on time and within budget

• Maintain accurate records and documentation of all project activi...read more

FHTC stands for Flexible High Temperature Cable. To install connection for tap, follow these steps:

• Turn off the water supply to the tap

• Remove the existing tap connection

• Clean the area around the tap connection

• Apply plumber's tape to the threaded end of the tap connection

• Insert the tap connection into the water supply line

• Tighten the connection using a wrench

• Turn on the water supply and check for any leaks

I will remain calm, assess the situation, ensure safety of all personnel, and take necessary actions to address the mishap.

• Remain calm and composed to think clearly

• Assess the situation to understand the extent of the mishap

• Ensure safety of all personnel at the site

• Take necessary actions to address the mishap such as calling emergency services or implementing safety protocols

• Investigate the root cause to prevent future accidents

Yes, there are codes for concrete, batching plant, and reinforcement in civil engineering.

• Codes for concrete include ACI 318, Eurocode 2, and BS 8110.

• Codes for batching plant include ASTM C94 and ACI 304R.

• Codes for reinforcement include ACI 318, Eurocode 2, and BS 8666.

• These codes provide guidelines and standards for design, construction, and quality control in civil engineering projects.

Concrete cubes are casted at regular intervals to ensure quality control.

• The frequency of casting concrete cube depends on the project specifications and requirements.

• Generally, cubes are casted at 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days after pouring the concrete.

• The cubes are tested for compressive strength to ensure the concrete meets the required standards.

• If the cubes fail to meet the required strength, corrective measures are taken to improve the quality of the concrete.

PEB components are pre-engineered building components that are manufactured off-site and assembled on-site.

• PEB components include primary framing, secondary framing, roof and wall panels, and accessories.

• Primary framing consists of columns, rafters, and beams that support the weight of the building.

• Secondary framing includes purlins, girts, and eave struts that provide additional support for the roof and walls.

• Roof and wall panels are the outermost layer of the building and p...read more

Cement is composed of limestone, clay, silica, iron ore, and gypsum. Reinforcement materials include steel and fiberglass.

• Cement composition: limestone, clay, silica, iron ore, gypsum

• Reinforcement materials: steel, fiberglass

Cracks between column and brick wall can be caused by various factors.

• Differential settlement between the column and the wall

• Thermal expansion and contraction of the materials

• Inadequate reinforcement or poor construction practices

• Excessive loading or vibrations

• Moisture infiltration and freeze-thaw cycles

• Chemical reactions between the materials

• Age and deterioration of the materials

• Design flaws or inadequate detailing

Factors affecting safety at site include human error, equipment failure, weather conditions, and lack of training.

• Human error such as negligence, carelessness, and lack of attention to detail

• Equipment failure due to poor maintenance or malfunction

• Weather conditions such as rain, snow, or extreme heat

• Lack of training or experience in handling equipment or performing tasks

• Inadequate safety measures or procedures

• Poor communication among workers or between workers and management

• E...read more

Concrete grades are classified based on their compressive strength. Mix designs vary based on the grade required.

• Concrete grades range from M5 to M80, with M representing mix and the number representing compressive strength in MPa.

• Mix designs include proportions of cement, aggregates, water, and admixtures to achieve desired strength and workability.

• For example, M20 grade concrete typically has a mix design of 1:1.5:3 (cement: sand: aggregates) with water-cement ratio of 0.5.

Prior checking before flooring work

• Ensure the surface is clean and free of debris

• Check for any cracks or unevenness in the subfloor

• Verify that the moisture content of the subfloor is within acceptable limits

• Confirm that the subfloor is level and flat

• Inspect the flooring material for any defects or damage

The lap length of a column is the length of overlap between two reinforcing bars.

• The lap length is determined by the diameter of the bars and the strength of the concrete.

• It is important to ensure that the lap length is sufficient to transfer the load from one bar to the other.

• The lap length can vary depending on the type of column and the design requirements.

• For example, in a reinforced concrete column, the lap length may be between 40 to 60 times the diameter of the bar.

• In ...read more

The process of residential building involves planning, design, construction, and finishing.

• 1. Planning phase includes site selection, zoning regulations, and obtaining permits.

• 2. Design phase involves creating architectural and structural plans.

• 3. Construction phase includes site preparation, foundation laying, framing, and finishing work.

• 4. Finishing phase includes interior design, landscaping, and final inspections.

• 5. Each phase requires coordination between architects, eng...read more