Karvy Innotech Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

OSPF is a link-state routing protocol that uses Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate the shortest path to a destination network.

• OSPF routers exchange link-state advertisements (LSAs) to build a complete topology of the network.

• Each router calculates the shortest path to every network using Dijkstra's algorithm.

• OSPF uses cost as its metric, which is based on the bandwidth of the link.

• OSPF supports multiple areas, which red...read more

BGP is a routing protocol used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems.

• BGP uses TCP as its transport protocol.

• It operates on a hop-by-hop basis, meaning that it only exchanges routing information with its directly connected neighbors.

• BGP uses path attributes to determine the best path for a given destination.

• BGP can be used for both IPv4 and IPv6 routing.

• BGP is commonly used by Internet Ser...read more

Copper twisted pair can be checked using a cable tester to ensure proper connectivity and identify any faults.

• Use a cable tester to check for continuity and proper wiring

• Check for any faults such as shorts, opens, or miswires

• Verify that the cable meets the required specifications for the network

• Perform a loopback test to ensure that data can be transmitted and received properly

Identifying leased line modem fault

• Check if the modem is powered on and all cables are properly connected

• Check the modem's status lights for any abnormalities

• Perform loopback tests to check for connectivity issues

• Check the modem's configuration settings

• Replace the modem if all other troubleshooting steps fail

To find the reliability of a link on Cisco routers, use the show interface command.

• Log in to the Cisco router using the console or Telnet/SSH.

• Enter the command 'show interface' to display the status of all interfaces on the router.

• Look for the 'input errors' and 'output errors' fields to determine the reliability of the link.

• If there are a high number of errors, the link may be unreliable and require troubleshooting.

• Ot...read more

Understanding the roles of phase, neutral, and ground in an electrical plug is crucial for safety and functionality.

• Phase: Carries the current to the load; typically connected to the live wire.

• Neutral: Completes the circuit by carrying current away; usually connected to the ground at the main panel.

• Ground: Provides a safety path for electricity; prevents shock by directing excess current to the earth.

• Example: In a stan...read more

A MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on a network.

• MAC stands for Media Access Control

• It is a 12-digit hexadecimal number separated by colons or dashes

• Used to identify devices on a network at the data link layer of the OSI model

The OSI model consists of seven layers that define the different functions of a network communication system.

• Physical layer: Deals with the physical connection between devices (e.g. cables, switches)

• Data link layer: Manages data transfer between devices on the same network (e.g. Ethernet)

• Network layer: Handles routing and forwarding of data packets (e.g. IP)

• Transport layer: Ensures reliable data transfer between device...read more