70+ Claritus Management Consulting Interview Questions and Answers

Answering managerial questions for Tech Lead position

• For past issue, explain the problem and how you identified it

• Describe the mitigation strategy and its effectiveness

• For non-compliant code, assess the impact and prioritize fixes

• Communicate the issue to stakeholders and plan for a fix

• For looking to switch, explain the reasons and how it aligns with career goals

NGRX is a state management library for Angular applications.

• NGRX is inspired by Redux, a predictable state container for JavaScript apps.

• It helps manage the state of an Angular application in a centralized and predictable way.

• NGRX consists of actions, reducers, selectors, and effects to manage state changes.

• It allows for a unidirectional data flow in Angular applications.

• NGRX can be used to handle complex state management scenarios in large Angular applications.

We will prioritize client requirements and continuously communicate with them to ensure their expectations are met.

• Regularly review and prioritize client requirements

• Frequent communication with clients to ensure their expectations are met

• Adapt to changes in client requirements through continuous feedback

• Deliver working software frequently to demonstrate progress

• Collaborate with clients to ensure their needs are understood and met

Libraries for electrical and instrumentation requirements can be created by following a structured approach.

• Identify the requirements and specifications of the library

• Design the library structure and components

• Develop and test the library

• Document the library for ease of use and maintenance

• Continuously update and improve the library based on feedback and changes in requirements

• Examples: National Instruments LabVIEW libraries, Arduino libraries

List and Tuple differences, ordering, indexing, and iteration

• List is mutable, Tuple is immutable

• Lists are ordered and indexed starting from 0, Tuples are also ordered but indexed starting from 0

• Iterating through a List: for item in my_list: print(item)

• Iterating through a Tuple: for item in my_tuple: print(item)

In COBOL, parm parameters can be accepted using the ACCEPT statement. The declaration structure includes the PICTURE clause.

• Use ACCEPT statement to accept parm parameter in COBOL

• Declare parm parameter using PICTURE clause in COBOL

• Example: ACCEPT parm-parameter

• Example: 01 parm-parameter PIC X(10)

We use MySQL and MongoDB for our project.

• MySQL is used for structured data storage and querying.

• MongoDB is used for unstructured data storage and retrieval.

• We also use Redis for caching purposes.

• Our project involves handling large amounts of data, hence the need for multiple databases.

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common problems in software design. Examples include Singleton, Factory, and Observer.

• Design patterns are solutions to common problems in software design

• They help in creating reusable and maintainable code

• Examples include Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Strategy patterns

UNIX shell scripting is a command-line interface used to automate tasks. PLSQL packages/procedures are used to store and execute SQL code.

• UNIX shell scripting is used to automate repetitive tasks and can be used to create complex scripts.

• PLSQL packages/procedures are used to store and execute SQL code, making it easier to manage and reuse code.

• Shell scripts can be used to automate tasks such as backups, file management, and system monitoring.

• PLSQL packages/procedures can be u...read more

Factors to consider while changing copybook

• Ensure that all programs using the copybook are updated

• Check for any impact on data structures and variables

• Verify if any changes are required in the calling programs

• Ensure that the copybook is backward compatible

• Test thoroughly before deploying the changes

ViewResult is used to render a view, while ActionResult can return different types of results. Data can be passed using ViewBag, ViewData, or Model.

• ViewResult is specific to rendering views, while ActionResult can return different types of results like JSON or file downloads

• Data can be passed to views using ViewBag, ViewData, or Model

• Example: return View(model); vs return Json(data);

You can sort fields in a GDG version by using the SORT statement in JCL.

• Use the SORT statement in JCL to sort fields in a GDG version.

• Specify the fields to be sorted and the comparison criteria in the SORT statement.

• Example: SORT FIELDS=(1,10,CH,A)

Remove duplicates from a list

• Convert list to set to remove duplicates

• Use a loop to iterate through the list and remove duplicates

• Use list comprehension to create a new list without duplicates

Sort an array without using data structures

• Use a sorting algorithm like bubble sort or insertion sort

• Compare adjacent elements and swap them if necessary

• Repeat the process until the array is sorted

Functionalities were implemented using a combination of programming languages, frameworks, and design patterns.

• Implemented functionalities using Java, Spring framework, and MVC design pattern

• Utilized RESTful APIs for communication between different modules

• Implemented asynchronous processing using message queues like RabbitMQ

• Used database technologies like MySQL for data storage and retrieval

To add users in data administration, follow these steps:

• Log in to the data administration system

• Navigate to the user management section

• Click on the 'Add User' button

• Fill in the required user details such as name, email, and password

• Assign appropriate roles and permissions to the user

• Save the changes and the user will be added to the system

Functions return a value while procedures do not in Oracle.

• Functions are used to perform a specific task and return a value.

• Procedures are used to perform a specific task but do not return a value.

• Functions can be used in SQL statements while procedures cannot.

• Functions can be called from within procedures while procedures cannot be called from within functions.

To make apps secured, one needs to implement various measures such as encryption, authentication, and authorization.

• Implement encryption to protect data in transit and at rest

• Use strong authentication mechanisms such as two-factor authentication

• Implement authorization to restrict access to sensitive data and features

• Regularly update and patch the app to fix security vulnerabilities

• Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing

• Implement secure coding practices to prev...read more

Handling a non-cooperative team member requires effective communication, understanding their perspective, and addressing any underlying issues.

• Initiate a conversation to understand their concerns and reasons for non-cooperation

• Listen actively and empathetically to their perspective

• Address any underlying issues or conflicts that may be causing their behavior

• Clearly communicate expectations and the impact of their non-cooperation on the team

• Offer support and resources to help t...read more

Agile process is an iterative approach to software development that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer satisfaction.

• Agile process involves breaking down a project into smaller, manageable chunks called sprints.

• It emphasizes continuous feedback and adaptation to changing requirements.

• It values individuals and interactions over processes and tools.

• Examples of Agile methodologies include Scrum, Kanban, and Extreme Programming (XP).

I have used various design patterns such as Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Decorator.

• Singleton pattern for ensuring only one instance of a class is created.

• Factory pattern for creating objects without exposing the instantiation logic.

• Observer pattern for implementing event handling and notification.

• Decorator pattern for adding functionality to an object dynamically.

Designing a streaming data pipeline in GCP involves selecting appropriate services like Pub/Sub, Dataflow, BigQuery, and Cloud Storage.

• Use Google Cloud Pub/Sub for ingesting and distributing data streams

• Utilize Google Cloud Dataflow for processing and transforming data in real-time

• Store processed data in Google BigQuery for analysis and querying

• Consider using Google Cloud Storage for storing raw data or backups

JOIN SQL query is used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them. Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

• JOIN SQL query is used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column.

• Normalization involves organizing data into tables and columns to reduce redundancy.

• JOIN and normalization are both important concepts in database management.

• Example: SELECT * FROM...read more

Java 8 introduced new features like lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods in interfaces.

• Lambda expressions allow you to pass functions as arguments.

• Functional interfaces have a single abstract method and can be used with lambda expressions.

• Streams provide a way to work with sequences of elements.

• Default methods allow interfaces to have method implementations.

To give timeline on requirement, break it down into smaller tasks and estimate time for each task.

• Break down the requirement into smaller tasks

• Estimate time for each task

• Consider dependencies and potential roadblocks

• Communicate timeline clearly to stakeholders

• Regularly review and adjust timeline as needed

Values can be passed to a program through command line arguments, environment variables, configuration files, and user input.

• Command line arguments: Values can be passed to a program when it is executed from the command line.

• Environment variables: Values can be passed to a program through environment variables set in the operating system.

• Configuration files: Programs can read values from configuration files to customize behavior.

• User input: Programs can prompt users for input...read more

Global variables are accessible throughout the entire program, while local variables are only accessible within a specific function or block of code.

• Global variables are declared outside of any function or block.

• Local variables are declared within a function or block and are only accessible within that function or block.

• Global variables can be accessed and modified by any part of the program.

• Local variables have limited scope and are only accessible within the function or blo...read more

Life cycle hooks in Angular are functions that allow you to tap into specific points in a component's life cycle.

• Angular components have several life cycle hooks such as ngOnInit, ngOnDestroy, ngOnChanges, etc.

• These hooks allow you to perform actions at specific points in the component's life cycle, such as initialization, change detection, and destruction.

• For example, ngOnInit is called after the component has been initialized and ngOnChanges is called whenever the input pro...read more

Mailflow configuration between Exchange on prem and Exchange online involves setting up connectors and configuring mail routing.

• Create a mail flow connector in Exchange Online to route emails to on-premises Exchange server

• Configure accepted domains and email address policies to ensure proper mail routing

• Use Exchange Online Protection (EOP) for filtering and protection of emails

• Ensure proper DNS settings for mail routing between on-premises and online Exchange servers

Client discovery in microservices involves understanding client needs, preferences, and constraints to design effective solutions.

• Conduct interviews with clients to gather requirements

• Analyze existing systems and workflows to identify pain points

• Collaborate with stakeholders to prioritize features and functionalities

• Use tools like surveys, user personas, and user stories to capture client needs

• Iterate on feedback to continuously improve the client experience

OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming, which is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects. Design patterns are reusable solutions to common problems in software design.

• OOPs is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent data and methods to manipulate that data.

• Design patterns are general reusable solutions to common problems in software design.

• Examples of design patterns include Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Strategy patterns.

As a Technical Lead, my daily routine involves managing tasks, communicating with team members, and ensuring project deadlines are met.

• I prioritize tasks and delegate responsibilities to team members based on their strengths and expertise.

• I communicate regularly with team members to ensure everyone is on the same page and any issues are addressed promptly.

• I monitor project progress and adjust timelines or resources as needed to ensure deadlines are met.

• I lead by example, demo...read more

Packages in Oracle provide modularity, encapsulation, and reusability of code.

• Packages group related procedures, functions, and variables together.

• Packages provide a namespace for the objects they contain, avoiding naming conflicts.

• Packages can be compiled and stored in the database for efficient execution.

• Packages can be granted privileges, allowing controlled access to their contents.

• Packages can be versioned and upgraded independently of other code.

• Example: DBMS_OUTPUT pac...read more

API projects should be created when there is a need for data exchange between different systems.

• APIs are useful for integrating different systems and allowing them to communicate with each other.

• APIs can be used for creating web services, mobile apps, and other software applications.

• APIs should be designed with security and scalability in mind.

• Examples of API projects include payment gateways, social media APIs, and weather APIs.

Generate prime numbers from 1 to n

• Iterate from 2 to n and check if each number is prime

• Use a boolean array to mark non-prime numbers

• Optimize by only checking up to square root of n

Mailbox database status details provide information on the health and performance of the mailbox database.

• Mailbox database status includes information on database size, number of mailboxes, and database health.

• Database status details can be accessed through the Exchange Management Console or Exchange Management Shell.

• Common mailbox database status states include 'Healthy', 'Failed', 'Unmounted', 'Corrupted', etc.

COBOL DB2 program execution mechanism

• COBOL program is compiled into object code

• DB2 pre-compiler generates SQL statements

• Object code and SQL statements are linked

• Program is executed by DB2 runtime system

• Data is accessed through DB2 buffer pool

Clustered index physically reorders the data in the table, while non-clustered index creates a separate structure.

• Clustered index determines the physical order of data rows in a table.

• Non-clustered index creates a separate structure to store the index data.

• Clustered index is faster for retrieval but slower for inserts and updates.

• Non-clustered index is slower for retrieval but faster for inserts and updates.

Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies the development of Spring applications by providing pre-configured settings and conventions.

• Spring Boot is opinionated and provides defaults for configuration, reducing the need for manual setup.

• Spring Boot includes embedded servers like Tomcat, Jetty, and Undertow, making it easy to deploy standalone applications.

• Spring Boot offers a wide range of starters to quickly set up projects for various technologies like web, data, security,...read more

Cursor is a pointer to a private SQL area that stores information about processing a specific SELECT or DML statement.

• Attributes include %FOUND, %NOTFOUND, %ROWCOUNT, %ISOPEN, %BULK_ROWCOUNT, %BULK_EXCEPTIONS

• Used to fetch and manipulate data from a result set

• Can be declared and used in PL/SQL blocks

• Example: OPEN cursor_name FOR SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name = value;

Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.

• Abstract class can have constructors, fields, and methods, while interface cannot have any implementation.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Abstract classes are used to define a common behavior for subclasses, while interfaces are used to define a contract for classes to implement.

• Example: Abstract class - Animal w...read more

Spring is a framework for building Java applications, while Spring Boot is a tool for quickly creating stand-alone Spring-based applications.

• Spring is a comprehensive framework that provides infrastructure support for developing Java applications.

• Spring Boot is an opinionated tool that simplifies the process of creating production-ready Spring applications.

• Spring Boot includes embedded servers, auto-configuration, and starter dependencies to streamline development.

• Spring Boot...read more

HashMap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to retrieve values quickly.

• Hashing function is used to convert the key into an index of an array where the value is stored

• Collisions occur when two keys hash to the same index, which is resolved using separate chaining or open addressing

• HashMap uses an array and linked list data structure to store key-value pairs

• Retrieving a value involves hashing the key to find the index, then traversing the linked lis...read more

Polymorphism in C++ allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• Polymorphism is achieved through function overloading and overriding.

• Function overloading allows multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

• Function overriding involves redefining a base class function in a derived class.

• Example: virtual functions in C++ enable polymorphism by allowing derived classes to override base class functions.

Removing duplicate records in SQL

• Use SELECT DISTINCT to retrieve unique records

• Use GROUP BY to group records by a specific column

• Use HAVING to filter out groups with more than one record

• Use DELETE to remove duplicate records from the table

Pure pipes do not change the input data, while impure pipes can change the input data.

• Pure pipes are used for data transformation without side effects.

• Impure pipes can have side effects and are used for operations like logging or API calls.

• Pure pipes are faster as they are only executed when a pure change to the input is detected.

• Impure pipes are executed on every change detection cycle.

• Example: currency pipe is pure, while async pipe is impure.

Agile capacity refers to the team's ability to take on work, while velocity measures the amount of work completed in a sprint.

• Capacity is the team's potential to deliver work, while velocity is the actual work delivered in a sprint

• Capacity can be affected by factors such as team size, skillset, and availability

• Velocity can be used to forecast how much work can be completed in future sprints

• Capacity planning is done before the start of a sprint, while velocity is measured duri...read more

Implementing CI/CD involves automating the process of integrating code changes and deploying them to production.

• Set up a version control system like Git to track changes in code

• Use a continuous integration tool like Jenkins to automatically build and test code changes

• Implement automated testing to ensure code quality and catch bugs early

• Use a continuous delivery tool like Docker to package and deploy code changes

• Integrate monitoring and alerting to track the performance of de...read more

Microservices are a software development technique where applications are composed of small, independent services that communicate over well-defined APIs.

• Microservices break down applications into smaller, loosely coupled services

• Each service is responsible for a specific function and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently

• Communication between services is typically done through APIs, often using lightweight protocols like HTTP or messaging queues

• Microservices ar...read more

Event loop in JavaScript is responsible for handling asynchronous operations by continuously checking the call stack and the callback queue.

• Event loop is a mechanism that allows JavaScript to perform non-blocking I/O operations.

• It continuously checks the call stack for any function that needs to be executed and the callback queue for any function that needs to be pushed to the call stack.

• Example: setTimeout() function in JavaScript uses the event loop to execute the callback ...read more

Oops concepts are the fundamental principles of object-oriented programming.

• Abstraction

• Encapsulation

• Inheritance

• Polymorphism

Routing in MVC is the process of mapping URLs to controller actions in order to handle incoming requests.

• Routing determines which controller and action should handle a request based on the URL

• Routes are defined in the RouteConfig.cs file in ASP.NET MVC applications

• Routes can include parameters that are passed to the controller action

• Routing can be used to create user-friendly URLs

Dependency injection is a design pattern in which components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.

• Dependency injection helps in achieving loose coupling between classes.

• It allows for easier testing by providing mock dependencies.

• There are three types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.

Find the pair of integers with the lowest absolute difference in an array.

• Iterate through the array and compare the absolute difference between each pair of integers.

• Keep track of the pair with the lowest absolute difference as you iterate.

• Return the pair with the lowest absolute difference.

List and set difference

• Lists allow duplicates while sets do not

• Set difference returns elements in the first set that are not in the second set

• List difference returns elements in the first list that are not in the second list

Component selection for power supplies

• Consider the power requirements of the device

• Choose components with high efficiency to reduce power loss

• Select components with appropriate voltage and current ratings

• Ensure components are reliable and have a long lifespan

• Consider cost and availability of components

Indexes in databases help improve query performance by allowing faster data retrieval.

• Types of indexes include B-tree, hash, and bitmap indexes.

• B-tree indexes are commonly used for range queries.

• Hash indexes are useful for equality queries.

• Bitmap indexes are efficient for low cardinality columns.

• Indexes should be used judiciously to avoid overhead during data modification.

Decorator pattern allows adding new functionality to an object dynamically.

• Decorator pattern involves adding new behaviors to objects by wrapping them in another object.

• It allows for adding functionality without altering the original object.

• Example: Adding logging functionality to a method by decorating it with a logging decorator.

Microservice architecture allows for scalability, flexibility, and easier maintenance of complex systems.

• Scalability: Microservices can be independently scaled based on demand, allowing for better resource utilization.

• Flexibility: Each microservice can be developed, deployed, and updated independently, enabling faster innovation.

• Easier maintenance: With smaller, focused services, it is easier to identify and fix issues without impacting the entire system.

• Resilience: Failure i...read more

SQLCODE-805 is a DB2 error code indicating a program attempted to execute a SQL statement that references a table that does not exist.

• SQLCODE-805 is a common error in DB2 databases.

• It occurs when a program tries to access a table that is not present in the database.

• This error can be caused by misspelling the table name or the table not being created in the database.

Deadlock is a situation in which two or more competing actions are each waiting for the other to finish, preventing any of them from progressing.

• Occurs in concurrent programming when two or more threads are blocked forever, waiting for each other to release a resource

• Can happen with multiple resources, such as locks or database connections

• Prevention methods include avoiding circular wait, ensuring no preemption, and using timeouts

Sort utility is a command-line tool used to sort lines of text in a file or standard input.

• Sort utility is commonly used in Unix-based operating systems.

• It can sort lines of text alphabetically, numerically, or based on other criteria.

• Example: sort myfile.txt - sorts the lines in myfile.txt alphabetically.

Cloud migration challenges include security concerns, data transfer issues, and compatibility problems.

• Security concerns related to data privacy and compliance regulations

• Data transfer issues such as bandwidth limitations and latency

• Compatibility problems with existing systems and applications

• Lack of skilled resources for managing cloud infrastructure

• Cost management and budget constraints

• Potential downtime during migration process

Big Data refers to large volumes of data that cannot be processed using traditional methods.

• Big Data involves processing and analyzing large volumes of data

• It includes structured, unstructured, and semi-structured data

• Examples include social media data, sensor data, and financial transactions

Real time batch streaming refers to processing data in real time as it arrives, while also handling large volumes of data in batches.

• Real time processing involves handling data as it arrives, allowing for immediate insights and actions.

• Batch processing involves processing large volumes of data in chunks, which can be more efficient for certain tasks.

• Examples include Apache Kafka for real time streaming and Apache Spark for batch processing.

Keep in MVC stands for Model-View-Controller, which is a design pattern used in software development to separate the concerns of an application.

• Keep refers to the model component in MVC

• It represents the data and the business logic of the application

• Keep interacts with the database and processes the data before sending it to the view

• Example: In a blog application, the Keep would handle the data related to blog posts such as title, content, author, etc.

Microservices are a software development technique where applications are composed of small, independent services that communicate with each other.

• Microservices break down applications into smaller, loosely coupled services

• Each service is responsible for a specific function and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently

• Communication between services is typically done through APIs or messaging queues

The timelines for the dev work depend on various factors such as project complexity, team size, and available resources.

• Timelines can be estimated based on past project experiences and historical data.

• Factors like scope changes, dependencies, and unforeseen challenges can impact the timelines.

• Collaboration and communication within the team are crucial for meeting the timelines.

• Using project management tools and techniques like Agile or Scrum can help in tracking and managing ...read more

Sort an array of strings based on a substring

• Use a custom comparator function to sort the array based on a specific substring

• Implement the comparator function to compare substrings of each string in the array

• Example: Sort array ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'] based on substring 'an' -> ['banana', 'cherry', 'apple']

Signal new feature is a way to inform users about a new functionality or improvement in a product.

• Create a notification or pop-up message to alert users about the new feature

• Include a brief description of the new feature and its benefits

• Provide a link or button for users to learn more or try out the new feature

Agile process is a flexible and iterative approach to project management.

• Agile involves breaking down projects into small increments called sprints

• It emphasizes collaboration, adaptability, and customer feedback

• Common Agile methodologies include Scrum, Kanban, and Extreme Programming

MVC is a software design pattern that separates an application into three main components: Model, View, and Controller.

• Model represents the data and business logic of the application

• View is responsible for displaying the data to the user

• Controller acts as an intermediary between Model and View, handling user input and updating the Model accordingly

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common problems in software design.

• Design patterns provide a way to create flexible and maintainable software systems.

• They help in organizing code, making it more readable and easier to maintain.

• Examples of design patterns include Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Strategy patterns.

Microservices design pattern focuses on breaking down applications into smaller, independent services.

• Microservices architecture promotes loosely coupled services

• Each service is responsible for a specific function or feature

• Services communicate through APIs

• Scalability and flexibility are key benefits of microservices

• Examples: Netflix, Amazon, Uber

Hashtable is synchronized and thread-safe, while Hashmap is not synchronized.

• Hashtable is synchronized and thread-safe, while Hashmap is not synchronized.

• Hashtable does not allow null keys or values, while Hashmap allows one null key and multiple null values.

• Hashtable is slower than Hashmap due to synchronization.

• Hashtable is legacy class, while Hashmap is part of Java collections framework.