IBM Senior Backend Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Node.js is a runtime environment that allows you to run JavaScript code outside of a web browser.

• Node.js is built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

• It uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model that makes it lightweight and efficient.

• Node.js is commonly used for building server-side applications and APIs.

• It has a large ecosystem of open-source libraries and frameworks, such as Express.js.

Middleware is a software component that acts as a bridge between an application's request and response.

• Middleware functions have access to the request and response objects

• They can modify the request and response objects

• Middleware can be used for tasks like authentication, logging, error handling, etc.

A promise is an object representing the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation.

• Promises are used to handle asynchronous operations in JavaScript.

• They can be in one of three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected.

• Promises can be chained using .then() to handle success and .catch() to handle errors.

• Example: new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(() => resolve('Done!'), 1000); });

promise.all is a method in JavaScript that takes an array of promises and returns a single promise that resolves when all of the input promises have resolved.

• Used to handle multiple asynchronous operations at once

• Returns a single promise that resolves when all input promises have resolved

• If any of the input promises is rejected, the returned promise is rejected with the reason of the first rejected promise

A callback is a function passed as an argument to another function to be executed later.

• Callbacks are commonly used in asynchronous programming to handle tasks that take time to complete.

• They are often used in event handling, timers, and AJAX requests.

• Callbacks can be synchronous or asynchronous, depending on when they are executed.

• Example: setTimeout(callback, 1000) will execute the callback function after 1 second.

Idempotent term in patch and put means that multiple identical requests have the same effect as a single request.

• Idempotent means that the result of a successful request is the same regardless of how many times it is repeated.

• In PATCH and PUT requests, idempotent means that sending the same request multiple times will not have any additional side effects.

• For example, if a PATCH request updates a resource with specific ...read more

Java memory types and where objects are stored

• Java memory consists of stack and heap

• Primitive data types are stored in stack

• Objects and arrays are stored in heap

• References to objects are stored in stack

• Example: int num = 5; // num is stored in stack, value 5 is stored in stack

• Example: String str = new String(); // str reference is stored in stack, actual String object is stored in heap

Yes, hash map stores unique keys.

• Hash map in Java does not allow duplicate keys. If you try to insert a duplicate key, it will replace the existing value with the new one.

• However, hash map allows duplicate values.

• Example: HashMap map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("John", 25); map.put("Jane", 30); map.put("John", 35); // 'John' key will now have value 35.

Java 8 introduced new methods for HashMap such as forEach, compute, merge, etc.

• Java 8 introduced new methods like forEach, compute, merge for HashMap operations

• Java 8 allows using lambda expressions for iterating over HashMap entries

• Java 8 introduced default methods in Map interface for HashMap

No, static methods or variables cannot be created inside static main() method.

• Static methods or variables cannot be created inside another static method.

• Static methods or variables can only be created at the class level, outside of any method.

• Example: public class MyClass { static int myVariable = 10; }

I am a passionate Backend Developer with 5 years of experience in building scalable and efficient web applications.

• 5 years of experience in backend development

• Proficient in programming languages like Java, Python, and Node.js

• Strong understanding of database management systems such as MySQL and MongoDB

• Experience in developing RESTful APIs and microservices

• Familiar with cloud technologies like AWS and Azure