HSBC Group Senior Data Analyst Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What are joins,
Ans. 
Joins are used in databases to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.
• Joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column between them

• Common types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN

• INNER JOIN returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables

• LEFT JOIN returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from th...read more
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Q2. Difference between having and where
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The main difference between 'having' and 'where' in SQL is that 'having' is used with aggregate functions, while 'where' is used with individual rows.
• HAVING is used to filter groups of rows based on aggregate functions, such as COUNT, SUM, AVG, etc.

• WHERE is used to filter individual rows based on specific conditions.

• HAVING is applied after the GROUP BY clause, while WHERE is applied before.

• Example: SELECT department, A...read more
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Q3. What are analytical functions explain all
Ans. 
Analytical functions are used in SQL to perform calculations across a set of rows related to the current row.
• Analytical functions operate on a group of rows and return a single result for each row.

• They can be used to calculate moving averages, running totals, rank, and percentiles.

• Examples include ROW_NUMBER(), RANK(), DENSE_RANK(), LEAD(), LAG(), SUM(), AVG().
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Q4. What are triggers and how to create them and what is the use of triggers and explain when and how did you use triggers in your previous org
Ans. 
Triggers are database objects that automatically perform an action when a specified event occurs on a particular table or view.
• Triggers are used to enforce business rules, validate data, and maintain data integrity.

• They can be created using SQL commands like CREATE TRIGGER.

• Triggers can be set to execute before or after INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE operations on a table.

• An example of using triggers is to automatically upda...read more
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Q1. Sorting Question
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Q1. Given a variable, how to do Linear Regression?
Ans. 
Linear regression is a statistical method used to model the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.
• Collect data on the variables of interest

• Plot the data to visualize the relationship between the variables

• Choose a suitable linear regression model (simple or multiple)

• Fit the model to the data using a regression algorithm (e.g. least squares)

• Evaluate the model's performance using ...read more
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Q2. How Linear Regression handles noise?
Ans. 
Linear Regression minimizes noise by fitting a line that best represents the relationship between variables.
• Linear Regression minimizes the sum of squared errors between the actual data points and the predicted values on the line.

• It assumes that the noise in the data is normally distributed with a mean of zero.

• Outliers in the data can significantly impact the regression line and its accuracy.

• Regularization techniques l...read more
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Q3. Solve two equations to find coefficients?
Ans. 
Use linear algebra to solve for coefficients in two equations.
• Set up the two equations with unknown coefficients

• Solve the equations simultaneously using methods like substitution or elimination

• Example: 2x + 3y = 10 and 4x - y = 5, solve for x and y
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Q4. Probability question on picking a red ball from Red, blue, black ball bag with replacement.
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Basic aptitude test like distance problem , age etc

40 questions are there. The que have different categories. Reasoning , critical thinking

Q1. Tell me about your self
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Q2. Question based on the resume
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Q3. What are the project you have done?
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Asked questions from python and SQL

Q1. What are tupples
Ans. 
Tuples are ordered collections of elements, similar to lists but immutable.
• Tuples are created using parentheses ()

• Elements in a tuple can be of different data types

• Tuples are immutable, meaning their elements cannot be changed once created
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Q2. What is credit risk
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Credit risk refers to the potential loss that a lender may incur due to a borrower's failure to repay a loan or meet their financial obligations.
• Credit risk is the risk of default on a debt that may arise from a borrower failing to make required payments.

• It is a key consideration for banks and financial institutions when lending money.

• Factors that contribute to credit risk include the borrower's credit history, financi...read more
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