HCLTech Network Security Consultant Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. BGP and ospf and vlan
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Q2. VSS and stacking switch
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Q1. BGP in depth ospf and vlan
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Q2. Vss and switch stacking switch routing
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Q1. What do you know about routing?
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Routing is the process of selecting the best path for network traffic to reach its destination.
• Routing involves determining the optimal path for data packets to travel from the source to the destination.

• Routers use routing tables to make decisions on how to forward packets based on destination IP addresses.

• There are different types of routing protocols such as RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP.

• Static routing involves manually ...read more
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Q2. What do you know about switching?
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Switching is a networking technique used to forward data packets between devices on a computer network.
• Switching involves the process of receiving, analyzing, and forwarding data packets within a network.

• Switches operate at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI model.

• Switches use MAC addresses to determine the destination of data packets.

• Switches create separate collision domains and broadcast domains, improving network...read more
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Coding test assignment one on one round

Q1. Technical vs no tech
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Technical skills are essential for a Network Engineer, but soft skills are also important for effective communication and teamwork.
• Technical skills are necessary for configuring and troubleshooting network devices.

• Soft skills like communication, teamwork, and problem-solving are crucial for working effectively with colleagues and clients.

• Balancing technical expertise with interpersonal skills is key to success in the r...read more
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Q2. Dhcp vs dns gdp vs rdp frp vs 30nd
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DHCP is a protocol used to assign IP addresses dynamically to devices on a network, while DNS is a system that translates domain names to IP addresses.
• DHCP assigns IP addresses to devices on a network dynamically

• DNS translates domain names to IP addresses

• RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) allows users to remotely connect to a computer

• FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic) is a material used in construction

• 30nd does not seem to
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Q1. What is stuck switching?
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Stuck switching refers to a situation where a network switch is unable to forward traffic due to a malfunction or configuration issue.
• Stuck switching can occur when a switch's forwarding table becomes corrupted or when there is a hardware failure.

• It can also happen if there is a loop in the network causing broadcast storms.

• Troubleshooting stuck switching involves checking the switch's configuration, monitoring network ...read more
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Q2. What is bgp path selection process
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BGP path selection process determines the best path for routing based on various attributes.
• BGP selects the path with the highest weight attribute first

• If weights are the same, BGP looks at the local preference attribute

• Next, BGP considers the AS path length

• BGP then checks the origin code attribute

• After that, BGP looks at the MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator) attribute

• If all else is equal, BGP chooses the path with the lo...read more
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Q3. What is stub area
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A stub area is an OSPF area that does not contain external routes.
• Stub areas reduce the amount of routing information exchanged within an OSPF network.

• Stub areas use a default route to reach external networks.

• Stub areas are commonly used to reduce the size of the OSPF database and improve network performance.
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Q4. What is stp? how to work.
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STP stands for Spanning Tree Protocol, used in network environments to prevent loops and ensure redundant paths are utilized efficiently.
• STP is a network protocol used to prevent loops in Ethernet networks.

• It works by selecting a single path for data traffic while blocking redundant paths.

• STP elects a root bridge and calculates the shortest path to each network segment.

• If a link fails, STP recalculates the network topo...read more
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Q1. Introduction 🤣
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Q2. Tell me your weakness ? 🤣
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Q1. Question related to retention
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Q2. Question related to aspirations
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Q1. 4 members were in interview. More on theory questions.
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Q1. Basic questions about yorself and package
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Q1. Routing tables in bgp and explain
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BGP routing tables store information about routes to different networks and the best path to reach them.
• BGP uses a path-vector routing protocol to determine the best path for a packet to reach its destination.

• BGP routing tables contain information about the network prefixes, the next hop to reach them, and the path attributes that determine the best path.

• BGP routers exchange routing information with their neighbors to ...read more
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Q2. BGP Neighbor Table – table containing information about BGP neighbors. 2) BGP Table (also known as BGP topology table, BGP RIB) contains the network layer reachability information (NLRI) learned in compli...read more
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Q3. What is nat and port number that can be used
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NAT is a technique used to map private IP addresses to public IP addresses. Port numbers are used to identify specific applications.
• NAT stands for Network Address Translation

• It is used to allow devices with private IP addresses to access the internet using a public IP address

• Port numbers are used to identify specific applications or services

• Common port numbers include 80 for HTTP, 443 for HTTPS, and 22 for SSH
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Q4. If neither the port range in source NAT pools nor the default port range are configured, the default single port range is 1024 through 63,487.
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Default single port range when neither port range in source NAT pools nor default port range are configured.
• When neither port range in source NAT pools nor default port range are configured, the default single port range is 1024 through 63,487.

• This range is used for outbound traffic initiated by the device.

• It is important to configure the port range to avoid conflicts with other devices on the network.

• For example, if m...read more
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Q5. What is mss in tcp explain
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MSS in TCP refers to the maximum segment size, which is the largest amount of data that can be sent in a single TCP segment.
• MSS is negotiated during the TCP three-way handshake

• It is determined by the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the network

• MSS can be adjusted by the sender or receiver using TCP options

• A smaller MSS can help prevent fragmentation and improve network performance
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Q6. The maximum segment size is a parameter of the options field of the TCP header that specifies the largest amount of data, specified in bytes, that a computer or communications device can receive in a singl...read more
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Q7. Troubleshooting pAcket drops
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Packet drops can be caused by various factors. Troubleshooting involves identifying the root cause and implementing a solution.
• Check for network congestion or bandwidth limitations

• Verify if the packet is being dropped at the source or destination

• Inspect network devices for errors or misconfigurations

• Use packet capture tools to analyze the traffic

• Consider implementing Quality of Service (QoS) policies

• Update firmware or
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Q8. Chekc port and duplex setting. Check mss and mtu Check link utilization
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To check port and duplex setting, MSS and MTU, and link utilization in network engineering.
• Use command 'show interface' to check port and duplex setting.

• Use command 'ping -f -l ' to check MTU.

• Use command 'netstat -s' to check MSS.

• Use command 'show interface' or 'show interfaces utilization' to check link utilization.
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