HCLTech Technical Lead Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

URL shortening is the process of creating a short, unique URL that redirects to a longer URL.

• URL shortening is used to save space on social media platforms and in other contexts where character count is limited.

• Shortened URLs are created by using a redirect on a domain name that is shorter than the original URL.

• Examples of URL shortening services include bit.ly, goo.gl, and tinyurl.com.

Comparison of HashMap, ConcurrentHashMap, and SynchronizedMap.

• HashMap is not thread-safe, ConcurrentHashMap is thread-safe and faster than SynchronizedMap.

• ConcurrentHashMap uses a different locking mechanism than SynchronizedMap.

• SynchronizedMap uses a single lock for all operations, while ConcurrentHashMap uses multiple locks.

• ConcurrentHashMap is suitable for high-concurrency environments.

• SynchronizedMap is suitable fo...read more

intern() method of String returns a canonical representation of the string object.

• The intern() method returns a string that has the same contents as the original string, but is guaranteed to be from a pool of unique strings.

• This method is useful when comparing strings for equality as it compares the references instead of the contents.

• Example: String s1 = new String("hello"); String s2 = s1.intern(); // s2 will be from

Different ways to implement and break Singleton pattern.

• Implement: Eager initialization, Lazy initialization, Thread-safe initialization, Bill Pugh Singleton Implementation

• Break: Reflection, Serialization/Deserialization, Cloning, Multithreading

• Example: Eager initialization - private static final Singleton instance = new Singleton();

• Example: Reflection - Constructor constructor = Singleton.class.getDeclaredConstructor(...read more

Designing a service layer for a highly scalable application requires careful consideration of architecture and technology choices.

• Use a microservices architecture to break down the application into smaller, more manageable components.

• Implement load balancing and auto-scaling to ensure that the service layer can handle high traffic volumes.

• Choose a technology stack that is well-suited to the specific needs of the applic...read more