HCLTech DOT NET Developer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. How to call abstract constructor
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Q2. Difference between generic list and list which is faster
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Q1. What is the extension method
Ans. 
Extension methods allow adding new methods to existing types without modifying the original type
• Extension methods are static methods that can be called as if they were instance methods of the extended type

• They are defined in static classes and must be in the same namespace as the extended type

• They are commonly used to add functionality to existing types or interfaces without modifying them directly
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Q2. What is difference between union and union all
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Union combines and removes duplicates, Union All combines without removing duplicates.
• Union removes duplicates from the result set, while Union All does not.

• Union is slower than Union All because it has to perform an additional step to remove duplicates.

• Union is used when you want to combine two result sets and remove duplicates, while Union All is used when you want to combine two result sets without removing duplicat
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Q3. What is constructor chaining
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Constructor chaining is the process of calling one constructor from another constructor within the same class.
• Allows for reusing code and avoiding duplication

• Can be achieved using 'this' keyword in the constructor

• Example: public MyClass(int x) : this(x, 0) {}
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Q4. What is CTE and explain
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CTE stands for Common Table Expressions, which is a temporary result set that can be referenced within a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement.
• CTEs are defined using the WITH keyword in SQL.

• They help improve readability and maintainability of complex queries.

• CTEs can be recursive, allowing for hierarchical data querying.

• Example: WITH CTE AS (SELECT * FROM table_name) SELECT * FROM CTE;

• Example: WITH RECURSIVE CTE ...read more
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Q5. What is constructor
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A constructor is a special method in a class that is automatically called when an object of that class is created.
• Constructors have the same name as the class they belong to.

• They are used to initialize the object's state.

• Constructors can be parameterized or default (no parameters).

• Example: public class Person { public Person(string name) { this.Name = name; } }
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Q6. How to send bulk of data through db
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Use bulk insert or batch processing to send large amounts of data through the database.
• Use bulk insert operations provided by the database management system.

• Consider using batch processing techniques to optimize performance.

• Use stored procedures or parameterized queries for efficient data transfer.
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Q7. Which design pattern do you used in your project
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I have used the MVC (Model-View-Controller) design pattern in my project.
• Separates the application into three main components: Model, View, and Controller

• Promotes code reusability, modularity, and maintainability

• Example: ASP.NET MVC framework
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Q8. What are the characteristics of singleton pattern and how to use
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Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.
• Characteristics include private constructor, static instance variable, static method to access instance, lazy initialization, and thread safety.

• Example: public class Singleton { private static Singleton instance; private Singleton() {} public static Singleton getInstance() { if (instance == null) { instance = new Singlet
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Q9. Write a linq to fetch the data from db table(students) and data (studentid) should be in asending rder
Ans. 
Use LINQ to fetch data from the 'students' table in ascending order of 'studentid'.
• Use LINQ query syntax or method syntax to retrieve data from the 'students' table.

• Order the data by 'studentid' in ascending order using the 'OrderBy' or 'OrderByDescending' method.

• Ensure that the LINQ query is executed against the database to fetch the data.
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Q1. Difference between web.config and Machine.config
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web.config is specific to a web application and overrides settings in Machine.config
• web.config is specific to a web application, while Machine.config is at the machine level

• web.config can override settings in Machine.config for a specific application

• Machine.config is located in the .NET framework folder, while web.config is in the application folder
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Q2. Explain about state management
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State management in .NET refers to the process of storing and retrieving data during the lifecycle of an application.
• State management can be achieved using various techniques such as session state, view state, cookies, and query strings.

• Session state allows storing user-specific data across multiple pages during a user session.

• View state stores the state of the page and its controls between postbacks.

• Cookies can be use...read more
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Q1. Code excution of .net application?
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The .NET application code is compiled into Intermediate Language (IL) which is then executed by the Common Language Runtime (CLR).
• Code is compiled into Intermediate Language (IL) by the compiler

• IL is then converted into machine code by the Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler

• The CLR manages memory, security, and other system resources during code execution
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Q2. Stored procedure vs function?
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Stored procedures are precompiled SQL queries that can perform multiple operations, while functions are reusable code blocks that return a single value.
• Stored procedures can execute multiple SQL statements and can perform complex operations.

• Functions are reusable code blocks that return a single value and can be used in SQL queries.

• Stored procedures can be called independently, while functions are typically called with...read more
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Q3. What is CLR, Why its used?
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CLR stands for Common Language Runtime, it is used to manage the execution of .NET programs.
• CLR is a part of the .NET framework responsible for managing the execution of .NET programs.

• It provides services such as memory management, exception handling, and security.

• CLR converts the Intermediate Language (IL) code into machine code during runtime.

• It allows for language interoperability, meaning different languages can be...read more
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Q4. What is GC, where you have used in the app?
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GC stands for Garbage Collection, a process in .NET to automatically manage memory by reclaiming unused objects.
• GC is a feature in .NET that automatically manages memory by reclaiming unused objects.

• It helps in preventing memory leaks and improving application performance.

• GC can be used in .NET applications to free up memory occupied by objects that are no longer needed.
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