80+ Dot Net Fullstack Developer Interview Questions and Answers

The .NET framework supports multiple languages including C#, VB.NET, F#, and C++.

• C# is the most commonly used language for .NET development

• VB.NET is a popular choice for legacy applications

• F# is used for functional programming

• C++ is used for performance-critical applications

• Other languages like IronPython and IronRuby can also be used with .NET

Catching in .NET is a mechanism to handle exceptions that occur during program execution.

• Catching is done using try-catch blocks.

• Types of catching include specific exception catching, general exception catching, and re-throwing exceptions.

• Specific exception catching is done using catch blocks that specify the type of exception to catch.

• General exception catching is done using catch blocks that catch all exceptions.

• Re-throwing exceptions is done using the throw keyword within ...read more

OOPs concepts like inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction were used in my previous projects for designing modular and reusable code.

• Inheritance: Used to create parent-child relationships between classes. For example, a base class 'Vehicle' with child classes 'Car' and 'Truck'.

• Encapsulation: Used to hide the internal implementation details of a class and only expose necessary methods and properties. For example, private variables and public methods in a 'Use...read more

Interview process includes direct face-to-face interaction with panel and coding evaluation.

• Expect to have a video call with the interview panel

• Be prepared to showcase your coding skills during the call

• Ensure you have a stable internet connection and a quiet environment for the call

• Practice coding problems beforehand to feel more confident

• Be ready to explain your thought process and approach to problem-solving

Custom middleware in .NET Core can be implemented by creating a class that implements the IMiddleware interface and adding it to the application pipeline.

• Create a class that implements the IMiddleware interface

• Implement the InvokeAsync method in the middleware class to handle the request processing logic

• Add the custom middleware to the application pipeline in the Configure method of the Startup class

JIT stands for Just-In-Time compilation. It is a technique used by programming languages to improve performance.

• JIT compiles code at runtime instead of ahead of time

• It converts bytecode into machine code

• There are two types of JIT: Pre-JIT and Normal JIT

• Pre-JIT compiles the entire codebase ahead of time

• Normal JIT compiles code as it is needed during runtime

To invoke methods from two interfaces with same method names, use explicit interface implementation.

• Use explicit interface implementation to differentiate between the methods from each interface.

• Specify the interface name followed by the method name to invoke the desired method.

• Example: InterfaceA.Method() and InterfaceB.Method() to invoke methods from InterfaceA and InterfaceB respectively.

Create a simple model view controller to retrieve values from a database

• Create a model class to represent the data structure from the database

• Create a controller to handle requests and interact with the model

• Create a view to display the data retrieved from the database

Use the OFFSET and FETCH clauses in SQL to get the 5th top position data.

• Use the ORDER BY clause to sort the data in descending order.

• Use the OFFSET clause to skip the first 4 rows.

• Use the FETCH clause to retrieve only the next row after skipping the first 4 rows.

Resolvers in Angular are used to fetch data before the component is loaded, canActivate guards control access to routes, custom decorators can be created using @Decorator syntax, ngOnInit is a lifecycle hook in Angular, asynchronous methods can be made synchronous using async/await, cancellation tokens are used to cancel asynchronous operations.

• Resolvers in Angular are used to fetch data before the component is loaded, ensuring that the component has the necessary data when i...read more

Use a query to print a word from horizontal to vertical

• Use the TRANSLATE function in SQL to convert each character of the word into a separate row

• Use a recursive CTE (Common Table Expression) to achieve the desired output

• Consider using a loop in a programming language to iterate over each character of the word and print vertically

Identify first occurrences of vowels in a string and return their indices along with count.

• Loop through the string and check if each character is a vowel (a, e, i, o, u)

• Store the index of the first occurrence of each vowel in a separate array

• Return the array of indices and the count of indices

Logic App logs are stored in Azure Monitor Logs (formerly known as Log Analytics).

• Logic App logs are stored in Azure Monitor Logs, which is a centralized log storage and analytics service in Azure.

• Logs can be viewed and analyzed using Azure Monitor Logs queries.

• Logs can also be integrated with other Azure services for monitoring and alerting purposes.

Design a login page with OTP verification sent to user's mobile.

• Create a login page with fields for mobile number and OTP input

• Generate and send OTP to user's mobile number upon submission of mobile number

• Verify OTP entered by user before allowing login

• Implement timeout for OTP validity to enhance security

Polymorphism is the ability of a single function or method to operate on different data types. Interface is a contract that defines the methods that a class must implement. Multithreading is the ability of a CPU to execute multiple threads concurrently. C# does not support multiple inheritance. Inheritance is a mechanism in OOP where a class inherits properties and behaviors from another class. Methods are functions defined within a class. void main() is the entry point of a ...read more

Out parameter is used to pass data out of a method or function.

• Out parameters are used when a method needs to return multiple values.

• They are declared using the 'out' keyword in C#.

• Example: void CalculateArea(int length, int width, out int area) { area = length * width; }

Session management in ASP.NET Core involves storing and retrieving user-specific data during a user's visit to a website.

• Session data is stored on the server side by default in ASP.NET Core

• Session data can be accessed and manipulated using the HttpContext.Session property

• Session data can be configured to use different storage providers such as in-memory, distributed cache, or SQL Server

• Session data is typically used to store user-specific information like user ID, shopping ca...read more

Microservices communicate with each other through APIs, messaging queues, and service discovery.

• APIs: Microservices can communicate with each other by exposing APIs that allow them to send and receive data.

• Messaging queues: Microservices can use messaging queues like RabbitMQ or Kafka to send messages to each other asynchronously.

• Service discovery: Microservices can use service discovery tools like Consul or Eureka to locate and communicate with other services in the network....read more

Static constructor is used to initialize static data members of a class.

• Executed only once when the class is first accessed

• Cannot have any access modifiers or parameters

• Used to initialize static variables or perform any necessary setup tasks

SQL queries for creating database tables using DML and DDL

• Use CREATE TABLE statement for DDL to create a new table

• Use INSERT INTO statement for DML to insert data into the table

• Use SELECT statement to retrieve data from the table

• Use UPDATE statement to modify existing data in the table

• Use DELETE statement to remove data from the table

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, while authorization is the process of determining what resources a user can access.

• Authentication can be done using various methods such as username/password, tokens, or biometrics.

• Authorization involves assigning roles or permissions to users based on their identity.

• Authentication and authorization are often implemented using frameworks like OAuth or JWT.

• Examples include logging in with a username and passwor...read more

Model binding is the process of mapping data from HTTP requests to objects in MVC and ASP.NET Core.

• Model binding automatically maps data from HTTP requests to action method parameters or properties of a model class.

• It simplifies the process of retrieving data from forms, query strings, route values, and JSON/XML payloads.

• Model binding can be customized using attributes like [Bind], [FromQuery], [FromBody], etc.

• Example: In ASP.NET Core, a POST request with form data can be aut...read more

Implementing API for CRUD operations involves creating endpoints for Create, Read, Update, and Delete operations.

• Create endpoints for each CRUD operation (POST for Create, GET for Read, PUT for Update, DELETE for Delete)

• Use appropriate HTTP methods and status codes (e.g. 200 for successful operation, 404 for not found)

• Implement validation for input data to ensure data integrity

• Secure the API endpoints to prevent unauthorized access

• Test the API using tools like Postman to ensu...read more

Functional components are simpler, stateless, and use functional programming concepts. Class components are more complex, stateful, and use ES6 class syntax.

• Functional components are just plain JavaScript functions that accept props as arguments and return React elements.

• Class components are ES6 classes that extend from React.Component and can have state and lifecycle methods.

• Functional components are easier to read, write, and test.

• Class components have access to lifecycle m...read more

Count the occurrence of each character in a given string.

• Iterate through the string and use a hashmap to store the count of each character.

• Handle both uppercase and lowercase characters separately.

• Consider using ASCII values to map characters to their respective counts.

Print 'hello world!!' in three separate lines.

• Use a programming language's print function to output 'hello' on the first line, 'world' on the second line, and '!!' on the third line.

• In JavaScript, you can achieve this using console.log() function with line breaks like console.log('hello\nworld\n!!');

Microservices offer benefits such as scalability, flexibility, and easier maintenance.

• Scalability: Microservices allow for individual components to be scaled independently, leading to better resource utilization.

• Flexibility: Each microservice can be developed, deployed, and updated independently, allowing for more flexibility in the development process.

• Easier maintenance: With microservices, it is easier to identify and fix issues as each service is isolated and has its own c...read more

Git conflicts can be resolved by merging changes, resolving conflicts manually, and using tools like Git mergetool.

• Merge changes from the conflicting branches

• Resolve conflicts manually by editing the conflicting files

• Use Git mergetool to help resolve conflicts

• Commit the resolved changes after resolving conflicts

Function Overriding is a concept in object-oriented programming where a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its parent class.

• In Function Overriding, a subclass can provide a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its parent class.

• The method in the subclass must have the same name, return type, and parameters as the method in the parent class to override it.

• Function Overriding allows for polymorphism, wher...read more

Generate all possible combinations of a suite of cards

• Create an array of all possible card values (e.g. '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', 'J', 'Q', 'K', 'A')

• Create an array of all possible card suits (e.g. 'Hearts', 'Diamonds', 'Clubs', 'Spades')

• Iterate through the card values and suits to generate all combinations (e.g. '2 of Hearts', '3 of Hearts', '4 of Hearts', ...)

Project flow involves planning, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

• 1. Requirement gathering and analysis

• 2. Designing the architecture and database

• 3. Development of front-end and back-end components

• 4. Testing and debugging

• 5. Deployment and release

• 6. Maintenance and updates

I have used the MVC (Model-View-Controller) design pattern in my previous projects.

• Separates the application into three main components: Model (data), View (UI), and Controller (logic)

• Promotes code reusability, modularity, and easier maintenance

• Examples: ASP.NET MVC, Spring MVC, Ruby on Rails

Content negotiation in ASP .Net Web API allows clients to request data in different formats like JSON, XML, etc.

• Content negotiation is the process of selecting the best representation for a given response when there are multiple representations available.

• In ASP .Net Web API, content negotiation is handled by the MediaTypeFormatter class which selects the appropriate formatter based on the request headers.

• Clients can specify their preferred media type using the 'Accept' header...read more

ViewBag and ViewData are used in ASP.NET MVC to pass data from controller to view.

• ViewBag is a dynamic property that allows you to pass data from controller to view.

• ViewData is a dictionary object that allows you to pass data from controller to view.

• ViewBag is a dynamic object while ViewData is a dictionary object.

• Example: ViewBag.Title = 'Home Page'; ViewData['Message'] = 'Welcome to my website';

Frontend can connect to backend through API calls, web sockets, or GraphQL queries.

• Use API calls to send requests from frontend to backend and receive responses

• Implement web sockets for real-time communication between frontend and backend

• Utilize GraphQL queries to fetch specific data from backend as needed

Using LINQ query to order data in C#

• Use the OrderBy method to sort data in ascending order

• Use the OrderByDescending method to sort data in descending order

• You can also use ThenBy and ThenByDescending for secondary sorting

My strengths include problem-solving, adaptability, and teamwork.

• I am skilled in identifying and resolving complex technical issues.

• I am able to quickly adapt to new technologies and work environments.

• I am a team player and enjoy collaborating with others to achieve common goals.

Use SQL query with ORDER BY and LIMIT to find 3rd highest salary

• Use ORDER BY clause to sort salaries in descending order

• Use LIMIT 2,1 to skip first two highest salaries and get the third highest salary

Inheritance is an 'is-a' relationship where a class inherits properties and behaviors from another class. Composition is a 'has-a' relationship where a class contains an instance of another class.

• Inheritance involves creating a new class by using existing class's properties and behaviors.

• Composition involves creating a class that contains an instance of another class.

• Inheritance promotes code reusability and is used for 'is-a' relationships like a car is a vehicle.

• Composition...read more

Dependency injection is a design pattern used to remove hard-coded dependencies and make code more flexible and testable.

• It allows objects to be created with their dependencies rather than having to create them within the object itself.

• It promotes loose coupling between objects.

• It makes code more modular and easier to maintain.

• Examples include using a DI container like Unity or Autofac, or manually injecting dependencies through constructors or properties.

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to eliminate redundancy and improve data integrity.

• Normalization helps in reducing data redundancy by breaking down a large table into smaller, more manageable tables.

• It ensures that each piece of data is stored in only one place, reducing the chances of inconsistencies.

• Normalization follows a set of rules called normal forms, such as First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), etc.

• Each normal form has speci...read more

Handling stressful scenarios involves staying calm, prioritizing tasks, seeking support, and practicing self-care.

• Stay calm and take deep breaths to manage emotions

• Prioritize tasks based on urgency and importance

• Seek support from colleagues, mentors, or counselors

• Practice self-care activities like exercise, meditation, or hobbies

LSP is a principle of SOLID design that states that objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses.

• LSP stands for Liskov Substitution Principle

• It ensures that the behavior of the program remains consistent when a subclass is used in place of its superclass

• Violating LSP can lead to unexpected behavior and bugs

• Example: If a program expects a Bird object, it should be able to use any subclass of Bird (e.g. Eagle, Penguin) without issues

SQL is a programming language used to manage and manipulate relational databases. Queries are commands used to retrieve data from databases.

• SQL stands for Structured Query Language

• Queries are used to retrieve specific data from a database

• SQL can be used to create, modify, and delete databases and tables

• Examples of SQL commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE

String is a sequence of characters, while StringBuilder is a mutable sequence of characters used for efficient string manipulation.

• String is immutable, meaning once created, it cannot be changed. Any operation that appears to modify a string actually creates a new string object.

• StringBuilder is mutable, allowing for efficient manipulation of strings without creating new objects each time.

• Example: String str = "Hello"; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Hello"); sb.append("...read more

My expected CTC is based on my experience, skills, and the market rate for Dot Net Fullstack Developers.

• Consider my years of experience in Dot Net development

• Factor in my expertise in fullstack development technologies like Angular and React

• Research the current market rate for Dot Net Fullstack Developers in the location of the job

• Provide a range rather than a specific number to allow for negotiation

Yield keyword is used in C# to return a sequence of values one at a time.

• Yield keyword is used in iterator methods to return each element one by one.

• It allows the method to return multiple values without needing to store them all in memory.

• Yield return statement is used to return a value from the iterator method.