Gartner Senior Devops Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is azure devops what are the projects that you worked on Ci/Cd pipeline what are the branching strategies that you follow in your project
Ans. 
Azure DevOps is a cloud-based platform for managing the entire DevOps lifecycle.
• Azure DevOps provides tools for project management, version control, continuous integration and delivery, testing, and deployment.

• I have worked on projects that involved setting up CI/CD pipelines using Azure DevOps, managing releases, and automating testing.

• For branching strategies, I have used GitFlow and Trunk-based development depending...read more
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Q2. What are the projects that you have worked on
Ans. 
I have worked on various projects involving infrastructure automation, CI/CD pipelines, and cloud migration.
• Implemented infrastructure as code using tools like Terraform and Ansible

• Designed and built CI/CD pipelines using Jenkins and GitLab CI/CD

• Migrated on-premises applications to the cloud (AWS, Azure)

• Implemented monitoring and alerting solutions using tools like Prometheus and Grafana

• Worked on containerization using...read more
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Q3. What are ci cd pipelines
Ans. 
CI/CD pipelines are automated processes that build, test, and deploy code changes to production.
• CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment

• CI involves automatically building and testing code changes as they are made

• CD involves automatically deploying code changes to production

• Pipelines are made up of stages, such as build, test, and deploy

• Tools like Jenkins, Travis CI, and CircleCI are commonly used f...read more
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Q4. What are the branching strategies that you follow in your project
Ans. 
The branching strategies commonly followed in projects are feature branching, release branching, and trunk-based development.
• Feature branching involves creating a separate branch for each new feature or task.

• Release branching is used to create a stable branch for preparing and releasing a new version of the software.

• Trunk-based development promotes continuous integration by committing directly to the main branch.

• Other ...read more
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Q1. Basic screening of the all the devops concepts
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Q2. Coverd all the tools which i worked
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Q3. Github kubernates docker
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Q4. Promotous and grafana
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Q5. Terraform and opa tools
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Q1. Cycle of devops
Ans. 
The cycle of DevOps involves continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment to streamline software development and deployment processes.
• Continuous integration: Developers regularly merge their code changes into a central repository, where automated tests are run to detect integration issues.

• Continuous delivery: Code changes are automatically built, tested, and prepared for release to production,...read more
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Q2. Branches of deployment
Ans. 
Branches of deployment refer to different environments where code changes are deployed for testing and production.
• Development branch - where developers work on new features and bug fixes

• Testing branch - where code changes are tested before being merged into production

• Staging branch - a replica of the production environment used for final testing before deployment

• Production branch - where the final code changes are depl...read more
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Q1. Azure related questions
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Q2. DevOps related questions
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round started slow with some basic fundamental questions around OOPS and then paced up higher to some more advanced questions Java and Multithreading in Java in general.

Q1. Can you explain the SOLID principles in Object Oriented Design?
Ans. 
SOLID principles are a set of five design principles in object-oriented programming to make software more maintainable, flexible, and scalable.
• Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) - A class should have only one reason to change.

• Open/Closed Principle (OCP) - Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) - Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with...read more
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Q2. What is abstraction in Object-Oriented Programming?
Ans. 
Abstraction in OOP is the concept of hiding complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features to the outside world.
• Abstraction allows us to focus on what an object does instead of how it does it

• It helps in reducing complexity and improving maintainability of code

• Example: In a car, we don't need to know the internal workings of the engine to drive it
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Q3. How is an abstract class different from an interface?
Ans. 
Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.
• Abstract class can have constructors, fields, and methods with implementation.

• Interface can only have abstract methods and constants.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Example: Abstract class - Animal with abstract method 'eat', Interface - Flyable with metho...read more
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Q4. What is a classloader in Java?
Ans. 
A classloader in Java is a part of the Java Runtime Environment that dynamically loads Java classes into the Java Virtual Machine.
• Classloaders are responsible for loading classes at runtime based on the fully qualified name of the class.

• There are different types of classloaders in Java such as Bootstrap Classloader, Extension Classloader, and Application Classloader.

• Classloaders follow a delegation model where a classl...read more
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Q5. Why is Java considered platform independent, while the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is platform dependent?
Ans. 
Java is platform independent because it compiles code into bytecode that can run on any system with a JVM, which is platform dependent.
• Java code is compiled into bytecode, which is platform independent

• The JVM interprets the bytecode and translates it into machine code specific to the underlying platform

• This allows Java programs to run on any system with a JVM installed, making Java platform independent
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Q6. Can you tell us something about the JIT compiler?
Ans. 
JIT compiler stands for Just-In-Time compiler, which dynamically compiles and optimizes code during runtime.
• JIT compiler is used to improve the performance of applications by compiling code at runtime instead of ahead of time.

• It converts bytecode into native machine code on-the-fly, allowing for faster execution.

• Examples of JIT compilers include HotSpot for Java and V8 for JavaScript.
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Q7. Can you explain what a thread pool is?
Ans. 
A thread pool is a collection of worker threads that are used to execute tasks concurrently.
• Thread pools help manage and reuse threads to improve performance and reduce overhead.

• They limit the number of concurrent threads to prevent resource exhaustion.

• Tasks are submitted to the pool and executed by available threads.

• Example: Java's Executor framework provides implementations of thread pools like ThreadPoolExecutor.
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Q8. What is the difference between the interrupted() and isInterrupted() methods in Java?
Ans. 
interrupted() checks if the current thread has been interrupted, while isInterrupted() checks if a thread has been interrupted.
• interrupted() is a static method in the Thread class, while isInterrupted() is an instance method.

• interrupted() clears the interrupted status of the current thread, while isInterrupted() does not.

• Example: Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); System.out.println(Thread.interrupted()); // prints tr...read more
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round primarily focused on some major concepts in Spring Boot and Hibernate and had questions revolving around
that with some more questions from Microserviices and Java Design Patterns.

Q1. How many bean scopes are supported by Spring?
Ans. 
Spring supports five bean scopes: singleton, prototype, request, session, and application.
• Singleton scope creates a single instance per Spring IoC container.

• Prototype scope creates a new instance every time the bean is requested.

• Request scope creates a new instance for each HTTP request.

• Session scope creates a single instance per HTTP session.

• Application scope creates a single instance per ServletContext.
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Q2. What do you understand by autowiring in Spring Boot, and can you name the different modes of autowiring?
Ans. 
Autowiring in Spring Boot is a way to automatically inject dependencies into a Spring bean.
• Autowiring is a feature in Spring that allows the container to automatically inject the dependencies of a bean.

• There are different modes of autowiring in Spring: 'byName', 'byType', 'constructor', 'autodetect', and 'no'.

• For example, in 'byName' autowiring, Spring looks for a bean with the same name as the property being autowired...read more
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Q3. Can you explain the @RestController annotation in Spring Boot?
Ans. 
The @RestController annotation in Spring Boot is used to define a class as a RESTful controller.
• Used to create RESTful web services in Spring Boot

• Combines @Controller and @ResponseBody annotations

• Eliminates the need to annotate each method with @ResponseBody
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Q4. What does the @SpringBootApplication annotation do internally?
Ans. 
The @SpringBootApplication annotation is used to mark the main class of a Spring Boot application.
• It is a combination of @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration, and @ComponentScan annotations.

• It tells Spring Boot to start adding beans based on classpath settings, other beans, and various property settings.

• It also implicitly provides a base package for component scanning.

• Example: @SpringBootApplication

• Example: @Spring...read more
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Q5. Can you explain Spring Actuator and its advantages?
Ans. 
Spring Actuator is a set of production-ready features to help monitor and manage your application.
• Provides insights into application's health, metrics, and other useful information

• Enables monitoring and managing of application through HTTP endpoints

• Can be used to check application's health, view metrics, and even perform custom actions

• Helps in identifying and troubleshooting issues in production environment
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Q6. What are the concurrency strategies available in Hibernate?
Ans. 
Hibernate provides various concurrency strategies like optimistic locking, pessimistic locking, and versioning.
• Optimistic locking: Allows multiple transactions to read a row simultaneously, but only one can update it at a time. Uses versioning or timestamp to check for conflicts.

• Pessimistic locking: Locks the row for exclusive use by one transaction, preventing other transactions from accessing it until the lock is rel...read more
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Q7. Can you explain the working of Microservice Architecture?
Ans. 
Microservice architecture is an architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services.
• Microservices are small, independent services that work together to form a complete application.

• Each microservice is responsible for a specific business function and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.

• Communication between microservices is typically done through APIs.

• Microserv...read more
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Q8. What issues are generally addressed by Spring Cloud?
Ans. 
Spring Cloud addresses issues related to building and deploying cloud-native applications.
• Service discovery and registration

• Load balancing

• Circuit breakers

• Distributed configuration management

• Routing and gateway

• Monitoring and tracing
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Q9. Can you explain the Singleton design pattern?
Ans. 
Singleton design pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.
• Ensures a class has only one instance by providing a global access point to it

• Uses a private constructor to restrict instantiation of the class

• Provides a static method to access the single instance
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This is a cultural fitment testing round. HR was very frank and asked standard questions. Then we discussed about my
role.

Q1. Why should we hire you?
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Q2. Why are you looking for a job change?
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This is a case study round, you would be given 3 question out of which you will need to solve any 2.
Two question are algoritm based around designing datastructure and matrix problem
One question will be based om designing Database for a given requirement.

Q1. This is a follow up round after case study,where the interviewer will ask you about perfomance and scalability of questions is case study round. There might be few addition question on improving the soluti...read more
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Q1. This is a behaviour round where interviewer will see your fitiness for team. It basically has scenario based question . This is also elimination round
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Q1. What are services in Drupal?
Ans. 
Services in Drupal are reusable objects that perform specific functions, such as database queries or sending emails.
• Services are defined in YAML files and can be accessed throughout a Drupal site.

• They are used to encapsulate reusable functionality and promote code reusability.

• Examples of services in Drupal include the database service for interacting with the database, the mail service for sending emails, and the logge...read more
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Q2. How to debug in Drupal?
Ans. 
Debugging in Drupal involves using tools like Devel module, watchdog(), and error logs.
• Enable Devel module for debugging information

• Use watchdog() function to log messages to Drupal's watchdog log

• Check error logs for PHP errors and warnings

• Use dpm() function to print variables for debugging purposes
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