ESPIC CONSULTING PVT.LTD Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. What is split horison? How can we resolve it?
Ans. 
Split horizon is a technique used in computer networking to prevent routing loops by not advertising routes back to the same interface they were learned from.
• Split horizon is used in distance-vector routing protocols like RIP to prevent routing loops.

• It works by not advertising routes back to the same interface they were learned from.

• Split horizon with poison reverse takes this a step further by advertising the route w...read more
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Q2. What is BGP? How BGP works?
Ans. 
BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol, used to exchange routing information between different networks.
• BGP is an exterior gateway protocol used to make routing decisions on the internet.

• It operates by exchanging routing information between different autonomous systems (AS).

• BGP uses TCP port 179 for communication.

• BGP routers maintain a table of IP prefixes and their paths to reach them.

• BGP can be configured to influenc...read more
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Q3. What are the type of BGP and their AD value?
Ans. 
There are two types of BGP: eBGP and iBGP. eBGP has an AD value of 20, while iBGP has an AD value of 200.
• eBGP (External BGP) - AD value: 20

• iBGP (Internal BGP) - AD value: 200
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Q4. What is routing protocol? What are the types of routing protocol?
Ans. 
Routing protocol is a set of rules used by routers to determine the best path for data packets to travel.
• Routing protocols help routers communicate with each other to dynamically update routing tables.

• Types of routing protocols include distance-vector (e.g. RIP), link-state (e.g. OSPF), and hybrid (e.g. EIGRP).

• Distance-vector protocols determine the best path based on hop count.

• Link-state protocols use a more complex a...read more
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Q5. What is ospf?
Ans. 
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a routing protocol used to determine the best path for data packets in a network.
• OSPF is a link-state routing protocol

• It uses Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate the shortest path

• OSPF routers exchange link-state advertisements (LSAs) to build a topology map

• It supports VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) and CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

• OSPF divides the network into areas to re
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Q6. How do we prevent loop avoidance in BGP?
Ans. 
Preventing loop avoidance in BGP involves using loop prevention mechanisms like AS Path and Route Reflectors.
• Use AS Path attribute to prevent loops by tracking the path a route has taken through AS numbers.

• Implement Route Reflectors to avoid loops in BGP by controlling the route propagation within a cluster.

• Utilize BGP Confederations to divide the network into smaller autonomous systems to prevent loops.

• Regularly monit...read more
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Q7. What is OSI model? What are the layers of OSI model?
Ans. 
The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.
• The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model.

• It helps in understanding how data is transferred from one computer to another over a network.

• The seven layers of OSI model are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has speci...read more
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Q8. How does tracerout works?
Ans. 
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the path packets take from one networked device to another.
• Traceroute sends packets with increasing TTL values to determine the path to a destination.

• Each router along the path sends back an ICMP Time Exceeded message, allowing traceroute to map the route.

• The final destination sends an ICMP Port Unreachable message, indicating the end of the route.

• Traceroute helps i...read more
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Q9. If we see "*****" in tracerout, what it means?
Ans. 
The presence of '*****' in a traceroute indicates that the router is blocking the ICMP packets used by traceroute.
• The '*****' indicates that the router is not responding to the ICMP packets sent by the traceroute tool.

• This could be due to the router being configured to block ICMP traffic for security reasons.

• It can also be caused by a firewall or network filtering rules blocking the ICMP packets.

• In some cases, the '***...read more
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Q10. What are the states in BGP?
Ans. 
BGP states include Idle, Connect, Active, OpenSent, OpenConfirm, Established.
• Idle - Initial state when BGP is not yet established

• Connect - Attempting to establish a TCP connection

• Active - Waiting for a TCP connection to be completed

• OpenSent - Sent an Open message to peer

• OpenConfirm - Received an Open message and waiting for confirmation

• Established - BGP peers are fully established and can exchange routing information
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Q11. If there is a non tech guys on site to replace faulty router with new router, how do you configure the new router?
Ans. 
The new router can be configured remotely using a laptop or mobile device with access to the network.
• Access the router's web interface by entering its IP address in a web browser

• Login using default credentials or credentials provided by the company

• Configure basic settings such as SSID, password, and security settings

• Update firmware if necessary

• Test the connection to ensure it is working properly
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Q12. What are CE and PE routers?
Ans. 
CE and PE routers are types of routers used in MPLS networks. CE routers connect to customer networks while PE routers connect to provider networks.
• CE routers (Customer Edge) connect to customer networks and are responsible for exchanging routes with customer devices.

• PE routers (Provider Edge) connect to provider networks and are responsible for exchanging routes with other PE routers in the MPLS network.

• CE routers are...read more
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Q13. What is the command to assign an IP address on Juniper router interface?
Ans. 
The command to assign an IP address on a Juniper router interface is 'set interface <interface_name> unit <unit_number> family inet address <ip_address/mask>'
• Use the 'set' command to configure the interface

• Specify the interface name and unit number

• Use the 'family inet' statement to configure an IPv4 address

• Specify the IP address and subnet mask
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Q14. What are the parameters should match in BGP neighbourship?
Ans. 
Parameters for BGP neighbourship include AS number, IP address, subnet mask, and BGP version.
• AS number must match on both neighbors

• IP address must be reachable between neighbors

• Subnet mask should be the same on both neighbors

• BGP version should be compatible between neighbors
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Q15. What is tftp?
Ans. 
tftp stands for Trivial File Transfer Protocol, a simple protocol used for transferring files over a network.
• tftp is a lightweight protocol used for transferring files between devices on a network.

• It operates on UDP port 69.

• tftp does not require user authentication, making it less secure compared to FTP.

• It is commonly used for booting devices over a network, such as in diskless workstations or routers.

• An example of tft...read more
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Q1. What is loop avoidance mechanism in BGP?
Ans. 
Loop avoidance mechanism in BGP prevents routing loops by using loop prevention mechanisms like AS path attribute and route reflectors.
• BGP uses AS path attribute to prevent routing loops by not accepting routes with its own AS number in the path.

• Route reflectors are used in BGP to avoid loops in route propagation within a cluster of routers.

• BGP Confederations can also be used to prevent loops by dividing the AS into sm
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Q2. How tracerout works? What is source and destination IP?
Ans. 
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the path packets take from source to destination IP.
• Traceroute sends packets with increasing TTL values to elicit ICMP Time Exceeded responses from routers along the path.

• The source IP is the IP address of the device initiating the traceroute, while the destination IP is the IP address of the target device.

• Traceroute displays the IP addresses of the routers in the p...read more
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Q3. What is public IP and private IP?
Ans. 
Public IP is the address assigned to a device that is directly accessible over the internet, while private IP is used within a private network.
• Public IP is unique and can be accessed from anywhere on the internet

• Private IP is used within a local network and is not directly accessible from the internet

• Public IP is assigned by the Internet Service Provider (ISP)

• Private IP addresses are typically in the ranges of 192.168.
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Q4. How can we configure and a router with support of non tech guy onsite?
Ans. 
To configure a router with support of a non tech guy onsite, provide step-by-step instructions and visual aids.
• Create a simple, easy-to-follow guide with step-by-step instructions.

• Use visual aids such as diagrams or videos to demonstrate the process.

• Provide clear explanations of each step and troubleshoot common issues.

• Offer remote support or a helpline for additional assistance if needed.
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Q5. What is firewall?
Ans. 
A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
• Acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external network

• Filters network traffic based on rules set by the administrator

• Can be hardware-based or software-based

• Examples include Cisco ASA, Palo Alto Networks, and Windows Firewall
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Q6. What are the difference between router and switch?
Ans. 
Routers connect multiple networks together while switches connect devices within a single network.
• Routers operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, while switches operate at the data link layer (Layer 2).

• Routers use IP addresses to forward data between networks, while switches use MAC addresses to forward data within a network.

• Routers can determine the best path for data to travel between networks, while...read more
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Q7. What is mpls?
Ans. 
MPLS stands for Multiprotocol Label Switching, a technique used in telecommunications networks to direct data packets along predefined paths.
• MPLS is used to improve network performance and efficiency by quickly routing data packets based on labels instead of IP addresses.

• It allows for traffic engineering, quality of service (QoS) prioritization, and virtual private network (VPN) services.

• MPLS operates at layer 2.5 of t...read more
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Q8. How ftp and tftp works?
Ans. 
FTP and TFTP are protocols used for transferring files over a network.
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the internet.

• TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is a simpler version of FTP that uses UDP instead of TCP for file transfer.

• FTP requires authentication (username and password) for access, while TFTP does not ...read more
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Its very easy
Basic maths questions learned up to 10
Basic Apptitude questions

Q1. Tell me about your self Hi My name is Vikram Adithya I am an hard working and passionate engineering student currently perceiveing in gokaraju rangaraju institute of engineering and technology .I stay with...read more
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Q2. Intervier asked about what kind of problems did you solved in leetcode? I said palindrome factorial matrix multiplication etc . Intervier said every one can solve this
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Q3. He asked me about my project role i said I have done documentation in my project he said every one can do that
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Q4. He asked me to write project code
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Q5. He asked me any questions
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Inquiring about salary expectations will likely lead to an offer that does not exceed 30%, with 12% as a variable amount allocated for a performance bonus, which you may never receive, based on the rationale that your experience is not relevant, despite having a background in a related field such as voice processing. Additionally, do not anticipate clear job descriptions, as the company's approach is broad and diplomatic, reflecting a lack of transparency.

Q1. Tell me about yourself.
Ans. 
Experienced voice process executive with strong communication skills and a proven track record of delivering exceptional customer service.
• Over 5 years of experience in handling customer queries and resolving issues efficiently

• Proficient in using CRM software to track customer interactions and maintain records

• Skilled in active listening and problem-solving to ensure customer satisfaction

• Ability to work well under pressu
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Q2. Questions which are not relevant or the process and work criteria they are not aware of from previous job role,and if you have number or percentage in your resume then please remove it that will be ur ene...read more
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Q1. What are the aml and kyc requirements?
Ans. 
AML and KYC requirements are regulations that financial institutions must follow to prevent money laundering and verify the identity of their customers.
• AML (Anti-Money Laundering) requirements involve monitoring transactions, reporting suspicious activities, and conducting customer due diligence.

• KYC (Know Your Customer) requirements involve verifying the identity of customers, assessing their risk level, and maintainin...read more
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Q2. Why should we hire you, briefly describe a scenario where you would showcase a different skill or talent compared with your fellow employees?
Ans. 
I have a strong attention to detail and analytical skills that set me apart from my colleagues.
• I have a proven track record of accurately identifying and resolving discrepancies in KYC documentation.

• I excel at conducting thorough research and analysis to ensure compliance with regulations.

• My ability to effectively communicate complex information to stakeholders sets me apart in team collaborations.
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Q3. Strength and weakness?
Ans. 
Strength: attention to detail, Weakness: perfectionism
• Strength: Ability to meticulously review documents and identify discrepancies

• Strength: Strong analytical skills to detect potential risks or fraudulent activities

• Weakness: Striving for perfection may lead to spending too much time on a task

• Weakness: Difficulty in delegating tasks due to desire for everything to be done perfectly
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Q4. Project and achievements?
Ans. 
Implemented a new KYC process resulting in 30% reduction in onboarding time and 20% decrease in errors.
• Led a team to revamp KYC procedures and systems

• Introduced automation tools to streamline verification process

• Trained staff on updated KYC regulations and best practices
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Q5. Are you a team player? What do you do when you don’t get along with certain colleagues? How do you manage conflict resolution?
Ans. 
Yes, I am a team player. I believe in open communication and collaboration. When conflicts arise, I address them directly and seek resolution.
• I believe in open communication and collaboration within the team.

• I address conflicts directly and seek resolution through constructive conversations.

• I focus on finding common ground and working towards a solution that benefits the team as a whole.
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Q6. Provide a situation where you might have failed previously? What has that experience taught you?
Ans. 
I failed to meet a deadline due to poor time management.
• Underestimated the time needed for a project

• Did not prioritize tasks effectively

• Learned to create a detailed schedule and set realistic deadlines
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General English grammar knowledge and some calculations

Q1. CTC and expected salary details?
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Q2. No you cannot negotiate and end up taking what they give you!
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Q3. No relocation time, do it during weekends
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Q4. No target compensation or other benefits
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Q5. If ur employed through agency or consultancy you will be always a contingent and treated less than permanent employees
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Q6. 12 hours a day, 6 days a week, no social or life balance
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It was a technicaL + aptitude test with 60 minutes duration.

Q1. Basic questions regarding the projects that i have done.
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Q2. They asked me about my favourite subjects and then they asked some basic questions regarding those subjects.
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Q1. HR round in TCE is not an interview round rather it is a video assessment wherein we were given with two HR questions and we have to record a video answering the questions. maximum duration of the video sh...read more
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Asked coding questions on Python and SQL
Python - find longest non repeating substring
SQL - join and window function

Develop a production-grade application in Python that analyzes data and provides answers to questions based on the dataset.

Q1. System design and project based questions
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Q2. Scenario-based questions that can help assess how you handle various situations
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I have given 4 rounds of WNS and was selected. They congratulated me for being selected and then asked me the documents. But later HR and Interviewer both stopped picking my call and then told me after 15-20 days we are putting you on hold and not proceeding with your application

Q1. Why you are taking less salary
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Q1. Why are you leaving your current job
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Q2. NA
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Q1. Why are you not satisfied by your current job
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Q1. Introduce yourself. Roles and Projects you were part of.
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Q2. SQL joins, CTEs, Snowflake
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Q3. Python libraries, data cleaning techniques
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