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HashMap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and allows for fast retrieval of values based on keys.
HashMap uses hashing to store and retrieve key-value pairs efficiently.
Keys in a HashMap must be unique, but values can be duplicated.
HashMap allows for null keys and null values.
Example: HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("apple", 5); int value = map.get("apple");
Choosing between hybrid and WFH depends on productivity, collaboration, and personal preference.
Hybrid allows for face-to-face collaboration, enhancing team dynamics.
WFH offers flexibility, reducing commute time and increasing work-life balance.
Some roles benefit from in-person interaction, like brainstorming sessions.
WFH can lead to distractions at home, while hybrid can provide structure.
Consider company culture...
React is better than Angular due to its flexibility, performance, and community support.
React allows for more flexibility in terms of architecture and state management compared to Angular.
React's virtual DOM leads to better performance by only updating the necessary components, while Angular's two-way data binding can cause performance issues.
React has a larger and more active community, providing better support a...
Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on the command line to assemble an image.
Dockerfile is used to build Docker images by specifying a series of instructions.
Each instruction in a Dockerfile creates a layer in the image.
Common instructions include FROM, RUN, COPY, CMD, and ENTRYPOINT.
Example: FROM ubuntu:latest, RUN apt-get update, COPY . /app, CMD ["python", "app.py"]
A Docker file contains instructions to build a Docker image.
Specifies the base image
Sets environment variables
Installs dependencies
Copies files into the image
Defines commands to run when the container starts
Our current project framework is based on Selenium WebDriver and TestNG for automated testing of web applications.
Utilizes Selenium WebDriver for automating web browser interactions
Uses TestNG for test case management and execution
Integrates with Jenkins for continuous integration and deployment
Automate with one by one array using Selenium code
Create an array of strings
Iterate through the array and perform actions on each element
Use Selenium commands to interact with web elements
Regression is the process of retesting a software application after changes have been made to ensure that the existing functionalities are not affected.
Regression testing is done to make sure that new code changes do not adversely impact the existing functionality of the software.
It involves running previously executed test cases to check if any defects have been introduced due to recent code modifications.
Regress...
SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) is a process used by software development teams to design, develop, test, and deploy software.
SDLC consists of several phases including planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.
Each phase has its own set of activities and deliverables that must be completed before moving on to the next phase.
Examples of SDLC models include Waterfall, Agile, and Dev...
My Selenium framework is a data-driven framework using TestNG for test execution and reporting.
Uses TestNG for test execution and reporting
Data-driven framework for easy maintenance and scalability
Utilizes Page Object Model for better code organization and reusability
I appeared for an interview in Mar 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
Playwright offers modern features and capabilities that enhance automation testing compared to Selenium.
Multi-Browser Support: Playwright supports multiple browsers (Chromium, Firefox, WebKit) with a single API, simplifying cross-browser testing.
Auto-Waiting: Playwright automatically waits for elements to be ready before performing actions, reducing flakiness in tests.
Headless Mode: Playwright runs tests in headless mo...
This Java program removes duplicate characters from a string, preserving the order of first occurrences.
Using a Set: Utilize a HashSet to track seen characters and build a new string with unique characters. Example: 'hello' becomes 'helo'.
StringBuilder: Use StringBuilder to efficiently construct the result string as you iterate through the original string.
Character Check: For each character in the string, check if it i...
This Java program generates the Fibonacci series starting from a given number, showcasing iterative and recursive approaches.
Fibonacci Series Definition: The Fibonacci series is a sequence where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, starting from 0 and 1.
Input Handling: The program should accept a starting number from which to generate the Fibonacci series.
Iterative Approach: Use a loop to calculate and pri...
Flaky tests in Playwright can be managed through retries, proper synchronization, and consistent test environments.
Implement retries: Use Playwright's built-in retry mechanism to rerun flaky tests automatically.
Improve synchronization: Ensure elements are fully loaded before interacting with them using methods like 'waitForSelector'.
Use stable selectors: Avoid using dynamic selectors that may change; prefer stable attr...
Object-oriented programming in Java focuses on using objects to design applications, promoting code reusability and modularity.
Encapsulation: Bundling data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit or class. Example: class Car { private String color; public void setColor(String c) { color = c; } }
Inheritance: Mechanism where one class can inherit fields and methods from another cl...
Multiple inheritance allows a class to inherit from multiple classes, but Java avoids it to prevent complexity and ambiguity.
Definition: Multiple inheritance is when a class can inherit features from more than one parent class.
Java's Approach: Java does not support multiple inheritance with classes to avoid the 'Diamond Problem', where ambiguity arises in method resolution.
Interfaces: Java allows multiple inheritance t...
Agile ceremonies are structured meetings that facilitate collaboration, planning, and review in Agile software development.
Sprint Planning: A meeting where the team discusses what work will be done in the upcoming sprint, setting goals and defining tasks. For example, a team may decide to implement new features based on user feedback.
Daily Stand-up: A short daily meeting (usually 15 minutes) where team members share wh...
Automating stories without test cases involves understanding requirements, exploratory testing, and creating new test cases.
Understand Requirements: Thoroughly review user stories and acceptance criteria to grasp the functionality and expected outcomes.
Exploratory Testing: Perform exploratory testing to identify critical paths and edge cases, documenting findings to create test cases.
Create Test Cases: Based on the und...
The PR process involves creating, reviewing, and merging code changes to ensure quality and collaboration in software development.
Creating a Pull Request (PR): A developer initiates a PR after completing a feature or bug fix, providing a description of changes made.
Code Review: Team members review the PR for code quality, adherence to standards, and potential issues, often leaving comments for improvements.
Continuous I...
Use a Set to remove duplicate numbers from an array of strings.
Create a Set from the array to automatically remove duplicates
Convert the Set back to an array if needed
var, let, and const are used to declare variables in JavaScript with different scopes and mutability.
var is function-scoped and can be redeclared and updated
let is block-scoped and can be updated but not redeclared
const is block-scoped and cannot be updated or redeclared
I applied via Recruitment Consulltant and was interviewed in Oct 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
I applied via Naukri.com
Dependency Injection is a design pattern where components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.
Allows for easier testing by mocking dependencies
Promotes loose coupling between components
Improves code reusability and maintainability
Routings in MVC define how the application responds to client requests.
Routings map URLs to controller actions in MVC framework
Routes are defined in RouteConfig.cs file in ASP.NET MVC
Routes can include parameters and constraints
Example: routes.MapRoute('Default', '{controller}/{action}/{id}', new { controller = 'Home', action = 'Index', id = UrlParameter.Optional })
Garbage collection is an automatic memory management process used in programming languages to reclaim memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use.
Garbage collection automatically identifies and deletes objects in memory that are no longer needed by the program.
It helps prevent memory leaks and improves the efficiency of memory usage.
Examples of programming languages that use garbage collection include Java, C#...
Secure WEB API in .NET by using authentication, authorization, HTTPS, and input validation.
Use authentication mechanisms like JWT tokens or OAuth for secure access.
Implement authorization to control which users have access to specific resources.
Enable HTTPS to encrypt data transmitted between client and server.
Implement input validation to prevent injection attacks like SQL injection or cross-site scripting.
Stored procedures are precompiled SQL queries stored in the database, while functions are reusable blocks of code that return a value.
Stored procedures are used for performing specific tasks or operations in the database.
Functions are used to encapsulate logic and can be called from within SQL queries or other functions.
Stored procedures can have input and output parameters, while functions always return a value.
Stored...
I appeared for an interview in Apr 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
I want to join Cybage for its innovative culture, commitment to employee growth, and the opportunity to work on impactful projects.
Cybage is known for its strong emphasis on innovation, which aligns with my passion for technology and problem-solving.
The company's commitment to employee development through training programs and mentorship is something I highly value.
I am excited about the opportunity to work on diverse ...
Inbound calls are received by the company from customers, while outbound calls are made by the company to customers.
Inbound calls are initiated by customers seeking assistance or information.
Outbound calls are initiated by the company for sales, marketing, or follow-up purposes.
Inbound calls are typically toll-free for customers, while outbound calls may incur charges.
Examples: Inbound call - Customer calling a technic...
Serverless refers to a cloud computing model where the cloud provider manages the infrastructure and automatically allocates resources as needed.
Serverless computing allows developers to focus on writing code without worrying about managing servers or infrastructure.
Resources are dynamically allocated and scaled based on demand, leading to cost efficiency.
Examples of serverless platforms include AWS Lambda, Azure Funct...
Azure Functions is a serverless compute service that allows you to run event-triggered code without managing infrastructure.
Azure Functions allows you to write small pieces of code that run in response to events.
It supports multiple programming languages like C#, JavaScript, Python, etc.
Functions can be triggered by various events like HTTP requests, timers, queues, etc.
Azure Functions automatically scales based on dem...
Microservices are a software development technique where applications are composed of small, independent services that communicate with each other.
Microservices break down applications into smaller, loosely coupled services
Each service is responsible for a specific function and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently
Communication between services is typically done through APIs
Examples of companies using mi...
Microservices are smaller, independent services that work together, while Monolithic is a single, large application.
Microservices are smaller, independent services that can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.
Monolithic architecture is a single, large application where all components are tightly coupled.
Microservices promote flexibility, scalability, and fault isolation.
Monolithic applications are easier t...
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The duration of Cybage interview process can vary, but typically it takes about less than 2 weeks to complete.
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