CtrlS Associate Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

There was an OA which comprised of Aptitude questions, as well as Technical questions. And, there was a single coding question(Basic level)

Q1. This round was with the CTO of the company and manager, and CHRO of the company. Questions related to project were asked.
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Q2. Tell me something that is not there in your resume. Describe any one of your project in detail What is S3 architecture? Difference between GET and POST Describe HTTP Response
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It was online assessment

Q1. Questions were mainly from oops c++ and database management
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Q2. What is four pillars of oops. What is array and vector. Implement queue using stack. Project based questions.
Ans. 
The four pillars of OOP are encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. Arrays are fixed-size data structures, while vectors are dynamic arrays. A queue can be implemented using two stacks.
• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Inheritance: Creating new classes based on existing classes, inheriting their attributes and methods.

• Polymorphism: Objects of differe...read more
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Q3. Four pillars of opps
Ans. 
The four pillars of object-oriented programming are encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Inheritance: Allowing a new class to inherit properties and behavior from an existing class.

• Polymorphism: The ability for objects of different classes to respond to the same message.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementatio...read more
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Q4. What is dbms explain
Ans. 
DBMS stands for Database Management System. It is a software system that allows users to define, create, maintain and control access to databases.
• DBMS is a software system that manages databases.

• It allows users to define, create, maintain, and control access to databases.

• DBMS provides tools for data manipulation, retrieval, and security.

• Examples of DBMS include MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and PostgreSQL.
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Q5. What isSQL.and some queries
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Easy level questions

Q1. Difference between object and constructor?
Ans. 
Object is an instance of a class with its own state and behavior, while constructor is a special method used to initialize objects.
• Object is created from a class using the 'new' keyword.

• Constructor is a special method with the same name as the class.

• Object has its own state (attributes) and behavior (methods).

• Constructor is used to initialize the state of an object when it is created.

• Example: Class Car { constructor(ma...read more
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Q2. Difference between abstraction and encapsulation?
Ans. 
Abstraction focuses on hiding the implementation details while encapsulation focuses on bundling the data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.
• Abstraction is the concept of hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features of an object.

• Encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Abstraction allows for creating simple in...read more
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Quant, logical reasoning, mathematics

Q1. Access modifiers
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Q2. Diff between abstract class and interface Difference between array and array list Difference between method overloading and overriding Pillars of oops Deadlock Normalisation
Ans. 
Abstract class is a class with abstract methods, interface is a contract with only abstract methods. Array is fixed size, ArrayList is dynamic. Method overloading is same method with different parameters, overriding is redefining a method. OOP pillars are inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, abstraction. Deadlock is a situation where two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other...read more
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Easy applitute question with 1 coding question at the end

Q1. String builder vs string buffer
Ans. 
String builder is faster but not thread-safe, while string buffer is slower but thread-safe.
• String builder is recommended for single-threaded applications for better performance.

• String buffer is recommended for multi-threaded applications to ensure thread safety.

• Example: StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();
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Q2. Final keyword in oops
Ans. 
The final keyword in OOP is used to restrict the user from changing the value of a variable, overriding a method, or inheriting from a class.
• Final variable: value cannot be changed once assigned

• Final method: cannot be overridden in child classes

• Final class: cannot be inherited by other classes
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Q3. Bsf graph explanation
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BSF graph explanation
• BFS (Breadth-First Search) is a graph traversal algorithm that explores all the neighbor nodes at the present depth before moving on to the nodes at the next depth.

• It uses a queue data structure to keep track of the nodes to visit next.

• BFS is often used to find the shortest path in an unweighted graph.

• Example: BFS can be used to find the shortest path in a maze from the starting point to the exit.
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