Coursera Student Trainee Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Difference between var, let, const.
Ans. 
var, let, and const are all used to declare variables in JavaScript, but they have different scoping rules and behaviors.
• var has function scope and can be redeclared and reassigned

• let has block scope and can be reassigned but not redeclared

• const has block scope and cannot be reassigned or redeclared

• Use const for values that won't change, let for values that will, and avoid var
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Q2. Explain CSS box model. Do padding and margin apply to inline elements?
Ans. 
CSS box model defines the layout of elements on a webpage. Padding and margin can apply to block-level elements but not to inline elements.
• CSS box model consists of content, padding, border, and margin around an element.

• Padding adds space inside the border of an element.

• Margin adds space outside the border of an element.

• Padding and margin can apply to block-level elements like <div> but not to inline elements lik
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Q3. Difference between arrow functions and regular ones.
Ans. 
Arrow functions are shorter syntax for writing function expressions.
• Arrow functions do not have their own 'this' keyword.

• Arrow functions cannot be used as constructors.

• Arrow functions do not have the 'arguments' object.

• Arrow functions are more concise and easier to read.

• Regular functions are better for methods and constructors.
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Q4. How does JavaScript asynchronous model work
Ans. 
JavaScript asynchronous model allows non-blocking code execution by using callbacks and promises.
• JavaScript uses an event loop to handle asynchronous operations.

• Callbacks are functions passed as arguments to other functions and executed when the operation is complete.

• Promises are objects that represent the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation.

• Async/await is a newer syntax that allows writing asyn...read more
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

It was an coding round

Q1. 
The Skyline Problem
Compute the skyline of given rectangular buildings in a 2D city, eliminating hidden lines and forming the outer contour of the silhouette when viewed from a distance. Each building is ...read more
Ans. 
Compute the skyline of given rectangular buildings in a 2D city, eliminating hidden lines and forming the outer contour of the silhouette.
• Iterate through the buildings and create a list of critical points (x, y) where the height changes.

• Sort the critical points based on x-coordinate and process them to form the skyline.

• Merge consecutive horizontal segments of equal height into one to ensure no duplicates.

• Return the fin...read more
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Q2. 
Rat in a Maze Problem Statement
You need to determine all possible paths for a rat starting at position (0, 0) in a square maze to reach its destination at (N-1, N-1). The maze is represented as an N*N ma...read more
Ans. 
Find all possible paths for a rat in a maze from source to destination.
• Use backtracking to explore all possible paths in the maze.

• Keep track of visited cells to avoid revisiting them.

• Recursively try moving in all directions (up, down, left, right) until reaching the destination.

• Return a list of strings representing valid paths sorted in alphabetical order.
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

It was an HR round with some general questions. it was just for formality.

Basic coding and MySQL queries. Like Types of join, having and where difference etc.

Q1. Salary Discussion.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Q1. 
Path Queries Problem Statement
Consider a weighted, undirected graph with 'V' vertices numbered from 1 to 'V' and 'E' bidirectional edges. You are tasked with handling 'Q' queries. For each query, you are...read more
Ans. 
Implement a function to find the shortest distance between two vertices in a weighted, undirected graph.
• Use Dijkstra's algorithm to find the shortest path between the given vertices.

• Create a graph data structure to represent the weighted, undirected graph.

• Handle cases where no path exists between the given vertices by returning -1.

• Optimize the algorithm to handle multiple queries efficiently.

• Consider edge cases such as...read more
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Q2. 
Merge Sort Algorithm Problem Statement
Your task is to sort a sequence of numbers stored in the array ‘ARR’ in non-descending order using the Merge Sort algorithm.
Explanation:
Merge Sort is a divide-an...read more
Ans. 
Implement Merge Sort algorithm to sort a sequence of numbers in non-descending order.
• Divide the input array into two halves recursively

• Sort the two halves separately

• Merge the sorted halves to produce a fully sorted array

• Time complexity of Merge Sort is O(n log n)

• Example: Input - [5, 2, 9, 1, 5], Output - [1, 2, 5, 5, 9]
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Q3. 
Rat in a Maze: All Paths Problem
You are provided with an N * N maze where a rat is positioned at starting cell MAZE[0][0]. The goal is to determine and print all possible paths that the rat can take to r...read more
Ans. 
Given an N * N maze with binary values, find and print all possible paths for a rat to reach the destination cell.
• Use backtracking to explore all possible paths from the starting cell to the destination cell.

• At each cell, check if it is a valid move (within bounds and not blocked), then recursively explore all four directions.

• Keep track of the path taken so far and mark the cells accordingly.

• Once the destination cell i...read more
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Q1. How was my overall experience during 3 year articleship?
Ans. It was basically related to internal audit of power industry based company.
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Q2. Do I have prepared the accounts of company?
Ans. Yes, to some extent i have also prepared the accounts of clients of our firm.
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Q1. Why i am choosing this company?
Ans. As it is a startup company I expect to learn new things from here as compared to other well established and system oriented organisation and also help the company to grow in near future.
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Q1. Why I am choosing this company when i have a offer letter from other company having package higher than this ?
Ans. The profile of mine in this company is such that at beginning of my career I want to start as same.
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Q1. What is OOPS concepts.
Ans. 
OOPS concepts refer to Object-Oriented Programming principles like inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction.
• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation detail
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Q2. What is PDO and uses in PHP.
Ans. 
PDO stands for PHP Data Objects, a database access layer providing a uniform method of access to multiple databases.
• PDO is a PHP extension that provides a data-access abstraction layer.

• It supports multiple database systems like MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, etc.

• PDO helps prevent SQL injection attacks by using prepared statements.

• It allows for error handling and supports transactions.

• Example: $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=loc...read more
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Q1. What makes you a suitable candidate for this position?
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Q2. Where do you envision yourself in five years?
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