Contours Consulting Engineer Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is the SQL query to find the second highest rank in a dataset?
Ans. 
Use a subquery to find the second highest rank in a dataset.
• Use a subquery to select the maximum rank from the dataset.

• Then use another subquery to select the maximum rank that is less than the maximum rank found in the first subquery.
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Q2. What is a program to determine whether a number is odd or even?
Ans. 
A simple program using modulo operator to determine if a number is odd or even.
• Use the modulo operator (%) to check if the number divided by 2 leaves a remainder

• If the remainder is 0, the number is even. If the remainder is 1, the number is odd

• Example: num % 2 == 0 (even), num % 2 == 1 (odd)
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Q1. What is the usage of Yield keyword
Ans. 
Yield keyword is used in Python to pause and resume a generator function.
• Yield keyword is used to return a value from a generator function and pause its execution.

• When the generator function is called again, it resumes from where it was paused.

• Yield can be used in a loop to generate a sequence of values without storing them all in memory.

• Example: def my_generator(): yield 1 yield 2 yield 3
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Q2. How will you n number of parmeters to a function where you n is variable number and you don't know the parameters that will be received
Ans. 
Use variadic arguments in C++ to handle variable number of parameters in a function
• Use variadic arguments in C++ to create a function that can accept any number of parameters

• Example: void myFunction(int firstParam, ...)

• Access the parameters using va_list and va_start macros

• Example: va_list args; va_start(args, firstParam); int nextParam = va_arg(args, int);

• End the argument list with va_end macro
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Q3. SQL join query and use aggregate function in it
Ans. 
SQL join query combines data from multiple tables based on a related column, and aggregate functions perform calculations on grouped data.
• Use JOIN keyword to combine data from multiple tables based on a related column

• Use aggregate functions like SUM, AVG, COUNT, etc. to perform calculations on grouped data

• Example: SELECT orders.order_id, SUM(order_details.quantity) FROM orders JOIN order_details ON orders.order_id = or
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Q4. Software management framework that I am following, and different scrum terminologies
Ans. 
I follow the Agile software management framework and am familiar with various Scrum terminologies.
• Agile software management framework focuses on iterative development and collaboration.

• Scrum is a specific Agile framework that includes roles like Scrum Master and Product Owner.

• Some Scrum terminologies include Sprint, Daily Standup, Backlog, and User Stories.
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Q1. Node.js question were asked
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Q2. Project questions were also being asked
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Q1. General Behavioural questions
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Q2. Culture fit questions
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Q1. What is JAVA in software
Ans. 
JAVA is a high-level programming language used for developing applications and software.
• Object-oriented programming language

• Platform-independent

• Used for web development, mobile apps, enterprise software

• Has a large standard library

• Supports multithreading and networking
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Q2. What is oracle in software
Ans. 
Oracle in software refers to Oracle Corporation, a multinational computer technology corporation known for its database management systems.
• Oracle is a leading provider of relational database management systems (RDBMS).

• It offers a wide range of products and services for data management, cloud applications, and more.

• Oracle databases are widely used in enterprise applications for storing and managing data efficiently.

• Exam...read more
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Q1. Code for Hello World
Ans. 
Simple code to print 'Hello World'
• Use a print statement to display 'Hello World'

• In Python: print('Hello World')

• In Java: System.out.println('Hello World')
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Q2. Code for printing algo
Ans. 
Code for printing algorithm in software development.
• Use loops to iterate through the data to be printed.

• Consider formatting options such as spacing and alignment.

• Handle edge cases like empty input or invalid data.

• Example: for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { System.out.println(array[i]); }
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Q1. Different arrays in string types
Ans. 
Arrays of string types are collections of strings stored in a single variable.
• Arrays can be declared and initialized with string values like ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'].

• Access individual strings in the array using index like array[0] for 'apple'.

• Perform operations like sorting or filtering on arrays of strings.
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Q2. Different strings in array texts
Ans. 
Comparing different strings in an array of texts.
• Iterate through the array and compare each string with the others.

• Use a nested loop to compare each pair of strings.

• Consider using a hash map to store the frequency of each unique string for efficient comparison.
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Q1. Different dS in software engineer
Ans. 
Different design patterns in software engineering
• Creational patterns (e.g. Singleton, Factory)

• Structural patterns (e.g. Adapter, Decorator)

• Behavioral patterns (e.g. Observer, Strategy)
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Q2. Diff types in string test types
Ans. 
Different types of string test types include equality, containment, length, case sensitivity, and pattern matching.
• Equality test: comparing two strings to see if they are exactly the same

• Containment test: checking if a string contains a specific substring

• Length test: determining the length of a string

• Case sensitivity test: checking if two strings are equal while considering case

• Pattern matching test: using regular expr
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Q1. Basic Java questions, multi threading, springboot
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Q1. Live coding round. Largest common prefix
Ans. 
Find the largest common prefix among an array of strings
• Iterate through the characters of the first string and compare with the corresponding characters of other strings

• Stop when a mismatch is found or when reaching the end of any string

• Return the prefix found so far
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Q1. Struts framework question
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Q2. Working flow of struts
Ans. 
Struts is a framework for building Java web applications based on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern.
• Struts framework is based on MVC architecture

• It uses ActionServlet as the controller

• Struts configuration is done using XML files like struts-config.xml

• It provides built-in support for form validation and error handling

• Struts actions are mapped to URLs in struts-config.xml
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Q1. What is static constructor
Ans. 
Static constructor is a special type of constructor in a class that is called only once when the class is loaded into memory.
• Static constructor is used to initialize static data members of a class.

• It is automatically called by the .NET Framework when the class is loaded.

• Static constructor does not take any parameters.

• It is used to perform any necessary initialization before any instance of the class is created.
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Q2. What is solid principles
Ans. 
SOLID principles are a set of five design principles that help make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.
• Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) - A class should have only one reason to change.

• Open/Closed Principle (OCP) - Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) - Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects o...read more
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Q1. Git branching strategy
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Q2. Use of git revert
Ans. 
Git revert is used to undo changes made in a commit by creating a new commit that undoes the changes.
• Git revert is used to undo changes made in a specific commit without altering the commit history.

• It creates a new commit that undoes the changes introduced by the specified commit.

• Git revert is useful for reverting changes without losing the commit history or affecting other team members' work.

• Example: git revert
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Q3. Merging process
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Q1. Jenkis node , what is the use
Ans. 
Jenkins node is a machine that executes tasks as part of a Jenkins build process.
• Jenkins nodes can be physical machines or virtual machines.

• Nodes can be configured to run specific types of jobs or tasks.

• Nodes help distribute workload and improve efficiency in Jenkins pipelines.
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Q2. How do we name to the node
Ans. 
Nodes can be named based on their functionality, purpose, or position in a hierarchy.
• Name based on functionality (e.g. loginNode, paymentNode)

• Name based on purpose (e.g. validationNode, processingNode)

• Name based on position in hierarchy (e.g. parentNode, childNode)
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Q3. What are the plugins used in jenkins
Ans. 
Jenkins has a wide range of plugins for various functionalities.
• Pipeline plugins (e.g. Pipeline, Multibranch Pipeline)

• SCM plugins (e.g. Git, SVN)

• Build and test plugins (e.g. Maven, JUnit)

• Notification plugins (e.g. Email, Slack)

• Monitoring plugins (e.g. Prometheus, Grafana)
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Q4. What is jenkins library
Ans. 
Jenkins library is a collection of reusable code that can be shared across multiple Jenkins pipelines.
• Jenkins library allows for code reuse and sharing across pipelines

• It helps in maintaining consistency and reducing duplication of code

• Libraries can be stored in version control systems like Git and referenced in Jenkins pipelines
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Q5. How we integrate other tools to jenkins
Ans. 
Integrating other tools to Jenkins involves using plugins and configuring build pipelines.
• Install the necessary plugins for the tools you want to integrate with Jenkins

• Configure the tools in Jenkins global configuration settings

• Create build pipelines that include steps for interacting with the integrated tools

• Use Jenkins API to automate interactions with external tools
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Q6. What else jenkins do
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Q7. Diff b/w docker and docker swarm
Ans. 
Docker is a containerization platform for running applications in isolated environments, while Docker Swarm is a tool for orchestrating multiple Docker containers across multiple hosts.
• Docker is used for creating and managing containers, while Docker Swarm is used for managing multiple containers across multiple hosts.

• Docker is suitable for single host deployments, while Docker Swarm is suitable for multi-host deployme...read more
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Q8. Differentiate k8s from docker swarm
Ans. 
K8s is a container orchestration tool while Docker Swarm is a clustering and scheduling tool for Docker containers.
• K8s is more widely used and has a larger community support compared to Docker Swarm.

• K8s supports more advanced features like auto-scaling, self-healing, and rolling updates.

• Docker Swarm is easier to set up and manage for smaller scale deployments.

• K8s uses declarative configuration while Docker Swarm uses i...read more
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Q9. Prepare all commands for devops tool must
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Q10. What is git hooks
Ans. 
Git hooks are scripts that run automatically before or after certain Git commands are executed.
• Git hooks are customizable scripts that can be triggered by specific Git events.

• They can be used to enforce coding standards, run tests, or automate deployment processes.

• Examples of Git hooks include pre-commit, post-commit, pre-push, and post-merge hooks.
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Q11. What is https and ssh cloning
Ans. 
HTTPS is a secure communication protocol used for secure communication over the internet. SSH cloning is a method of cloning a repository using the SSH protocol.
• HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure and is used to secure communication over the internet.

• It encrypts the data being transmitted between the client and the server, providing a secure connection.

• SSH cloning is a method of cloning a Git repository...read more
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1 hour coding round test on coderpad. 2 questions asked. Questions were of easy and medium level.