Congruex Asia Pacific Osp Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

The type of transformer used in telecom tower sites is typically a step-down transformer.

• Step-down transformers are used to reduce the high voltage from the power grid to a lower voltage suitable for telecom equipment.

• These transformers are usually single-phase and have a power rating of a few kilovolt-amperes (kVA).

• They are designed to provide a stable and reliable power supply to the telecom equipment at the tower si...read more

SMPS stands for Switched Mode Power Supply, which is an electronic power supply that uses a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently.

• SMPS is commonly used in electronic devices such as computers, televisions, and mobile phones.

• It uses a switching regulator to convert AC power to DC power.

• SMPS is more efficient than traditional linear power supplies.

• It can be designed to provide different output volta...read more

A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).

• Rectifiers are commonly used in power supplies and electronic devices.

• They typically consist of diodes that allow current to flow in only one direction.

• Rectifiers can be half-wave or full-wave, depending on the number of diodes used.

• Examples of rectifiers include bridge rectifiers, vacuum tube rectifiers, and solid-state r

PAC stands for Programmable Automation Controller, a type of industrial control system used for automation and monitoring.

• PACs are similar to PLCs but have more advanced capabilities such as data processing and communication.

• They are used in various industries including manufacturing, energy, and transportation.

• PACs can be programmed using various languages such as ladder logic, structured text, and C++.

• Examples of PAC...read more

OTDR stands for Optical Time Domain Reflectometer. It is a device used to measure the characteristics of an optical fiber.

• OTDR is commonly used in the telecommunications industry to troubleshoot and maintain fiber optic networks.

• It sends a series of light pulses into the fiber and measures the time and intensity of the reflections to determine the length, loss, and quality of the fiber.

• OTDR can locate faults, such as b...read more

LSPM stands for Local Service Provider Management.

• LSPM is a system or process used to manage and coordinate local service providers.

• It involves selecting, contracting, and overseeing the performance of local service providers.

• LSPM ensures that local service providers meet the required standards and deliver quality services.

• Examples of local service providers include contractors, vendors, and suppliers.

• LSPM helps in opt...read more

Soil types can vary greatly and are classified based on their composition, texture, and fertility.

• Soil types include clay, silt, sand, loam, and peat.

• Clay soil is heavy and retains water, while sandy soil is loose and drains quickly.

• Loam soil is a balanced mixture of clay, silt, and sand, ideal for plant growth.

• Soil fertility is determined by its nutrient content and organic matter.

• Different soil types require differen...read more

Transformers are rated in KVA because it represents the apparent power they can handle.

• KVA stands for kilovolt-ampere, which is a unit of apparent power.

• Transformers are designed to handle a certain amount of power, and the KVA rating indicates their capacity.

• The KVA rating takes into account both the voltage and current that the transformer can handle.

• It helps in determining the appropriate size and capacity of the tr...read more

The ground clearance of a 400KV transmission line varies depending on various factors.

• The ground clearance of a transmission line is the vertical distance between the lowest point of the conductor and the ground.

• The ground clearance is determined based on safety regulations and requirements.

• Factors that influence the ground clearance include terrain, vegetation, and proximity to buildings or roads.

• In hilly areas, the g...read more

The tan Delta value of electrical equipment should be as low as possible.

• Tan Delta is a measure of the dielectric losses in electrical equipment.

• A low tan Delta value indicates that the equipment has good insulation properties.

• The tan Delta value can be affected by factors such as temperature, moisture, and aging of the equipment.

• For transformers, a typical tan Delta value is around 0.001 or lower.

ACSRinvar conductors are widely used in metro principal cities due to their high strength and low thermal expansion.

• ACSRinvar conductors have a high tensile strength, making them suitable for long-distance transmission lines in metro cities.

• They have a low coefficient of thermal expansion, which helps in reducing sagging of the conductors and maintaining power transmission efficiency.

• The use of ACSRinvar conductors in ...read more

The Basis setting of REF protection for a transformer should be determined based on the transformer's characteristics and the system requirements.

• The basis setting of REF (Restricted Earth Fault) protection for a transformer is typically determined by considering the transformer's winding configuration, impedance, and the system's fault level.

• The setting should be chosen to ensure that the protection operates reliably ...read more

The SF6 gas used for Ckt breaker chamber should be maintained at a pressure of around 5-7 bar.

• The SF6 gas in the circuit breaker chamber should be maintained at a specific pressure to ensure proper functioning.

• The recommended pressure for SF6 gas in the circuit breaker chamber is typically between 5 and 7 bar.

• Maintaining the correct pressure helps in extinguishing the arc during circuit interruption.

• Too low or too high...read more

Star-star zero phase shift transformer windings are used to provide a balanced three-phase output with zero phase shift between primary and secondary voltages.

• Star-star zero phase shift transformer windings are commonly used in power distribution systems.

• They are used to supply power to three-phase loads such as motors, generators, and transformers.

• The windings are designed in such a way that the voltages in the primar...read more

AIS and GIS substations differ in their construction and insulation methods.

• AIS (Air Insulated Substation) uses air as the insulation medium, while GIS (Gas Insulated Substation) uses SF6 gas.

• AIS substations require larger land areas compared to GIS substations.

• GIS substations are more compact and can be installed in urban areas where space is limited.

• AIS substations are more susceptible to environmental factors like p...read more

Vibration dampers are used with conductors to reduce the risk of fatigue failure and damage caused by wind-induced vibrations.

• Vibration dampers absorb and dissipate the energy generated by wind-induced vibrations in conductors.

• They help to reduce the risk of fatigue failure and damage to the conductor and associated hardware.

• Vibration dampers are typically installed at regular intervals along the length of the conducto...read more

The main function of LA in a substation is to protect electrical equipment from lightning strikes.

• LA stands for Lightning Arrester.

• It is installed in substations to divert lightning strikes away from sensitive equipment.

• LA provides a low-impedance path for lightning current to flow to the ground.

• It helps in preventing damage to transformers, circuit breakers, and other electrical devices.

• LA operates by ionizing the air...read more