50+ Ahluwalia Contracts India Interview Questions and Answers

I am proficient in SQL and have experience in writing complex queries.

• Proficient in writing complex SQL queries

• Experience in working with large databases

• Familiarity with database management systems like MySQL, Oracle, and SQL Server

• Ability to optimize queries for better performance

• Experience in data analysis and reporting using SQL

Find the second largest string from a given sentence

• Split the sentence into an array of strings

• Sort the array based on string length

• Return the second last element in the sorted array

I would prioritize the issue, gather a cross-functional team, and work quickly to identify and resolve the root cause.

• Prioritize the severity of the issue and focus on resolving it within the given time frame

• Gather a cross-functional team with expertise in different areas to quickly address the issue

• Utilize all available resources and tools to identify the root cause and implement a solution

• Communicate effectively with stakeholders to provide updates and manage expectations

• Do...read more

AWS CloudFront is a content delivery network (CDN) service, while AWS CloudFormation is an infrastructure as code service.

• CloudFront is used to deliver content to end users with low latency and high data transfer speeds.

• CloudFormation is used to automate the deployment of infrastructure resources in a repeatable and predictable manner.

• CloudFront is a CDN service that caches content at edge locations to reduce latency, while CloudFormation is a service that allows you to defin...read more

To improve performance in React JS, optimize rendering, minimize re-renders, use virtualization, lazy loading, code splitting, and memoization.

• Optimize rendering by using shouldComponentUpdate or React.memo for functional components

• Minimize re-renders by using PureComponent or memoization techniques like useMemo or useCallback

• Use virtualization for long lists or tables to render only the visible items

• Implement lazy loading for components or data that are not immediately neede...read more

Interface defines only method signatures while abstract class can have both method signatures and implementations.

• An interface can be implemented by multiple classes while a class can only inherit from one abstract class.

• An abstract class can have constructors while an interface cannot.

• An abstract class can have non-abstract methods while an interface can only have abstract methods.

• An abstract class can have instance variables while an interface cannot.

• Example of interface: R...read more

Challenges in ETL Testing Projects

• Data quality issues

• Complex data transformations

• Handling large volumes of data

• Ensuring data integrity

• Dealing with data inconsistencies

• Performance testing

• Managing dependencies between source and target systems

I would troubleshoot the issue by checking for any error messages, verifying permissions, and consulting documentation or online resources.

• Check for any error messages in the terminal

• Verify permissions for the command being run

• Consult documentation or online resources for troubleshooting steps

• Try running the command with sudo if necessary

OOPS Concepts are the fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming.

• Encapsulation - bundling of data and methods that operate on that data

• Inheritance - ability of a class to inherit properties and methods from a parent class

• Polymorphism - ability of objects to take on multiple forms or have multiple behaviors

• Abstraction - hiding of complex implementation details and showing only essential features

To start DB using Selenium, we need to establish a connection to the database and execute SQL queries.

• Import the necessary libraries for database connectivity and Selenium

• Create a connection to the database using the appropriate driver

• Execute SQL queries to perform desired actions on the database

• Close the database connection after use

To take xpath of a row, identify the unique identifier of the row and use it in the xpath expression.

• Identify the unique identifier of the row, such as an ID or class attribute

• Use the identifier in the xpath expression to locate the row

• Example: //table[@id='tableId']/tbody/tr[@class='rowClass']

The output of each join between Table 1 and Table 2 with values 1,1,1 and 1,1,0 respectively.

• Inner join: Output will be 1,1,1 as it only includes matching values from both tables.

• Left join: Output will be 1,1,1 from Table 1 as it includes all values from Table 1 and matching values from Table 2.

• Right join: Output will be 1,1,0 from Table 2 as it includes all values from Table 2 and matching values from Table 1.

• Full outer join: Output will be 1,1,1 and 1,1,0 as it includes all...read more

Finally is a block of code that always executes, while Finalize is a method used for cleanup before an object is garbage collected.

• Finally block is used in exception handling to ensure certain code is always executed, regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not.

• Finalize method is called by the garbage collector before an object is reclaimed.

• Finally block is used in try-catch-finally blocks, while Finalize method is a part of the Object class.

• Example: try { // code } c...read more

Design a user-friendly product page for an ecommerce website

• Include high-quality product images with zoom functionality

• Provide detailed product descriptions and specifications

• Include customer reviews and ratings

• Add related products or recommended items

• Include clear call-to-action buttons for adding to cart or wishlist

Data lake and warehouse are two different data storage solutions with distinct architectures.

• Data lake is a centralized repository that allows storage of structured and unstructured data at any scale.

• Data warehouse is a repository that stores structured data from various sources for querying and analysis.

• Data lake uses a flat architecture, while data warehouse uses a hierarchical architecture.

• Data lake is optimized for write-heavy workloads, while data warehouse is optimized ...read more

I will troubleshoot booting related issues by checking hardware connections, running diagnostics, and updating software.

• Check hardware connections to ensure everything is properly connected

• Run diagnostics to identify any hardware issues

• Update software and drivers to ensure compatibility and functionality

The project architecture is a layered architecture with separate components for presentation, business logic, and data access.

• The project follows a layered architecture pattern.

• There are separate components for presentation, business logic, and data access.

• The presentation layer handles the user interface and interaction.

• The business logic layer contains the core functionality and rules of the application.

• The data access layer interacts with the database or external systems.

• C...read more

Difference between @requestbody and @responsebody annotations in Spring MVC

• The @RequestBody annotation is used to bind the HTTP request body to a method parameter in Spring MVC controller

• The @ResponseBody annotation is used to bind the return value of a method to the HTTP response body in Spring MVC

• Example: @RequestBody User user - binds the request body to a User object parameter

• Example: @ResponseBody String hello() - binds the return value of hello() method to the response ...read more

Agile ceremonies are regular meetings held during a project to ensure collaboration, communication, and progress towards goals.

• Sprint planning: setting goals and tasks for the upcoming sprint

• Daily stand-up: brief meetings to discuss progress and any obstacles

• Sprint review: demonstration of completed work to stakeholders

• Sprint retrospective: reflection on the previous sprint and identifying areas for improvement

LTV stands for Loan-to-Value ratio. Analyzing a home loan application involves assessing the borrower's creditworthiness and the property's value.

• LTV is calculated by dividing the loan amount by the appraised value of the property.

• A lower LTV ratio indicates a lower risk for the lender.

• Analyzing a home loan application involves reviewing the borrower's credit score, income, debt-to-income ratio, employment history, and the property's appraisal value.

• The lender may also consid...read more

Program to find unique strings in an array of strings

• Create a set to store unique strings

• Iterate through the array and add each string to the set

• Return the set of unique strings

To find duplicates without using count(*), use self-join and group by clause.

• Use self-join to join the table with itself on the column that contains the duplicates.

• Use group by clause to group the results by the column that contains duplicates.

• Select the columns you want to display along with the count of duplicates.

Selenium Framework is an open-source automation tool used for testing web applications.

• It supports multiple programming languages like Java, Python, C#, etc.

• It consists of three main components: Selenium IDE, Selenium WebDriver, and Selenium Grid.

• It allows for cross-browser testing and supports various browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, etc.

• It provides various features like element locating, handling pop-ups and alerts, taking screenshots, etc.

• It can be integrated with ot...read more

Bottlenecks for introducing agile

• Resistance to change from team members or management

• Lack of understanding of agile principles and practices

• Difficulty in integrating agile with existing processes

• Lack of support from stakeholders

• Inadequate training and coaching for team members

• Inability to measure progress and success in an agile environment

Derivatives, FXMM, and Risk Management are all related to financial markets and involve managing financial risks.

• Derivatives are financial contracts that derive their value from an underlying asset or benchmark.

• FXMM stands for Foreign Exchange and Money Markets, which involve trading currencies and managing short-term cash flows.

• Risk Management is the process of identifying, assessing, and controlling potential risks to minimize losses.

• Examples of risks that may be managed in...read more

Analyzing liquidity involves assessing a company's ability to meet short-term financial obligations.

• Calculate current ratio (current assets / current liabilities)

• Assess quick ratio (liquid assets / current liabilities)

• Examine cash flow from operations to see if it covers short-term obligations

• Review working capital to determine if there are enough current assets to cover current liabilities

Authentication of API involves verifying the identity of users accessing the API.

• Use API keys or tokens for authentication

• Implement OAuth for secure authorization

• Consider using SSL/TLS for encrypted communication

My automation framework is a hybrid framework combining data-driven and keyword-driven approaches for efficient test automation.

• Combines data-driven and keyword-driven approaches

• Utilizes reusable functions and libraries

• Supports parallel execution for faster testing

• Integrates with CI/CD pipelines for continuous testing

• Provides detailed reporting and logging for easy analysis

To troubleshoot hive slowness, check for resource contention, optimize queries, and monitor system performance.

• Check for resource contention such as CPU, memory, and disk usage

• Optimize queries by reducing data scanned and avoiding unnecessary joins

• Monitor system performance using tools like Ganglia or Ambari

• Consider partitioning tables to improve query performance

• Use compression to reduce disk I/O and network traffic

TPRM process involves identifying, assessing, managing, and monitoring third-party risks.

• Identification of third-party relationships and associated risks

• Assessment of risks based on impact and likelihood

• Implementation of risk mitigation strategies

• Monitoring and regular review of third-party risk exposure

• Continuous improvement of TPRM process

Kanban focuses on continuous delivery while Scrum focuses on iterative delivery.

• Kanban is more flexible and allows for changes to be made at any time

• Scrum has a fixed set of roles, events, and artifacts

• Kanban limits work in progress to prevent overloading the team

• Scrum has a set sprint length and goal

• Kanban visualizes the workflow and emphasizes flow efficiency

• Scrum emphasizes team collaboration and self-organization

Java program to reverse a string

• Create a char array from the input string

• Use two pointers to swap characters from start and end of the array

• Convert the char array back to a string and return

End to end cycle of pain.001 refers to the complete process of identifying, analyzing, and resolving a pain point in a system or process.

• Identifying the pain point or problem

• Analyzing the root cause of the pain point

• Developing and implementing a solution to resolve the pain point

• Testing and validating the solution to ensure it effectively resolves the pain point

• Monitoring and evaluating the solution to ensure it continues to effectively resolve the pain point

• Iterating and imp...read more

R-messages are used in ISO 20022 to report exceptions.

• R-messages are used to report exceptions in ISO 20022 messages.

• They are used to indicate that a message cannot be processed due to an error.

• R-messages can be sent in response to any ISO 20022 message.

• Examples of R-messages include RJCT, RSLT, and RPRE.

Risk based testing is a method of prioritizing testing efforts based on the likelihood and impact of potential failures.

• Identify potential risks and their impact on the system

• Prioritize testing efforts based on the identified risks

• Allocate testing resources accordingly

• Continuously monitor and reassess risks throughout the testing process

• Examples: testing critical functionalities first, testing for security vulnerabilities

Pseudo code explanation and improvement for better understanding and efficiency

• Pseudo code is a high-level description of a computer program or algorithm

• It uses natural language mixed with programming language-like syntax

• Improvements can include adding comments for clarity, using proper indentation, and simplifying complex logic

• Example: Original pseudo code - 'if x > 5 then print 'Hello World' else print 'Goodbye'

• Improved pseudo code - 'if x is greater than 5, output 'Hello W...read more

Evaluation metrics are used to assess the performance of a model during training.

• Common evaluation metrics include accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and ROC-AUC.

• Accuracy measures the proportion of correctly classified instances out of the total instances.

• Precision measures the proportion of true positive predictions out of all positive predictions.

• Recall measures the proportion of true positive predictions out of all actual positive instances.

• F1 score is the harmonic mea...read more

OOPS (Object-Oriented Programming) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data in the form of fields and code in the form of procedures.

• OOPS focuses on creating objects that interact with each other to solve a problem.

• It involves concepts like inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation involves bundling data and methods that opera...read more

ZK and JN play a crucial role in ensuring high availability of Namenode in Hadoop cluster.

• ZK (Zookeeper) is used for leader election and maintaining the state of active and standby Namenodes.

• JN (JournalNode) is responsible for storing the edit logs of Namenode, which are used for recovery in case of failover.

• In case of Namenode failure, ZK helps in electing a new active Namenode from the standby Namenodes, while JN provides the necessary edit logs for recovery.

• Without ZK and ...read more

MAPE measures the percentage error, MSE and RMSE measure the average squared error, R2 measures the proportion of variance explained.

• MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) measures the percentage error between actual and predicted values.

• MSE (Mean Squared Error) measures the average squared difference between actual and predicted values.

• RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) is the square root of MSE, providing a more interpretable metric.

• R2 (Coefficient of Determination) measures the...read more

Developed a generative AI model to create realistic images of fictional characters.

• Used GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks) to generate new images based on existing data.

• Trained the model on a dataset of character images from various sources.

• Implemented techniques like style transfer to enhance the diversity and creativity of generated images.

• Evaluated the model's performance based on image quality metrics and user feedback.

A framework is a set of guidelines, libraries, and tools used to develop and maintain software applications.

• Provides structure and organization for code

• Promotes code reusability

• Facilitates automation and testing

• Examples: Selenium for web automation, JUnit for unit testing

Effective ways of working include clear communication, collaboration, prioritization, and continuous improvement.

• Clear communication is essential for sharing information and avoiding misunderstandings.

• Collaboration helps team members work together towards common goals.

• Prioritization ensures that tasks are completed in the most efficient order.

• Continuous improvement involves learning from mistakes and finding ways to work more effectively.

• Using tools like Jira for task trackin...read more

Business Analysts use various tools to analyze data and communicate insights.

• Data visualization tools like Tableau and Power BI

• Requirements management tools like JIRA and Trello

• Process modeling tools like Visio and Lucidchart

• Collaboration tools like Slack and Microsoft Teams

• Statistical analysis tools like R and Python

Data lineage in data governance refers to tracking the origin and movement of data throughout its lifecycle.

• Data lineage helps organizations understand how data is created, accessed, and used.

• It provides transparency and accountability in data management processes.

• Examples of data lineage tools include Informatica and Collibra.

Data warehousing is the process of collecting, storing, and managing data from various sources for analysis and reporting.

• Data warehousing involves extracting data from multiple sources and consolidating it into a central repository.

• It is used for analytical reporting, business intelligence, and decision-making purposes.

• Data warehouses are designed for query and analysis rather than transaction processing.

• Examples of data warehousing tools include Amazon Redshift, Snowflake, ...read more

Linux namespaces are used in Kubernetes to provide isolated environments for containers.

• Linux namespaces allow for creating isolated environments within a Linux system

• Kubernetes uses namespaces to provide isolation for containers

• Namespaces in Kubernetes include network, PID, mount, and IPC namespaces

• Example: Each pod in Kubernetes has its own network namespace for network isolation

ALB (Application Load Balancer) is a Layer 7 load balancer that operates at the application layer, while NLB (Network Load Balancer) is a Layer 4 load balancer that operates at the transport layer.

• ALB operates at the application layer, while NLB operates at the transport layer

• ALB supports path-based routing and host-based routing, while NLB supports TCP and UDP traffic routing

• ALB can route traffic based on content, while NLB routes traffic based on IP protocol data