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Spiral model is a software development model where the process is divided into smaller cycles.
It is a combination of waterfall and iterative model
Each cycle involves planning, risk analysis, development, and testing
It is suitable for large and complex projects
Example: Microsoft Office was developed using the spiral model
The spiral model has four steps.
The four steps are: Planning, Risk Analysis, Engineering, and Evaluation.
Each step involves iterative development and feedback from stakeholders.
The model is used in software development to manage risk and ensure quality.
Example: A software development team may use the spiral model to create a new product.
The team would start with planning, then move on to risk analysis, engineering...
Method overriding is when a subclass provides its own implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.
The method in the subclass must have the same name, return type, and parameters as the method in the superclass.
The access level of the overriding method cannot be more restrictive than the overridden method.
Example: class Dog extends Animal { public void makeSound() { System.out.println("Bark...
Data is information that is stored and can be processed by a computer.
Data can be in various forms such as text, numbers, images, audio, video, etc.
Data can be structured or unstructured.
Examples of data include customer information, financial records, sensor readings, social media posts, etc.
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Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language used to develop applications for various platforms.
Java is platform-independent and can run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
It is known for its security features and is commonly used for developing web and mobile applications
Java is also used for developing enterprise-level applications and software tools
Examples of popular Java-based applic...
OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.
OOPs focuses on creating objects that contain both data and functions to manipulate that data.
It emphasizes on encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
Java is an OOPs language. Example: A car is an object that has properties like color, model, and functions like start, stop, etc.
OOPs concepts are the fundamental principles of object-oriented programming.
Abstraction: hiding implementation details
Encapsulation: binding data and methods together
Inheritance: creating new classes from existing ones
Polymorphism: using a single interface to represent multiple entities
Objects: instances of classes with their own state and behavior
I have used various tools including Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, Maven, Git, JIRA, and Jenkins.
Eclipse - for Java development and debugging
IntelliJ IDEA - for Java development and debugging
Maven - for project management and build automation
Git - for version control and collaboration
JIRA - for issue tracking and project management
Jenkins - for continuous integration and deployment
Difference between @Controller and @RestController in Java.
Both are used for creating RESTful web services in Java.
@Controller returns the view while @RestController returns the data in JSON or XML format.
@RestController is a combination of @Controller and @ResponseBody annotations.
Use @Controller for traditional web applications and @RestController for RESTful web services.
Array is a fixed-size data structure while ArrayList is a dynamic-size data structure.
Array is a primitive data type while ArrayList is a class in Java.
Array can hold only homogeneous data types while ArrayList can hold heterogeneous data types.
Array uses [] to declare while ArrayList uses <>.
Array can be multidimensional while ArrayList is always one-dimensional.
Array length is fixed while ArrayList size is...
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Dec 2024. There was 1 interview round.
Java 8 introduced static and default methods in interfaces, allowing for method implementation and code reusability.
Java 8 introduced static methods in interfaces, allowing for method implementation directly in the interface itself.
Default methods were also introduced in Java 8, enabling interfaces to have method implementations without affecting implementing classes.
Static methods in interfaces can be called using the...
HashMap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to efficiently retrieve values.
HashMap uses an array of linked lists to store key-value pairs.
When a key-value pair is added, the key is hashed to determine the index in the array where it will be stored.
If multiple keys hash to the same index, a linked list is used to handle collisions.
To synchronize a HashMap, you can use the synchronizedMap() m...
No, the program will not compile if the parent class throws a runtime exception while the child class throws an arithmetic exception.
In Java, if a parent class method throws a checked exception, the child class method can only throw the same exception or its subclasses.
ArithmeticException is an unchecked exception, so if the parent class throws a checked exception and the child class throws an unchecked exception, the ...
Configure JDBC in Spring Boot to specify which database to use
Define multiple DataSource beans in the configuration class
Use @Primary annotation to specify the primary DataSource
Use @Qualifier annotation to specify the secondary DataSource
Inject the DataSource beans where needed in the application
I would implement timeout mechanisms and retries to handle the scenario of one microservice awaiting a response from another microservice taking an extended time.
Implement timeout mechanisms in the calling microservice to limit the waiting time for a response.
Set up retry logic to automatically resend the request to the slow microservice if no response is received within the specified timeout period.
Use circuit breaker...
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Dec 2024. There was 1 interview round.
SOLID principles in Java focus on object-oriented design principles. Java 8 features like lambdas and streams adhere to these principles.
S - Single Responsibility Principle: Java 8 lambdas allow for defining single-purpose functions.
O - Open/Closed Principle: Java 8 streams enable extending behavior without modifying existing code.
L - Liskov Substitution Principle: Java 8 interfaces support polymorphism and substitutio...
Code to print unique elements from an array of strings
Create a HashSet to store unique elements
Iterate through the array and add elements to the HashSet
Print out the elements in the HashSet to get unique elements
Code to find the second largest element in an array
Iterate through the array and keep track of the largest and second largest elements
Initialize variables to store the largest and second largest elements
Compare each element with the largest and second largest elements and update accordingly
Hash collision occurs when two different inputs produce the same hash value. hashCode() and equals() methods are from Object class.
Hash collision can occur when two different objects have the same hash code value.
hashCode() method is used to get the hash code value of an object.
equals() method is used to compare two objects for equality.
Circuit breaker is a design pattern used to prevent cascading failures in distributed systems.
Circuit breaker monitors for failures and trips when a threshold is reached
It then redirects calls to a fallback mechanism to prevent further failures
Once the system stabilizes, the circuit breaker can be reset to allow normal operation
About basic test of knowledge on english & general knowledge
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Oct 2024. There was 1 interview round.
Circuit breaker is a design pattern used in software development to prevent system failures by temporarily stopping requests to a failing service.
Circuit breaker monitors the number of failures and opens when a threshold is reached.
When the circuit is open, requests are not sent to the failing service, preventing further failures.
After a specified time, the circuit breaker closes and allows requests to be sent again.
Ex...
Frequency of occurrence of words in a given text can be calculated by counting each word and storing it in a data structure.
Split the text into words using whitespace as delimiter
Create a map to store word frequencies
Iterate through the words and update the frequency count in the map
Return the map with word frequencies
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Jul 2024. There was 1 interview round.
Constants in SQL are values that remain the same throughout the execution of a query or program.
Constants can be defined using the 'CONST' keyword in SQL.
They are used to store values that do not change during the execution of a query.
Constants can be used in WHERE clauses, JOIN conditions, and other parts of a SQL query.
Example: CONST MAX_VALUE = 100;
I appeared for an interview in May 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Apr 2024. There was 1 interview round.
The interview questions cover a wide range of topics including design patterns, exception handling, Hibernate, MongoDB, Java collections, Spring framework, and microservices.
Design patterns like markers interface, functional interface, and Singleton pattern are important in Java development.
Understanding exception handling with try-catch-finally blocks is crucial for handling errors in Java applications.
Knowing the dif...
Some of the top questions asked at the Capgemini Java Developer interview -
The duration of Capgemini Java Developer interview process can vary, but typically it takes about less than 2 weeks to complete.
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