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I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed before Nov 2023. There were 2 interview rounds.
Boundary layer is the layer of fluid adjacent to a solid surface where the flow velocity changes from zero at the surface to the free stream velocity.
Boundary layer is a region in a fluid flow where viscous effects are significant.
It is characterized by a gradual increase in flow velocity from the solid surface to the outer flow.
The boundary layer thickness depends on the Reynolds number and the surface roughness.
There...
Common turbulent models in CFD include k-epsilon, k-omega, and Large Eddy Simulation (LES).
k-epsilon model is widely used for industrial applications due to its simplicity and computational efficiency.
k-omega model is known for its ability to handle adverse pressure gradients and near-wall turbulence.
Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is used for resolving large-scale turbulent structures in high Reynolds number flows.
Reynold...
Aerodynamic refers to the study of the motion of air and other gases, while hydrodynamic refers to the study of the motion of liquids, primarily water.
Aerodynamics deals with the flow of air around objects, such as airplanes, cars, and buildings.
Hydrodynamics focuses on the behavior of liquids, including water, in motion, such as in rivers, oceans, and pipes.
Both fields are crucial in designing efficient vehicles, stru...
Mesh dependent test in CFD is a test to determine the sensitivity of the simulation results to changes in the mesh resolution.
Mesh dependent test involves running the CFD simulation with different mesh resolutions to see how the results vary.
It helps in assessing the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results based on the mesh quality.
The test is important to ensure that the simulation results are not heavily i...
Steady state is when a system's variables do not change over time, while transient state is when variables change with time.
Steady state: system variables remain constant over time
Transient state: system variables change with time
Example: A cup of hot coffee cooling down to room temperature is a transient state process
Example: A refrigerator maintaining a constant temperature is a steady state process
Velocity and thermal boundary conditions for outer flow over flat plate and inner flow through pipe.
Outer flow (flow over flat plate): Velocity boundary condition - free stream velocity parallel to the plate, Thermal boundary condition - constant temperature at the plate surface
Inner flow (flow through pipe): Velocity boundary condition - parabolic velocity profile, Thermal boundary condition - constant heat flux at th
Relaxation factor in CFD controls the rate at which the solution converges towards the final solution.
Relaxation factor is a parameter used in iterative methods to control the rate of convergence.
A higher relaxation factor can speed up convergence but may lead to instability.
Conversely, a lower relaxation factor can improve stability but may slow down convergence.
Optimal relaxation factor varies depending on the proble...
Y+ is a dimensionless wall distance used in CFD to determine the appropriate mesh resolution near the wall.
Y+ is used to ensure accurate modeling of boundary layer flow near walls.
It is calculated as the ratio of the distance from the wall to the first cell center to the wall shear stress.
Y+ values less than 1 indicate a viscous sublayer, while values greater than 30 indicate a fully turbulent flow.
Properly resolving Y...
The governing equations solved in CFD include the Navier-Stokes equations, continuity equation, and energy equation.
Navier-Stokes equations describe the motion of fluid substances.
Continuity equation ensures mass conservation within the fluid domain.
Energy equation accounts for the transfer of thermal energy within the fluid.
Other equations like turbulence models may also be solved depending on the simulation requireme
The equations governing CFD are based on fundamental laws of physics.
Based on conservation of mass, momentum, and energy
Navier-Stokes equations are fundamental in fluid dynamics
Incompressible flow assumes constant density
Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are commonly used
I am impressed by your company's innovative projects and collaborative work environment.
I admire the cutting-edge technology and projects your company is involved in.
I value the collaborative work environment that your company promotes.
I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to a team of talented professionals.
Seeking new challenges and growth opportunities in a different work environment.
Looking for new challenges and opportunities for professional growth
Interested in exploring different work environments and cultures
Seeking a role with more responsibilities and learning opportunities
I have a strong background in CFD analysis, with experience in complex simulations and problem-solving skills.
I have a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering with a focus on CFD
I have completed multiple projects involving CFD simulations for aerodynamics and heat transfer
I am proficient in using software like ANSYS Fluent and OpenFOAM
I have a track record of delivering accurate and timely results in CFD analysis
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I applied via Walk-in and was interviewed before Jul 2020. There were 3 interview rounds.
I applied via Referral and was interviewed in Feb 2020. There were 6 interview rounds.
I appeared for an interview before Apr 2021.
Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This round had 3 coding questions of Medium to Hard level of difficulty.
Given an integer N
representing the number of pairs of parentheses, find all the possible combinations of balanced parentheses using the given number of pairs.
Generate all possible combinations of balanced parentheses for a given number of pairs.
Use recursion to generate all possible combinations of balanced parentheses.
Keep track of the number of open and close parentheses used in each combination.
Return the valid combinations as an array of strings.
You are given a long type array/list ARR
of size N
, representing an elevation map. The value ARR[i]
denotes the elevation of the ith
bar. Your task is to determine th...
Calculate the total amount of rainwater that can be trapped between given elevations in an array.
Iterate through the array and calculate the maximum height on the left and right of each bar.
Calculate the amount of water that can be trapped at each bar by taking the minimum of the maximum heights on the left and right.
Sum up the trapped water at each bar to get the total trapped water for the entire array.
You are given a grid containing oranges where each cell of the grid can contain one of the three integer values:
Find the minimum time required to rot all fresh oranges adjacent to rotten oranges.
Create a queue to store the coordinates of rotten oranges and perform BFS to rot adjacent fresh oranges.
Track the time taken to rot all fresh oranges and return -1 if not all fresh oranges can be rotten.
Update the grid with the new state of oranges after each second.
Handle edge cases such as empty grid or no fresh oranges present.
Example...
Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This was a standard DS/Algo round where I was given 2 questions to solve under 60 minutes. I was able to come up with the optimal approach for both the questions and then at the end of the interview I was also asked the famous Die Hard Water Puzzle.
Design a queue data structure following the FIFO (First In First Out) principle using only stack instances.
Your task is to complete predefined functions t...
Implement a queue using stacks following FIFO principle.
Use two stacks to simulate a queue.
For enQueue operation, push elements onto stack1.
For deQueue operation, if stack2 is empty, pop all elements from stack1 and push onto stack2, then pop from stack2.
For peek operation, if stack2 is empty, pop all elements from stack1 and push onto stack2, then return top of stack2.
For isEmpty operation, check if both stack1 and st...
You are provided with 'N' intervals, each containing two integers denoting the start time and end time of the interval.
Your task is to merge all overlapping intervals a...
Merge overlapping intervals and return sorted list of merged intervals by start time.
Sort the intervals based on start time.
Iterate through intervals and merge overlapping ones.
Return the merged intervals in sorted order.
Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This round had 2 coding questions - first one related to Binary Tree and the second one was a simple question from Bit Manipulation. This was followed by some questions from OOPS.
You are given a Binary Tree, and you need to determine the length of the diameter of the tree.
The diameter of a binary tree is the length of the longest path betwe...
The task is to find the diameter of a binary tree, which is the length of the longest path between any two end nodes in the tree.
Traverse the tree to find the longest path between two nodes.
Keep track of the maximum diameter found during traversal.
The diameter may not necessarily pass through the root node.
Consider both left and right subtrees while calculating the diameter.
Example: For input 1 2 3 4 -1 5 6 -1 7 -1 -1
Determine if it is possible to reorder the digits of a given integer 'N' such that the resulting number is a power of two. The leading digit must not be zero.
The fir...
The problem involves determining if it is possible to reorder the digits of a given integer to form a power of 2.
Iterate through all possible permutations of the digits of the given integer.
Check if any of the permutations form a power of 2.
Return 1 if a valid permutation is found, else return 0.
Advantages of OOP include code reusability, modularity, and easier maintenance.
Code reusability: Objects can be reused in different parts of the program, reducing redundancy.
Modularity: OOP allows for breaking down complex problems into smaller, more manageable parts.
Easier maintenance: Changes to one part of the codebase do not necessarily affect other parts, making maintenance easier.
Encapsulation: Data hiding and ab...
Access specifiers define the level of access to class members in Object-Oriented Programming.
Access specifiers include public, private, protected, and default
Public members are accessible from outside the class
Private members are only accessible within the class
Protected members are accessible within the class and its subclasses
Default access is when no access specifier is specified
Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
This was my last round and I hoped it to go good just like the other rounds. The interviewer was very straight to point
and professional. The interview lasted for 30 minutes.
Tip 1 : Must do Previously asked Interview as well as Online Test Questions.
Tip 2 : Go through all the previous interview experiences from Codestudio and Leetcode.
Tip 3 : Do at-least 2 good projects and you must know every bit of them.
Tip 1 : Have at-least 2 good projects explained in short with all important points covered.
Tip 2 : Every skill must be mentioned.
Tip 3 : Focus on skills, projects and experiences more.
Queue can be implemented using two stacks by maintaining the order of elements in the stacks.
Create two stacks, let's call them stack1 and stack2
When an element is enqueued, push it to stack1
When an element is dequeued, pop all elements from stack1 and push them to stack2
Pop the top element from stack2 and return it as the dequeued element
If stack2 is empty, repeat step 3
To get the front element of the queue, peek the
Left join returns all records from left table and matching records from right table. Full outer join returns all records from both tables.
Left join is used to combine two tables based on a common column.
In left join, all records from the left table are returned along with matching records from the right table.
If there is no match in the right table, NULL values are returned.
Example: SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table...
Magic functions are special methods in PHP that start with __. Autoloading is a way to automatically load classes.
Magic functions are used to handle certain events in PHP, such as object creation or property access.
Autoloading allows PHP to automatically load classes when they are needed, without requiring manual includes.
Magic functions can be used in conjunction with autoloading to dynamically load classes or handle
Given three sorted arrays, find common elements.
Create three pointers to traverse each array
Compare the elements at the pointers and move the pointer of the smallest element
If all pointers point to the same element, add it to the result and move all pointers
Repeat until any pointer reaches the end of its array
Check if a number is a power of 2 or not.
A power of 2 has only one bit set in its binary representation.
Use bitwise AND operator to check if the number is a power of 2.
If n is a power of 2, then n & (n-1) will be 0.
I applied via Referral
Event bubbling is the propagation of an event from the innermost child element to the outermost parent element.
Events triggered on a child element will also trigger on its parent elements
The event travels up the DOM tree until it reaches the document object
Can be stopped using event.stopPropagation()
Can be useful for event delegation
The .on('click',function() is a more flexible method than .click(function())
The .on() method can handle multiple events and selectors
The .click() method can only handle one event and one selector
The .on() method can also handle dynamically added elements
The .click() method cannot handle dynamically added elements
Function to check if two strings are anagram or not
Create two character arrays from the strings
Sort the arrays
Compare the sorted arrays
Function to determine the order of integers in an array.
Check first and last element to determine if increasing or decreasing
Check for inflection point to determine if order changes
Return order type as string
Optimize images, minify code, reduce HTTP requests, use caching, and lazy loading.
Optimize images using compression and appropriate file formats
Minify code to reduce file size and improve load times
Reduce HTTP requests by combining files and using sprites
Use caching to store frequently accessed data locally
Implement lazy loading to defer loading of non-critical resources
Design a database schema for a movie site with user ratings and recommendations.
Create tables for movies, users, ratings, and recommendations
Use foreign keys to link tables
Include columns for movie genre and user watch history
Algorithm for recommendations can use user watch history and ratings to suggest similar movies
Function to simulate dice roll with equal probability without using random function
Use a toss function that returns either 0 or 1 with equal probability
Call the toss function 3 times and convert the result to a binary number
If the binary number is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 6, return it
If the binary number is greater than 6, repeat the process
Query to fetch duplicate email from table
Use GROUP BY and HAVING clause to filter out duplicates
SELECT email, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY email HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
This will return all the duplicate emails in the table
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