Caepro Technologies CFD Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Basic aptitude questions like number series time and work etc

Q1. Basic of cfd subject questions
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Q2. Project that you have done your graduation or postgraduate
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Q1. What is mean by boundary layer?
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Boundary layer is the layer of fluid adjacent to a solid surface where the flow velocity changes from zero at the surface to the free stream velocity.
• Boundary layer is a region in a fluid flow where viscous effects are significant.

• It is characterized by a gradual increase in flow velocity from the solid surface to the outer flow.

• The boundary layer thickness depends on the Reynolds number and the surface roughness.

• There...read more
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Q2. What are the turbulent model used in CFD?
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Common turbulent models in CFD include k-epsilon, k-omega, and Large Eddy Simulation (LES).
• k-epsilon model is widely used for industrial applications due to its simplicity and computational efficiency.

• k-omega model is known for its ability to handle adverse pressure gradients and near-wall turbulence.

• Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is used for resolving large-scale turbulent structures in high Reynolds number flows.

• Reynold...read more
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Q3. What is mean by aerodynamic or hydrodynamic?
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Aerodynamic refers to the study of the motion of air and other gases, while hydrodynamic refers to the study of the motion of liquids, primarily water.
• Aerodynamics deals with the flow of air around objects, such as airplanes, cars, and buildings.

• Hydrodynamics focuses on the behavior of liquids, including water, in motion, such as in rivers, oceans, and pipes.

• Both fields are crucial in designing efficient vehicles, stru...read more
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Q4. What is Mesh dependent test in CFD?
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Mesh dependent test in CFD is a test to determine the sensitivity of the simulation results to changes in the mesh resolution.
• Mesh dependent test involves running the CFD simulation with different mesh resolutions to see how the results vary.

• It helps in assessing the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results based on the mesh quality.

• The test is important to ensure that the simulation results are not heavily i...read more
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Q5. Difference between steady state and transient state?
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Steady state is when a system's variables do not change over time, while transient state is when variables change with time.
• Steady state: system variables remain constant over time

• Transient state: system variables change with time

• Example: A cup of hot coffee cooling down to room temperature is a transient state process

• Example: A refrigerator maintaining a constant temperature is a steady state process
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Q6. Draw velocity and thermal boundary condition for outer flow ( flow over flat plate) and inner flow ( flow through pipe)
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Velocity and thermal boundary conditions for outer flow over flat plate and inner flow through pipe.
• Outer flow (flow over flat plate): Velocity boundary condition - free stream velocity parallel to the plate, Thermal boundary condition - constant temperature at the plate surface

• Inner flow (flow through pipe): Velocity boundary condition - parabolic velocity profile, Thermal boundary condition - constant heat flux at th...read more
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Q7. Significance of relaxation factor in CFD?
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Relaxation factor in CFD controls the rate at which the solution converges towards the final solution.
• Relaxation factor is a parameter used in iterative methods to control the rate of convergence.

• A higher relaxation factor can speed up convergence but may lead to instability.

• Conversely, a lower relaxation factor can improve stability but may slow down convergence.

• Optimal relaxation factor varies depending on the proble...read more
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Q8. Y+ significance in CFD?
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Y+ is a dimensionless wall distance used in CFD to determine the appropriate mesh resolution near the wall.
• Y+ is used to ensure accurate modeling of boundary layer flow near walls.

• It is calculated as the ratio of the distance from the wall to the first cell center to the wall shear stress.

• Y+ values less than 1 indicate a viscous sublayer, while values greater than 30 indicate a fully turbulent flow.

• Properly resolving Y...read more
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Q9. What are governing equations is solved in CFD?
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The governing equations solved in CFD include the Navier-Stokes equations, continuity equation, and energy equation.
• Navier-Stokes equations describe the motion of fluid substances.

• Continuity equation ensures mass conservation within the fluid domain.

• Energy equation accounts for the transfer of thermal energy within the fluid.

• Other equations like turbulence models may also be solved depending on the simulation requireme...read more
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Q10. On what laws governing equations are based?
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The equations governing CFD are based on fundamental laws of physics.
• Based on conservation of mass, momentum, and energy

• Navier-Stokes equations are fundamental in fluid dynamics

• Incompressible flow assumes constant density

• Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are commonly used
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Q1. Why do you want to work for our company?
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I am impressed by your company's innovative projects and collaborative work environment.
• I admire the cutting-edge technology and projects your company is involved in.

• I value the collaborative work environment that your company promotes.

• I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to a team of talented professionals.
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Q2. Why are you looking for a job change?
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Seeking new challenges and growth opportunities in a different work environment.
• Looking for new challenges and opportunities for professional growth

• Interested in exploring different work environments and cultures

• Seeking a role with more responsibilities and learning opportunities
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Q3. Why should we hire you?
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I have a strong background in CFD analysis, with experience in complex simulations and problem-solving skills.
• I have a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering with a focus on CFD

• I have completed multiple projects involving CFD simulations for aerodynamics and heat transfer

• I am proficient in using software like ANSYS Fluent and OpenFOAM

• I have a track record of delivering accurate and timely results in CFD analysis
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Q1. Technical : Basics of CFD, Basics related to Boundary conditions, Turbulence Modelling and solving methodology related to my work with previous employer.
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Q2. HR Round : Challenges in your previous job / What do you know about our company / Why should we hire you / How long will you serve in our company / Where do you see yourself in next couple of years.
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Q1. Theory knowledge & practical knowledge
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Q2. Fluid mechanics
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Q3. Computational fluid dynamics
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Q1. What is your area of working?
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Q2. Can you work on cloud?
Ans. 
Yes, I have experience working on cloud-based CFD platforms.
• I have worked on cloud-based CFD platforms such as SimScale and ANSYS Cloud

• I am familiar with cloud computing concepts such as virtual machines and containers

• Working on cloud allows for easy collaboration and scalability
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Q3. Can you relocate or travel in India or USA?
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I am open to relocating or traveling for work opportunities, as it enhances my professional growth and experience.
• Willingness to Relocate: I believe that relocating can provide exposure to new projects and technologies, which is beneficial for my career.

• Travel Opportunities: Traveling for work allows me to collaborate with diverse teams and gain insights into different engineering practices.

• Adaptability: I have previou...read more
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Q4. What are your responsibility in the previous company?
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As a CFD Engineer, I was responsible for simulating fluid dynamics, analyzing results, and optimizing designs for various applications.
• Conducted simulations using ANSYS Fluent to analyze airflow over various geometries, improving design efficiency by 20%.

• Collaborated with cross-functional teams to integrate CFD results into the overall design process, ensuring alignment with project goals.

• Developed and validated turbul...read more
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Q1. Can you relocate in the USA?
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Q1. Detailed information regarding CFD was asked ?
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Q2. Asked about meshing and quality parameters
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Q1. What is dominant in turbulent?
Ans. 
Turbulent flow is dominated by chaotic and unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure.
• Chaotic fluctuations in velocity and pressure

• Unpredictable behavior

• Large-scale vortices and eddies

• High levels of mixing and diffusion
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Q2. Dynamic viscosity
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