Interview Questions and Answers

Digital offers better accuracy, flexibility, and storage capabilities than analog.

• Digital signals can be processed and manipulated with greater precision than analog signals.

• Digital systems are more flexible and can be easily reconfigured or updated compared to analog systems.

• Digital data can be easily stored and retrieved, whereas analog data requires physical storage space.

• Examples include digital audio and video recording, digital communication systems, and digital medical...read more

Sampling is the process of converting continuous signals into discrete signals. Quantization is the process of converting analog signals into digital signals.

• Sampling involves taking a continuous signal and converting it into a series of discrete values at regular intervals.

• Quantization involves taking an analog signal and converting it into a digital signal by assigning a numerical value to each discrete sample.

• Sampling and quantization are used in digital signal processing,...read more

Memory layout in C program refers to how variables are stored in memory.

• Variables are stored in memory in a specific order based on their data types and sizes.

• Local variables are typically stored on the stack, while dynamically allocated memory is stored on the heap.

• Memory layout also includes the concept of memory alignment to optimize memory access.

• Example: int x; char c; double d; will be stored in memory as x -> c -> padding -> d.

Latch is level triggered and flip flop is edge triggered. Flip flop has clock input while latch does not.

• Latch is level triggered, while flip flop is edge triggered

• Flip flop has a clock input, while latch does not

• Latch is asynchronous, while flip flop is synchronous

• Flip flop stores data in two stable states (0 or 1), while latch stores data in one stable state

• Examples: SR latch, D flip flop

Metastable problem can be removed by carefully designing the system to prevent sudden changes in input signals.

• Ensure proper grounding and shielding to minimize external interference.

• Use filtering techniques to remove noise from input signals.

• Implement hysteresis in the system to prevent rapid switching between states.

• Calibrate sensors and components regularly to maintain accuracy.

• Utilize feedback control systems to stabilize the system.

• Example: In a temperature control syste...read more