30+ TCS Interview Questions and Answers

Questions on ref, out, array shifting, OOPS, web API, .NET, and MVC for Programmer Analyst role.

• ref and out are used to pass arguments by reference in C#

• Array program can be implemented using a loop to shift elements based on input

• OOPS concepts include inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction

• Web API is a framework for building HTTP services

• .NET is a software framework for building Windows applications

• MVC is a design pattern used in software engineering

Answers to interview questions for Automation Test Consultant

• TestNg.xml file can be written using , , , , , , tags

• Selective testcases can be neglected using tag with test name or group name

• To handle windows in Selenium, use getWindowHandles() to get all window handles and switchTo() to switch between them

• Absolute xpath starts with / and relative xpath starts with //

• CSS selectors can be used to locate elements using tag name, class name, id, attribute name and value

• To revers...read more

Implementing caching mechanisms has significantly increased performance and improved delivery times.

• Utilizing caching mechanisms such as Redis or Memcached to store frequently accessed data

• Implementing CDN (Content Delivery Network) to cache static assets and reduce server load

• Optimizing database queries and indexing to improve retrieval speed

• Implementing lazy loading for images and resources to reduce initial load times

Slack in routing refers to the amount of time a task can be delayed without affecting the project schedule.

• Slack allows for flexibility in project timelines

• It is the difference between the earliest and latest start time of a task

• Tasks with zero slack are critical and cannot be delayed

• Slack is calculated using the Critical Path Method (CPM)

• Example: If a task has a duration of 5 days and a slack of 2 days, it can be delayed by 2 days without impacting the project deadline

I have implemented various design patterns such as Singleton, Factory, and Observer in my projects.

• Implemented Singleton pattern to ensure only one instance of a class is created.

• Utilized Factory pattern to create objects without specifying the exact class of object that will be created.

• Used Observer pattern to define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically.

The bend radius in electrical harness refers to the minimum radius that a wire or cable can be bent without causing damage.

• The bend radius is important to ensure the longevity and performance of the electrical harness.

• It is determined by the type and size of the wire or cable being used.

• Smaller bend radii can lead to increased stress on the wire, potentially causing insulation damage or wire breakage.

• The bend radius should be specified in the design and manufacturing process ...read more

Branch points are used in fluid mechanics to model the flow of fluids through branching pipes.

• Branch points are used to calculate the pressure and flow rate of fluids at junctions in a pipe system.

• They are commonly used in the design of plumbing and HVAC systems.

• Branch points can also be used to model the flow of blood through arteries and veins in the human body.

• In computational fluid dynamics, branch points are used to simulate the behavior of fluids in complex systems.

Verification ensures that the product is built according to the requirements, while validation ensures that the product meets the customer's needs.

• Verification is a process of evaluating the product at various stages of development to ensure that it meets the specified requirements.

• Validation is a process of evaluating the final product to ensure that it meets the customer's needs and expectations.

• Verification is focused on the process, while validation is focused on the prod...read more

AI stands for Artificial Intelligence, ML stands for Machine Learning, and deep learning is a subset of ML that uses neural networks to model and solve complex problems.

• AI is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, such as learning, reasoning, and self-correction.

• ML is a subset of AI that focuses on the development of algorithms that can learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data.

• Deep learning is a subset of ML that uses neural networks wit...read more

Effective communication, clear instructions, and on-the-job training can help manage positions without educated people.

• Use simple language and avoid technical jargon

• Provide clear instructions and expectations

• Offer on-the-job training and support

• Encourage questions and feedback

• Lead by example and demonstrate tasks

• Use visual aids and demonstrations

• Provide opportunities for skill development

• Recognize and reward good performance

Product development process involves ideation, design, development, testing, and launch of a product.

• Ideation: Brainstorming and generating ideas for the product.

• Design: Creating a blueprint of the product and its features.

• Development: Building the product and its functionalities.

• Testing: Ensuring the product meets quality standards and user requirements.

• Launch: Introducing the product to the market and promoting it.

To consume multiple APIs in parallel, use asynchronous programming techniques like Promises or async/await.

• Use asynchronous programming techniques like Promises or async/await to make API calls concurrently.

• Create an array of Promises for each API call and then use Promise.all() to wait for all of them to resolve.

• Consider using libraries like Axios or Fetch for making API calls in a more efficient manner.

Exceptions in SpringBoot can be handled using @ExceptionHandler, @ControllerAdvice, or custom exception classes.

• Use @ExceptionHandler annotation in controller classes to handle specific exceptions

• Use @ControllerAdvice annotation to define global exception handling for all controllers

• Create custom exception classes by extending RuntimeException or Exception classes

• Use try-catch blocks to handle exceptions within specific methods

Cookies are stored on the client side while tokens are stored on the server side for authentication purposes.

• Cookies are sent with every HTTP request, while tokens are typically sent in the Authorization header.

• Cookies can be vulnerable to CSRF attacks, while tokens can be more secure if implemented correctly.

• Cookies have a size limit of 4KB, while tokens can store more data.

• Cookies are typically used for session management, while tokens are commonly used for authentication i...read more

Dependency injection is a design pattern in which components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.

• Dependency injection helps in achieving loose coupling between classes.

• It allows for easier testing by providing the ability to mock dependencies.

• There are three types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.

To overcome challenges, I break them down into smaller tasks, seek help from colleagues, stay organized, and stay persistent.

• Break down the challenge into smaller tasks to make it more manageable

• Seek help from colleagues or mentors for advice and support

• Stay organized by creating a plan or timeline to track progress

• Stay persistent and motivated, even when facing setbacks

Uploading details for seamless process involves optimizing file size, ensuring data integrity, and providing user-friendly interface.

• Optimize file size to reduce upload time and server storage requirements

• Implement data validation to ensure accuracy and integrity of uploaded details

• Design a user-friendly interface with progress indicators and error handling

• Consider implementing drag-and-drop functionality for easier file uploads

Process preplans are detailed plans created before starting a project to ensure efficient and effective execution.

• Process preplans outline the steps to be taken during a project

• They identify potential risks and provide solutions to mitigate them

• They help ensure that the project is completed on time and within budget

• Examples include construction plans, software development plans, and manufacturing plans

Flow of requirements should be tight from the beginning to ensure project success.

• Establish clear and specific requirements from stakeholders

• Document requirements in a detailed manner

• Regularly review and update requirements as needed

• Ensure all team members understand and agree on requirements

I manage risks by identifying, assessing, prioritizing, and mitigating them.

• Identify potential risks and their impact on the project

• Assess the likelihood and severity of each risk

• Prioritize risks based on their potential impact and likelihood

• Develop a mitigation plan for each high-priority risk

• Monitor and review risks throughout the project to ensure the mitigation plan is effective

The role of a front office executive is to manage the reception area, greet visitors, answer phone calls, and handle administrative tasks.

• Greeting visitors and directing them to the appropriate person or department

• Answering phone calls and transferring them to the correct extension

• Handling incoming and outgoing mail

• Scheduling appointments and maintaining calendars

• Assisting with administrative tasks such as data entry and filing

• Maintaining a clean and organized reception area

Code to print a diamond star pattern using loops in a programming language.

• Use nested loops to print spaces and stars in the desired pattern

• Start with a loop to print spaces before stars on each line

• Then print the stars in a specific pattern to form a diamond shape

Scrum is an Agile framework that emphasizes on collaboration, flexibility, and continuous improvement.

• Scrum involves a self-organizing and cross-functional team that works in sprints

• The team has a Product Owner who prioritizes the backlog and a Scrum Master who facilitates the process

• Scrum events include Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective

• Scrum artifacts include Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, and Increment

• Scrum values are commitment, courag...read more

To find the 3rd highest salary in SQL, you can use the 'ROW_NUMBER()' function with a subquery.

• Use the 'ROW_NUMBER()' function to assign a unique row number to each salary in descending order.

• Then, filter the results to only include rows where the row number is 3.

Software development life cycle is a process used to design, develop, and test software applications.

• 1. Planning: Define project scope, requirements, and timelines.

• 2. Design: Create a detailed design of the software architecture.

• 3. Implementation: Write code based on the design specifications.

• 4. Testing: Verify that the software meets the requirements and is free of bugs.

• 5. Deployment: Release the software to users and provide support.

• 6. Maintenance: Update and improve the so...read more

Node.js is a runtime environment that allows you to run JavaScript on the server side.

• Node.js is built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

• It uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model that makes it lightweight and efficient.

• Node.js is commonly used for building server-side applications, APIs, and real-time applications.

• It has a large ecosystem of libraries and frameworks, such as Express.js and Socket.io.

In Node.js, timers can be implemented using functions like setTimeout() and setInterval().

• Use setTimeout() to execute a function once after a specified delay

• Use setInterval() to execute a function repeatedly at a specified interval

• Clear a timer using clearTimeout() or clearInterval()

• Example: setTimeout(() => { console.log('Timer executed!'); }, 2000);

Customer segmentation methods include demographic, behavioral, psychographic, and geographic segmentation.

• Demographic segmentation: dividing customers based on age, gender, income, education, etc.

• Behavioral segmentation: categorizing customers based on their behavior towards products or services.

• Psychographic segmentation: grouping customers based on their lifestyle, values, beliefs, and personality.

• Geographic segmentation: segmenting customers based on their location, such a...read more

CAPA stands for Corrective and Preventive Action. MES stands for Manufacturing Execution System.

• CAPA is a process used to identify and address the root cause of a problem or nonconformity in a product or process.

• MES is a software system used to manage and monitor manufacturing processes on the shop floor.

• CAPA and MES are both important tools in ensuring quality and efficiency in manufacturing operations.

• Examples of CAPA include investigating customer complaints, conducting au...read more

Harness is the collection of wires and cables that transmit signals and power between different components in a system.

• Harness is used to organize and protect wires and cables in a system.

• It helps in reducing electromagnetic interference and improving signal integrity.

• Harness can be customized based on the specific requirements of the system.

• Examples include wiring harness in automotive industry and cable harness in aerospace industry.

Earthing is the process of connecting electrical systems to the ground to prevent electric shock and protect equipment.

• Earthing provides a path for fault currents to flow safely to the ground.

• It helps in stabilizing voltage levels and protecting against lightning strikes.

• Different types of earthing systems include TN-C, TN-S, TT, and IT systems.

• Proper earthing is essential for safety in electrical installations.