100+ Hafiza Construction Interview Questions and Answers

A program to add two numbers and print the result given a string and an integer

• Extract the integer from the string using regex

• Parse the extracted integer and add it to the given integer

• Print the result on the output

I have 5 years of experience as a Linux System Administrator.

• 5 years of experience in managing Linux servers and systems

• Proficient in troubleshooting, maintenance, and security of Linux systems

• Experience with shell scripting, automation, and monitoring tools

• Certifications like RHCSA or LPIC demonstrate expertise

• Worked with distributions like CentOS, Ubuntu, and Red Hat

Agile is a project management methodology focused on iterative development and collaboration.

• Agile is a project management methodology that emphasizes iterative development, collaboration, and flexibility.

• Trained team for agile development by conducting workshops, providing resources, and coaching on agile principles and practices.

• Action items from sprint retrospectives are discussed with the team, prioritized, and assigned to team members for implementation.

• Estimation techni...read more

I would rate myself 4 out of 5 in Core Java and 3 out of 5 in Spring.

• Strong understanding of object-oriented programming concepts in Core Java.

• Experience in developing Java applications using frameworks like Spring MVC and Spring Boot.

• Proficient in using Spring features like dependency injection, AOP, and MVC architecture.

• Familiarity with Spring Data JPA for database operations.

• Knowledge of Spring Security for implementing authentication and authorization.

• Experience in writin...read more

Regression testing checks if changes in code affect existing functionality, while impact testing checks the effect of changes on related components.

• Regression testing ensures that changes in code do not affect existing functionality

• Impact testing checks the effect of changes on related components

• Regression testing is focused on testing the same functionality repeatedly

• Impact testing is focused on testing the impact of changes on other components

• Regression testing is usually a...read more

Apache Spark supports several cluster managers including YARN, Mesos, and Standalone.

• YARN is the default cluster manager for Spark and is used for Hadoop-based clusters.

• Mesos is a general-purpose cluster manager that can be used with Spark, Hadoop, and other frameworks.

• Standalone is a simple cluster manager that comes bundled with Spark and is suitable for testing and development purposes.

Apex latest version introduces new features like Lightning Web Components, Apex Recipes, and improved debugging capabilities.

• Lightning Web Components allow developers to build reusable components using modern web standards like JavaScript and HTML.

• Apex Recipes provide pre-built code snippets for common use cases, making development faster and easier.

• Improved debugging capabilities include enhanced error messages and better tools for troubleshooting code issues.

Answers to common interview questions for Selenium Automation Tester position

• Overloading is when a class has multiple methods with the same name but different parameters, while overriding is when a subclass provides a specific implementation for a method that is already defined in its superclass.

• POM (Page Object Model) is a design pattern in Selenium automation testing where web pages are represented as classes, and the web elements on the page are defined as variables within...read more

Well Architected Framework is a set of best practices for designing and improving cloud architectures.

• It consists of five pillars: Operational Excellence, Security, Reliability, Performance Efficiency, and Cost Optimization.

• It provides a consistent approach for customers and partners to evaluate architectures and implement designs that will scale over time.

• In migration, the Well Architected Framework can be used to assess the current architecture, identify areas for improveme...read more

Regression testing is the process of testing changes made to an application to ensure that existing functionality still works as expected.

• It involves re-executing test cases that have been previously run to ensure that changes made to the application have not introduced new bugs or broken existing functionality.

• Regression testing is typically performed after a new feature or bug fix has been implemented.

• It can be done manually or through automated testing tools.

• Examples of re...read more

Resolved critical P1 issue related to server downtime

• Identified root cause as a hardware failure in the server

• Coordinated with IT team to replace faulty hardware and restore server functionality

• Implemented measures to prevent similar issues in the future, such as regular hardware maintenance checks

• Communicated updates and progress to stakeholders to ensure transparency and minimize impact on business operations

To identify if data is lost after a user OS crash, check for backups and recovery options.

• Check for backups of the data on external drives or cloud storage

• Use recovery software to attempt to retrieve lost data

• If no backups or recovery options are available, data may be lost

I would troubleshoot the issue by identifying the root cause and providing alternative solutions to ensure the shipment is completed successfully.

• Communicate with the user to understand the specific issue they are facing

• Check the system for any technical errors or glitches that may be preventing the shipment

• Offer alternative shipment methods or solutions, such as using a different carrier or delivery service

• Provide step-by-step guidance to the user on how to troubleshoot the ...read more

RDBMS is a type of DBMS that stores data in a structured manner using tables with relationships.

• DBMS is a general term for any software that manages data, while RDBMS is a specific type of DBMS.

• RDBMS stores data in tables with predefined relationships between them.

• RDBMS enforces ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) to ensure data integrity.

• Examples of RDBMS include MySQL, Oracle, and SQL Server.

• Examples of non-RDBMS DBMS include MongoDB and Cassandr...read more

Performance issues in Oracle Apex can be handled by optimizing SQL queries, reducing network latency, and caching data.

• Optimize SQL queries by using indexes, reducing unnecessary joins, and avoiding full table scans.

• Reduce network latency by minimizing the number of round trips between the client and server.

• Cache data to reduce the need for repeated database queries and improve response times.

Apache Spark is a fast and general-purpose cluster computing system.

• Distributed computing engine

• In-memory processing

• Supports multiple languages

• Machine learning and graph processing libraries

• Real-time stream processing

• Fault-tolerant

• Scalable

Spark is faster than MapReduce due to in-memory processing and DAG execution model.

• Spark uses in-memory processing while MapReduce uses disk-based processing.

• Spark has DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) execution model while MapReduce has Map and Reduce phases.

• Spark supports real-time processing while MapReduce is batch-oriented.

• Spark has a higher level of abstraction and supports multiple languages while MapReduce is limited to Java.

• Spark has built-in libraries for SQL, streaming,...read more

RDD is a distributed collection of data while coalesce is a method to reduce the number of partitions in an RDD.

• RDD is immutable while coalesce creates a new RDD with fewer partitions

• RDD is used for parallel processing while coalesce is used for reducing the number of partitions

• RDD can be created from Hadoop InputFormats while coalesce is a method of RDD

• Example: rdd.coalesce(1) merges all partitions into a single partition

I have implemented WebLogic in my project by configuring and deploying applications on the WebLogic server.

• Configured WebLogic server by setting up domains, servers, and clusters

• Deployed applications on WebLogic server using deployment descriptors

• Managed application resources and services through WebLogic Console or WLST scripts

• Configured connection pools, data sources, and JMS resources

• Implemented security measures like SSL, authentication, and authorization

• Monitored server ...read more

Merge combines two sorted datasets into one, while Union All combines two datasets without sorting.

• Merge Transformation requires sorted input datasets, while Union All does not.

• Merge Transformation combines two datasets into one based on a common key column.

• Union All Transformation simply appends two datasets together.

• Merge Transformation can remove duplicates, while Union All cannot.

• Merge Transformation can have up to four inputs, while Union All can only have two.

Immutability can be achieved by classes through using final keyword, returning new instances in methods, and using defensive copying.

• Use final keyword to make class variables immutable

• Return new instances in methods instead of modifying existing ones

• Use defensive copying to prevent modification of internal state

Server side condition is evaluated on the server before the page is sent to the client, while client side condition is evaluated on the client side after the page is received.

• Server side condition is processed on the server before the page is rendered to the client

• Client side condition is processed on the client's browser after the page is received

• Server side conditions are typically used for security and data validation

• Client side conditions are often used for user interface...read more

React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces, known for its efficiency and flexibility.

• React allows for the creation of reusable UI components, making development faster and more efficient.

• It uses a virtual DOM to improve performance by only updating the necessary parts of the UI.

• React is popular for single-page applications and dynamic web interfaces.

• It is widely used in modern web development due to its declarative and component-based approach.

• React Native all...read more

SAP testing involves various steps including planning, preparation, execution, and reporting. Different systems are used for testing such as SAP Solution Manager, HP Quality Center, and JIRA.

• Planning the testing approach and identifying test scenarios

• Preparing test data and test scripts

• Executing tests and recording results

• Reporting defects and retesting fixes

• Systems used for testing include SAP Solution Manager, HP Quality Center, and JIRA

Annotations used in project: @Component, @Bean. Difference: @Component is a generic stereotype for any Spring-managed component, while @Bean is used to explicitly declare a Spring bean.

• Annotations used in project: @Component, @Bean

• @Component is a generic stereotype for any Spring-managed component

• @Bean is used to explicitly declare a Spring bean

Warehouse inspection focuses on the overall condition and organization of a warehouse, while quality inspection focuses on the specific quality of products or materials.

• Warehouse inspection involves checking for safety hazards, proper storage practices, and organization of inventory.

• Quality inspection involves examining products or materials for defects, consistency, and adherence to quality standards.

• Warehouse inspection may include checking for proper labeling, cleanliness,...read more

Authentication verifies the identity of a user, while authorization determines what actions they are allowed to perform.

• Authentication confirms the identity of a user through credentials like passwords or biometrics.

• Authorization determines the level of access a user has to resources or actions.

• Examples: Logging into a system with a username and password is authentication. Being able to view/edit specific files based on user roles is authorization.

Questions related to Spring Bean, Java versions, exception handling, and OOP concepts.

• Spring Bean goes through various stages in its lifecycle such as instantiation, initialization, and destruction.

• Java versions have differences in terms of features, performance, and security. For example, Java 8 introduced lambda expressions and streams.

• throw is used to throw an exception explicitly while throws is used to declare the exceptions that a method may throw.

• Exception handling is ...read more

Abstraction is hiding unnecessary details while Encapsulation is hiding implementation details.

• Abstraction focuses on the outside view of an object while Encapsulation focuses on the inside view of an object.

• Abstraction is achieved through abstract classes and interfaces while Encapsulation is achieved through access modifiers like private, public, protected.

• Abstraction is used to reduce complexity and increase efficiency while Encapsulation is used to protect the data from u...read more

Index is the position of an element in an array, while subscript is the variable used to access elements in an array.

• Index is a fixed value that represents the position of an element in an array.

• Subscript is a variable used to access elements in an array by specifying the position.

• Example: In an array arr[5], 5 is the index, while arr[i] uses the subscript i to access elements.

Program to remove duplicates in a drop-down

• Create a list to store unique values

• Loop through the drop-down options

• Check if the option is already in the list

• If not, add it to the list

• Update the drop-down options with the unique values

Migration strategy in Migration involves planning and executing the movement of data, applications, and infrastructure from one environment to another.

• Assess current environment and identify dependencies

• Define target environment and establish migration plan

• Test migration process and validate data integrity

• Execute migration with minimal downtime

• Monitor and optimize performance post-migration

Customer satisfaction is a top priority in delivery execution.

• Regular communication with the customer to understand their needs and expectations.

• Establishing clear project goals and timelines.

• Ensuring quality control measures are in place.

• Providing timely updates and addressing any concerns or issues promptly.

• Conducting post-project reviews to gather feedback and identify areas for improvement.

Team upskilling and creating reusable components will be achieved through training, knowledge sharing, and documentation.

• Identify skill gaps and provide relevant training sessions

• Encourage knowledge sharing through regular team meetings and presentations

• Document best practices and reusable components for future reference

• Create a knowledge repository for easy access to information

• Encourage team members to take ownership of their learning and development

• Provide opportunities fo...read more

Immutable classes other than String

• Integer

• Double

• Boolean

• LocalDate

RDD stands for Resilient Distributed Datasets in Pyspark, which are fault-tolerant collections of elements that can be processed in parallel.

• RDDs are the fundamental data structure in Pyspark.

• They are immutable and can be cached in memory for faster processing.

• RDDs can be created from Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), local file system, or by transforming existing RDDs.

• Examples of transformations include map, filter, and reduceByKey.

• Actions like count, collect, and saveA...read more

CAF stands for Common Assessment Framework. It is a tool used to assess the needs of individuals and families to provide appropriate support and services.

• CAF is a holistic assessment tool used in social care to identify the strengths and needs of individuals and families.

• It helps professionals to work together to provide coordinated support and services.

• The benefits of CAF include early intervention, improved outcomes for individuals and families, and better coordination of s...read more

Missileware is a type of software used in missile systems, while a filter is a program that screens data.

• Missileware is designed to control and guide missiles, while filters are used to sort and block data.

• Missileware is typically used in military applications, while filters are used in various industries such as email and internet security.

• Examples of missileware include guidance systems for missiles, while examples of filters include spam filters and content filters.

React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.

• React allows developers to create reusable UI components.

• It uses a virtual DOM to efficiently update the UI.

• React Hooks provide a way to use state and other React features in functional components.

• Redux is a state management library that can be used with React to manage application state.

Conditional Split Transformation is a data flow transformation in SSIS that routes data based on specified conditions.

• It is used in SSIS to split data based on conditions

• It has one input and multiple outputs

• Each output has a condition that determines whether the data is sent to that output

• It can be used to filter data, route data to different destinations, or perform different transformations on data based on conditions

There is no one-size-fits-all framework for Agile adoption, as it depends on the organization's specific needs and context.

• Different frameworks like Scrum, Kanban, SAFe, and LeSS can work well depending on the organization's size, industry, and culture.

• Scrum is popular for its simplicity and focus on iterative development, while Kanban is more flexible and suitable for continuous delivery.

• SAFe (Scaled Agile Framework) is often used in larger organizations to scale Agile pract...read more

I drive value for customers by prioritizing their needs, providing timely solutions, and ensuring their satisfaction.

• Understanding customer requirements and expectations

• Communicating effectively and promptly

• Taking ownership of issues and following through to resolution

• Seeking feedback and continuously improving processes

• Going above and beyond to exceed customer expectations

Kibana is a data visualization tool used to analyze and monitor logs and metrics.

• Kibana is part of the Elastic Stack (ELK stack) and is used to visualize data stored in Elasticsearch.

• It allows users to create interactive dashboards and visualizations to analyze log data and metrics.

• Other monitor tools experience may include tools like Grafana, Prometheus, Nagios, etc.

There are two types of facts: objective and subjective.

• Objective facts are based on measurable data and can be proven true or false.

• Subjective facts are based on personal opinions and experiences.

• Objective facts include the temperature outside, the weight of an object, and the time of day.

• Subjective facts include whether a movie is good or bad, whether a painting is beautiful or ugly, and whether a food tastes good or bad.

JSX is a syntax extension for JavaScript that allows writing HTML-like code in React. Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM used for efficient updates.

• JSX is a syntax extension for JavaScript used in React to write HTML-like code within JavaScript files

• Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM used by React to improve performance by minimizing actual DOM updates

• JSX elements are transpiled into regular JavaScript function calls before being rendered to ...read more

There are three types of dimensions: conformed, degenerate, and junk.

• Conformed dimensions are shared across multiple fact tables.

• Degenerate dimensions are attributes that do not have a dimension table.

• Junk dimensions are a collection of flags and indicators that do not fit in any other dimension.

Var and const are variable declarations in JavaScript with different scopes. Var has function scope while const has block scope.

• Var has function scope, meaning it is accessible within the function it is declared in.

• Const has block scope, meaning it is accessible only within the block it is declared in.

• Var can be redeclared and reassigned, while const cannot be reassigned but can be mutated.

• Var is hoisted to the top of its function scope, while const is not hoisted.

Find 2nd highest number from an array of strings

• Convert array of strings to array of integers

• Sort the array in descending order

• Return the second element in the sorted array

Types of joins in SQL with examples

• Inner Join: Returns rows when there is a match in both tables

• Left Join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table

• Right Join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table

• Full Outer Join: Returns rows when there is a match in either table

• Cross Join: Returns the Cartesian product of the two tables

To continuously enhance my skills and knowledge in technology, leadership, and business to become a trusted advisor for clients.

• Continuous learning and development in technology trends and solutions

• Building strong leadership and communication skills

• Developing a deep understanding of business processes and strategies

• Becoming a trusted advisor for clients by providing innovative and effective solutions

Various services like compute, storage, networking, databases, analytics, AI/ML, IoT, and more are used in the cloud.

• Compute services (e.g. AWS EC2, Azure Virtual Machines)

• Storage services (e.g. AWS S3, Google Cloud Storage)

• Networking services (e.g. AWS VPC, Azure Virtual Network)

• Database services (e.g. AWS RDS, Azure SQL Database)

• Analytics services (e.g. AWS Redshift, Google BigQuery)

• AI/ML services (e.g. AWS SageMaker, Azure Machine Learning)

• IoT services (e.g. AWS IoT, Azure...read more

DBMS stands for Database Management System and RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.

• DBMS is a software system that manages and organizes data in a database.

• RDBMS is a type of DBMS that stores data in tables with relationships between them.

• RDBMS uses SQL (Structured Query Language) to manipulate and retrieve data.

• Examples of popular RDBMS include MySQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server.

HashMap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to quickly retrieve values based on keys.

• HashMap internally uses an array of linked lists to store key-value pairs.

• When a key-value pair is added, the key is hashed to determine the index in the array where it will be stored.

• If multiple keys hash to the same index, a linked list is used to handle collisions.

• To retrieve a value, the key is hashed again to find the index and then the linked list is searche...read more

Scope creep refers to the uncontrolled expansion of project scope. It can be managed by setting clear project boundaries, conducting regular scope reviews, and implementing change control processes.

• Scope creep occurs when there is an uncontrolled expansion of project scope beyond its original boundaries.

• It often happens when new requirements or features are added without proper evaluation or approval.

• To handle scope creep, it is important to establish clear project boundaries...read more

Joining a domain involves a few simple steps.

• Ensure the computer is connected to the network

• Open System Properties and click on 'Change'

• Enter the domain name and provide credentials

• Restart the computer for changes to take effect

Implicit wait is set globally for all elements, while explicit wait is applied only to specific elements.

• Implicit wait is set once at the beginning of the test script

• Explicit wait is used for specific elements with different wait times

• Implicit wait is defined for the entire duration of the WebDriver object

• Explicit wait is defined for a specific condition or element to wait for

Tableau offers a variety of chart types to visualize data effectively.

• Bar chart - used to compare different categories

• Line chart - shows trends over time

• Pie chart - displays parts of a whole

• Scatter plot - shows relationships between two variables

• Heat map - visualizes data using color intensity

• Tree map - displays hierarchical data using nested rectangles

Closer functions are functions that have access to the parent scope even after the parent function has closed.

• Closer functions are nested functions within another function.

• They have access to variables and parameters of the parent function.

• They can access variables even after the parent function has finished executing.

I have 5 years of project experience in implementing and optimizing SCM modules.

• Implemented end-to-end supply chain solutions for a global manufacturing company

• Optimized inventory management processes to reduce costs and improve efficiency

• Led cross-functional teams in implementing new SCM software systems

• Developed and implemented KPIs to measure supply chain performance

SSRS Architecture is a three-tier architecture consisting of a client, application server, and database server.

• Client sends a request to the application server

• Application server processes the request and retrieves data from the database server

• Data is then sent back to the application server and rendered in the client

• Report Server manages the report processing and rendering

• Report Manager provides a web-based interface for managing reports

Java Collections framework provides a set of interfaces and classes to store and manipulate groups of objects.

• Collections framework includes interfaces like List, Set, and Map, along with classes like ArrayList, HashSet, and HashMap.

• Internal implementation of collections varies based on the specific collection type.

• For example, ArrayList uses an array to store elements, while LinkedList uses a doubly linked list.

• HashMap uses a hash table to store key-value pairs efficiently.

Using Java Stream API to find repeating numbers in an array of strings.

• Convert array of strings to Stream

• Use Collectors.groupingBy to group by each element

• Filter the map by count > 1 to find repeating numbers

Experience in managing assets and configuration is crucial for successful asset management.

• Experience in tracking and maintaining assets to ensure they are utilized efficiently

• Knowledge of configuration management to standardize and control changes to assets

• Ability to optimize asset performance and reduce downtime through effective management

• Experience in implementing asset tracking systems and software for streamlined management

• Examples: Implementing RFID technology for trac...read more

ALE configurations in SAP PI PO

• ALE (Application Link Enabling) is used for exchanging data between different SAP systems

• ALE configurations in SAP PI/PO involve setting up logical systems, ports, partner profiles, and distribution models

• ALE can be used for both inbound and outbound communication

• ALE can be configured using transaction codes such as SALE, BD64, and WE20

Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that involves training algorithms to make predictions or decisions based on data.

• Machine learning involves using algorithms to analyze and learn from data

• It can be supervised, unsupervised, or semi-supervised

• Examples include image recognition, natural language processing, and recommendation systems

Joins in SQL and Hive tables involve combining data from multiple tables based on a common column.

• Use JOIN keyword to combine tables based on a common column

• Types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id

To solve a complex customer issue, gather all relevant information, analyze the problem, communicate effectively, collaborate with team members, and provide timely updates.

• Gather all relevant information about the issue from the customer.

• Analyze the problem thoroughly to understand the root cause.

• Communicate effectively with the customer to manage expectations and gather additional details.

• Collaborate with team members or other departments if necessary to find a solution.

• Prov...read more

Purchase sale of goods journal entry

• When goods are purchased, the journal entry would be a debit to the inventory account and a credit to accounts payable or cash.

• When goods are sold, the journal entry would be a debit to accounts receivable or cash and a credit to sales revenue.

• If there are any discounts or returns, adjustments would need to be made to the journal entries.

• The journal entries should be recorded in the general ledger and posted to the appropriate accounts.

Blockchain is a decentralized, digital ledger that records transactions in a secure and transparent manner.

• It is a distributed database that stores information across a network of computers.

• Each block in the chain contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, creating an unbreakable chain of data.

• It is used in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum, but also has potential applications in industries like finance, healthcare, and supply chain management.

Code to find duplicates in a string array

• Iterate through each string in the array

• Use a hashmap to store each character and its count

• Check if the character count is greater than 1 to find duplicates

Java 8 introduced several new features including lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods.

• Lambda expressions allow you to write code in a more concise and readable way.

• Functional interfaces are interfaces with a single abstract method, which can be implemented using lambda expressions.

• Streams provide a way to work with collections of objects in a functional style.

• Default methods allow interfaces to have method implementations.

• Optional class help...read more