Bio-Rad Laboratories Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 45 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This round was telephonic round. The interview lasted for approximately 45 minutes. The interviewer asked me three coding questions. I hustled a bit on 3rd question but after a hint was able to solve it.

Round duration - 120 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This round was Online Test on Hackerrank for 120 minutes, it contained 3 questions.

Q1. 
LRU Cache Design Question
Design a data structure for a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache that supports the following operations:
1. get(key) - Return the value of the key if it exists in the cache; otherw...read more
Ans. 
Design a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache data structure that supports get and put operations with capacity constraint.
• Use a combination of hashmap and doubly linked list to implement the LRU cache.

• Keep track of the least recently used item and evict it when the cache reaches its capacity.

• Update the position of an item in the cache whenever it is accessed or updated.

• Handle both get and put operations efficiently to main...read more
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This round was face to face Interview at Ola Campus and lasted for 1 hour.

Round duration - 35 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This round was again a face to face technical interview, I was just asked one question in this round.

Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Only a question of System Design was asked

Q1. Design a toll booth system for Ola cabs and explain the necessary functions and data structures used in it.
Ans. 
Design a toll booth system for Ola cabs with necessary functions and data structures.
• Use a queue data structure to manage the order of vehicles waiting at the toll booth.

• Implement functions for vehicle entry, toll calculation, and exit.

• Store vehicle information such as license plate number, type of vehicle, and toll amount in a hash map.

• Utilize a priority queue to handle VIP or premium customers efficiently.

• Include a f...read more
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Very general HR questions were asked

Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

It was in the morning, where there were 3 questions to answer.

Q1. 
Number of Islands Problem Statement
You are provided with a 2-dimensional matrix having N rows and M columns, containing only 1s (land) and 0s (water). Your goal is to determine the number of islands in t...read more
Ans. 
Count the number of islands in a 2D matrix of 1s and 0s.
• Use Depth First Search (DFS) or Breadth First Search (BFS) to traverse the matrix and identify connected groups of 1s.

• Maintain a visited array to keep track of visited cells to avoid redundant traversal.

• Increment the island count each time a new island is encountered.

• Consider all eight possible directions for connectivity while traversing the matrix.

• Handle edge ca...read more
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Q2. 
Missing Numbers Problem Statement
You are provided with an array called ARR, consisting of distinct positive integers. Your task is to identify all the numbers that fall within the range of the smallest a...read more
Ans. 
Identify missing numbers within the range of smallest and largest elements in an array.
• Find the smallest and largest elements in the array.

• Generate a list of numbers within this range.

• Filter out the numbers present in the array.

• Return the missing numbers in sorted order.
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Q3. 
Count Leaf Nodes in a Binary Tree
Given a binary tree, your task is to count and return the number of leaf nodes present in it.
A binary tree is a data structure where each node has at most two children,...read more
Ans. 
Count and return the number of leaf nodes in a binary tree.
• Traverse the binary tree and count nodes with both left and right children as NULL.

• Use recursion to traverse the tree efficiently.

• Leaf nodes have no children, so check for NULL left and right children to identify them.
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Round duration - 20 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

It was a system design round.

Q1. Can you describe the system design of the OLA app?
Ans. 
OLA app system design involves multiple components like user interface, driver matching algorithm, payment processing, etc.
• User interface for booking rides and tracking

• Driver matching algorithm based on location and availability

• Payment processing for seamless transactions

• Real-time tracking of rides for both users and drivers
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Round duration - 45 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

It was a DS Algo round.

Q1. 
Diagonal Traversal of a Binary Tree Problem Statement
Given a binary tree, your task is to determine the diagonal traversal of the tree.
Example:
Input:
1 2 3 4 -1 5 6 -1 7 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
Output:
...read more
Ans. 
Diagonal traversal of a binary tree involves traversing nodes diagonally from top to bottom and left to right.
• Traverse the tree level by level, starting from the root node.

• For each level, keep track of the diagonal nodes and their children.

• Use a queue to store nodes at each level and traverse them accordingly.

• Example: For input 1 2 3 4 -1 5 6 -1 7 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1, the diagonal traversal is 1 3 6 2 5 4 7.
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Q2. 
Minimum Number Of Taps To Water Garden Problem Statement
You are required to determine the minimum number of taps that need to be opened to water an entire one-dimensional garden defined along the x-axis,...read more
Ans. 
Find the minimum number of taps to water an entire garden along the x-axis.
• Iterate over the taps and find the farthest point each tap can reach.

• Sort the taps based on their starting points and use a greedy approach to select the taps.

• Keep track of the farthest point reachable by the selected taps and the number of taps opened.

• Return the minimum number of taps needed to water the entire garden or -1 if it's impossible.
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Round duration - 15 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

HR Round