60+ Interview Questions and Answers

Answers to questions related to civil engineering interview.

• Contraction joints are used to prevent cracking due to shrinkage, while expansion joints allow for the expansion and contraction of concrete.

• Curing is necessary after concreteing to prevent moisture loss, maintain proper hydration, and enhance the strength and durability of the concrete.

• M20 grade of concrete refers to the mix ratio of cement, sand, and aggregate used in the concrete mix.

• Scaffolding is a temporary str...read more

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction.

• Transformers are used to increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current (AC) power supply.

• There are two main types of transformers: step-up transformers and step-down transformers.

• Step-up transformers increase the voltage of the input power supply, while step-down transformers decrease the voltage.

• Transformers are made up of two coil...read more

The use of advanced automation systems, such as programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and robotics, can greatly enhance industry efficiency.

• Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) allow for precise control and automation of industrial processes.

• Robotics can perform repetitive tasks with high accuracy and speed, reducing human error and increasing productivity.

• Machine learning algorithms can optimize production processes by analyzing data and making real-time adjustments.

• Interne...read more

Yes, the subtotal of values given in the excel sheet can be calculated using formulas.

• Use the SUM function to add up a range of cells

• Use the SUBTOTAL function to add up a range of cells while ignoring hidden rows

• Make sure to select the correct range of cells for accurate subtotals

Turbine blades are coated with thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to protect them from high temperatures and corrosion.

• TBCs are made of ceramic materials such as zirconia and alumina

• TBCs help to reduce the heat transfer from the hot gas to the blade

• TBCs also protect the blade from oxidation and corrosion

• Other coatings such as thermal spray coatings and diffusion coatings are also used for turbine blades

• Thermal spray coatings are made of metals such as nickel and cobalt

• Diffusion ...read more

I face challenges in power plants by implementing strict safety protocols, conducting regular inspections, and providing continuous training to employees.

• Implementing strict safety protocols to prevent accidents

• Conducting regular inspections to identify potential hazards

• Providing continuous training to employees on safety procedures

• Collaborating with management to address safety concerns

• Utilizing technology for monitoring and improving safety measures

There are three types of cooling towers: natural draught, forced draught, and induced draught.

• Natural draught cooling towers use the natural convection of air to cool water.

• Forced draught cooling towers use fans to force air through the tower.

• Induced draught cooling towers use fans to draw air through the tower.

• The choice of cooling tower type depends on factors such as the size of the plant, the cooling requirements, and the local climate.

• Cooling towers are commonly used in ...read more

BHEL is a reputable company with a strong track record in the industry.

• BHEL has a long history of delivering high-quality products and services.

• The company has a strong market presence and is well-known for its engineering expertise.

• BHEL has received positive feedback from my friends who have worked or interacted with the company.

• The company's financial performance and growth prospects are promising.

Stainless steel is corrosion-resistant due to the presence of chromium.

• Chromium forms a thin layer of oxide on the surface of the steel, which prevents further corrosion.

• The amount of chromium in stainless steel determines its level of corrosion resistance.

• Other elements like nickel and molybdenum can also contribute to corrosion resistance.

• Stainless steel is commonly used in applications where corrosion resistance is important, such as in the food and medical industries.

Calculate GST amount from given data using Excel.

• Open Excel and enter the data in a table format

• Use the formula =Amount*(GST%)/100 to calculate GST amount

• Ensure that the cell format is set to currency

• Repeat the formula for all rows in the table

• Sum up the GST amount column to get the total GST amount

Convert department names to uppercase in Excel

• Select the column containing department names

• Click on the 'Home' tab in the Excel ribbon

• Click on the 'Uppercase' button in the 'Font' section

• Alternatively, use the 'UPPER' function in a new column to convert text to uppercase

Supercritical stage of steam refers to a state where it exhibits properties of both liquid and gas.

• Occurs at temperatures and pressures above the critical point

• Density and viscosity are similar to liquids, while diffusivity and compressibility are similar to gases

• No distinct boundary between liquid and gas phases

• Used in power plants for more efficient energy generation

NDT stands for Non-Destructive Testing. Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound waves to detect flaws in materials. Magnetic testing uses magnetic fields to identify defects.

• NDT stands for Non-Destructive Testing

• Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound waves

• Ultrasonic testing principle: Sound waves are sent into the material and the reflected waves are analyzed to detect flaws

• Magnetic testing uses magnetic fields to identify defects

• Magnetic testing principle: Magneti...read more

Synchronous motor runs at a constant speed while hysteresis motor has a rotor that follows the rotating magnetic field.

• Synchronous motor is used in applications where constant speed is required, such as in clocks and timers.

• Hysteresis motor is used in applications where precise control of speed is required, such as in record players and tape recorders.

• Synchronous motor has a stator and rotor that rotate at the same speed, while hysteresis motor has a rotor that lags behind th...read more

Subcritical units operate below critical pressure and temperature, while supercritical units operate above critical pressure and temperature.

• Subcritical units have lower efficiency and require more fuel compared to supercritical units.

• Supercritical units have higher steam pressure and temperature, resulting in better efficiency and lower emissions.

• Subcritical units are cheaper to build and maintain compared to supercritical units.

• Examples of subcritical units include 500 MW a...read more

BHEL manufactures power generation equipment, transmission systems, transportation equipment, and industrial products.

• BHEL manufactures power generation equipment such as boilers, turbines, and generators.

• They also manufacture transmission systems like transformers and switchgears.

• BHEL produces transportation equipment such as locomotives and electric vehicles.

• They manufacture industrial products like valves, heat exchangers, and pumps.

• BHEL has also diversified into renewable...read more

The different parts of a lathe machine include the bed, headstock, tailstock, carriage, chuck, tool post, and feed mechanism.

• Bed: It is the base of the lathe machine that supports all the other components.

• Headstock: It houses the main spindle, gears, and controls the speed of rotation.

• Tailstock: It provides support to the other end of the workpiece and can be moved along the bed.

• Carriage: It holds the cutting tool and can move along the bed horizontally.

• Chuck: It holds the wo...read more

Efficiency of a boiler can be increased by improving insulation, optimizing combustion, and regular maintenance.

• Improve insulation to reduce heat loss

• Optimize combustion by adjusting air-to-fuel ratio and using efficient burners

• Regular maintenance to clean and repair components

• Use economizers to recover waste heat

• Upgrade to high-efficiency boilers

• Implement energy management systems to monitor and control boiler operations

Water temperature changes to steam in water separator.

• Water temperature decreases in water separator as steam is separated from it.

• The separated steam has a higher temperature than the remaining water.

• The temperature change depends on the pressure and flow rate of the water and steam.

• The water temperature may drop by 10-20 degrees Celsius in the separator.

• The steam temperature may increase by 10-20 degrees Celsius in the separator.

To change the date format to D-MM-YYYY, use the format function in the programming language of your choice.

• Use the format function to specify the desired format

• In Python: date.strftime('%d-%m-%Y')

• In JavaScript: date.toLocaleDateString('en-GB', {day: 'numeric', month: 'numeric', year: 'numeric'})

• In SQL: CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), date, 105)

I am proficient in operating CNC machines, lathes, milling machines, and grinders.

• CNC machines

• Lathes

• Milling machines

• Grinders

A chain design is primarily done by considering the desired function, load requirements, material selection, and manufacturing processes.

• Identify the purpose and function of the chain

• Determine the load requirements and calculate the necessary strength

• Select appropriate materials based on factors like strength, corrosion resistance, and cost

• Consider the manufacturing processes involved in producing the chain

• Design the chain geometry, including link shape, size, and spacing

• Perf...read more

To make a job based on drawing, follow these steps:

• Study the drawing carefully and understand the dimensions and specifications

• Select the appropriate materials and tools required for the job

• Create a plan of action and break down the job into smaller tasks

• Follow the plan and execute each task with precision

• Check the work at each stage to ensure it matches the drawing

• Make any necessary adjustments to ensure the final product matches the drawing

BHEL manufactures a wide range of products including power generation equipment, industrial motors, transformers, and more.

• Power generation equipment

• Industrial motors

• Transformers

• Boilers

• Turbines

To complete a project within time, effective planning, resource allocation, and monitoring are essential.

• Create a detailed project plan with clear milestones and deadlines

• Allocate resources efficiently and ensure they have the necessary skills

• Regularly monitor progress and identify any potential delays

• Implement strategies to mitigate risks and address any issues promptly

• Maintain open communication with the team and stakeholders

• Use project management tools and techniques to st...read more

Cube test results are used to determine the compressive strength of concrete at 7 and 28 days.

• Cube test involves casting cubes of concrete and testing them under compression

• Results are reported in terms of compressive strength in MPa or psi

• 7-day results are used to determine early strength and 28-day results are used to determine ultimate strength

• Concrete with a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa is considered suitable for most construction purposes

Batch production is a manufacturing process where products are made in groups or batches, rather than individually.

• Products are produced in specified quantities at a time

• Each batch goes through the whole production process together

• Common in industries like food processing, pharmaceuticals, and automotive manufacturing

Collective bargaining is a process of negotiation between employers and employees, usually through their respective representatives, to determine the terms and conditions of employment.

• It involves a group of employees bargaining with their employer for better wages, benefits, and working conditions

• The process is usually facilitated by a union or other employee representative

• The goal is to reach a mutually beneficial agreement that satisfies both parties

• Collective bargaining i...read more

Concrete temperature refers to the temperature of freshly mixed concrete.

• Concrete temperature affects the setting time and strength development of concrete.

• It is important to control the temperature of concrete during mixing, transportation, and placement.

• High temperatures can accelerate the setting time and reduce workability, while low temperatures can slow down setting and strength gain.

• Concrete temperature is typically measured using a thermometer or temperature sensors.

• T...read more

Determining the useful life of fixed assets involves assessing factors such as wear and tear, technological advancements, and industry standards.

• Consider the physical condition of the asset and how it may deteriorate over time.

• Evaluate technological advancements that may render the asset obsolete sooner than expected.

• Research industry standards for similar assets to determine typical useful life spans.

• Consult with experts or conduct studies to gather data on the expected usef...read more

PLC is a hardware device that controls industrial processes, while SCADA is a software system that monitors and controls those processes.

• PLC is a programmable logic controller that controls the input/output of industrial processes.

• SCADA is a supervisory control and data acquisition system that collects and analyzes data from the industrial processes.

• PLC is a hardware device, while SCADA is a software system.

• PLC is used for controlling the process, while SCADA is used for moni...read more

Working at height safety is crucial to prevent falls and injuries.

• Ensure proper training and certification for workers

• Use appropriate fall protection equipment such as harnesses and guardrails

• Regularly inspect equipment and work areas for potential hazards

• Implement a rescue plan in case of emergencies

• Follow all relevant safety regulations and guidelines

• Provide adequate supervision and communication among workers

• Examples: scaffolding, ladders, roofs, elevated platforms

GST forms are documents used for filing GST returns and claiming input tax credit.

• There are various GST forms for different purposes such as registration, returns, refunds, etc.

• Some of the commonly used GST forms are GSTR-1, GSTR-3B, GSTR-9, etc.

• GSTR-1 is used for filing outward supplies details, GSTR-3B is used for monthly summary returns, and GSTR-9 is used for annual returns.

• GST forms can be filed online through the GST portal.

• Proper filling of GST forms is important for c...read more

Relays are used for low power applications while contactors are used for high power applications.

• Relays are typically used in control circuits to switch low power loads such as lights and fans.

• Contactors are used to switch high power loads such as motors and compressors.

• Relays have a lower current rating than contactors.

• Contactors have larger contacts and can handle higher currents than relays.

• Relays are typically smaller in size than contactors.

• Contactors are typically more ...read more

Switch is an electronic component used to connect or disconnect a circuit while a timer is a device used to measure time intervals.

• Switch is used to turn on/off a device while timer is used to control the duration of a device's operation.

• Switch is a binary device with two states (on/off) while timer can be analog or digital and can measure time in seconds, minutes, or hours.

• Examples of switches include light switches, power switches, and toggle switches while examples of time...read more

Hazards can be classified into physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial.

• Physical hazards include noise, vibration, radiation, and temperature extremes.

• Chemical hazards include exposure to toxic substances like gases, liquids, and solids.

• Biological hazards include exposure to viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.

• Ergonomic hazards include repetitive motion, poor posture, and lifting heavy objects.

• Psychosocial hazards include stress, violence, an...read more

Registry keys are settings and configurations stored in the Windows Registry.

• Registry keys are used to store information about software, hardware, user preferences, and operating system settings.

• They are organized in a hierarchical structure similar to folders and files.

• Examples of registry keys include HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, HKEY_CURRENT_USER, and HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT.

Precocious of water structure joint refers to the ability of a joint to withstand water pressure and prevent leakage.

• Water structure joints should be designed and constructed to be watertight.

• Various types of joints can be used in water structures, such as expansion joints, construction joints, and control joints.

• Proper sealing materials and techniques should be employed to ensure the integrity of the joints.

• Regular inspection and maintenance of water structure joints are nec...read more

Switches are used to control the flow of current in a circuit, while relays are used to switch a circuit on or off.

• Switches are manually operated, while relays are electrically operated.

• Switches are used in low voltage applications, while relays are used in high voltage applications.

• Switches are simple in construction, while relays are more complex.

• Examples of switches include light switches and toggle switches, while examples of relays include electromagnetic relays and soli...read more

Casting methods are processes used to create metal objects by pouring molten metal into a mold.

• Sand casting: uses sand molds to create the shape of the object

• Investment casting: uses wax patterns that are melted away to create the mold

• Die casting: uses metal molds to create complex shapes with high accuracy

• Permanent mold casting: uses reusable molds made of metal

• Centrifugal casting: rotates the mold to distribute the molten metal evenly

A multimeter is an electronic device used to measure voltage, current, and resistance in electrical circuits.

• It can measure AC and DC voltage

• It can measure AC and DC current

• It can measure resistance

• It can also measure other electrical parameters such as capacitance and frequency

• It typically has a digital display for easy reading

• Examples of multimeter brands include Fluke, Klein Tools, and Extech

The company is a leading technology firm specializing in software development and engineering solutions.

• Founded in 2005 by a group of software engineers

• Provides services in web development, mobile app development, and cloud computing

• Clients include Fortune 500 companies such as Google and Microsoft

Good strength in civil engineering can be achieved through proper gating techniques.

• Use high-quality materials for construction

• Ensure proper mixing of concrete and other materials

• Follow proper curing techniques

• Use reinforcement bars and other strengthening methods

• Perform regular maintenance and inspections

• Consider factors such as load capacity and environmental conditions

• Use computer simulations and modeling to optimize strength

• Consult with experienced engineers and contracto...read more

An IP (Internet Protocol) is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

• IP addresses are used to identify and locate devices on a network.

• There are two versions of IP addresses: IPv4 (e.g. 192.168.1.1) and IPv6 (e.g. 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).

• IP addresses can be static (manually assigned) or dynamic (assigned by a DHCP server).

A domain is a group of networked computers that share a common set of rules for communication.

• A domain is a collection of computers and devices that are all connected and controlled by a central authority.

• Domains are used in networking to organize and manage groups of computers and users.

• Each domain has a unique name, such as 'example.com', and can have its own security policies and settings.

• Domains are commonly used in businesses and organizations to centralize network manag...read more

Schedule III is a category of controlled substances with a moderate to low potential for abuse and dependence.

• Schedule III drugs require a prescription but have less strict regulations compared to Schedule I and II drugs.

• Examples of Schedule III substances include anabolic steroids, ketamine, and some codeine products.

• Prescriptions for Schedule III drugs can typically be refilled up to 5 times within a 6-month period.

Cooling towers are used to remove heat from a process by evaporating water.

• Natural draft cooling towers

• Mechanical draft cooling towers

• Crossflow cooling towers

• Counterflow cooling towers

Hydraulic system uses fluid to transmit power and consists of a pump, valves, cylinders, and actuators.

• Hydraulic pump generates flow of hydraulic fluid

• Valves control the direction and pressure of the fluid

• Cylinders convert fluid power into mechanical power

• Actuators use the mechanical power to perform work

• Example: Pump sends fluid to valve, which directs it to cylinder, causing actuator to move

Power plant cycle is a series of processes that convert fuel into electricity.

• Fuel is burned to produce heat

• Heat is used to boil water and create steam

• Steam turns a turbine which generates electricity

• Excess heat is released into the environment

• Water is cooled and recycled in the system

Suggestion planning involves creating and implementing ideas for improvement within an organization.

• Involves brainstorming ideas for improvement

• Creating actionable plans based on suggestions

• Implementing changes to improve processes or outcomes

• Encouraging employee participation in suggesting ideas

• Regularly reviewing and evaluating the effectiveness of implemented suggestions

Mechanical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the design, analysis, and manufacturing of mechanical systems.

• Involves the application of physics, mathematics, and materials science

• Designs and analyzes machines, engines, and other mechanical systems

• Includes areas such as thermodynamics, mechanics, and robotics

• Examples include designing car engines, aircraft structures, and medical devices

Various metals are used at work sites depending on the application and industry.

• Common metals used include steel, aluminum, copper, and brass.

• Steel is often used in construction and manufacturing for its strength and durability.

• Aluminum is lightweight and corrosion-resistant, making it ideal for aerospace and automotive industries.

• Copper is a good conductor of electricity and is used in electrical wiring and plumbing.

• Brass is a combination of copper and zinc and is often used...read more

A trial balance is a list of all the general ledger accounts contained in the ledger of a business.

• It is used to ensure that the total debits equal the total credits in the accounting records.

• It is prepared at the end of an accounting period before the financial statements are prepared.

• Errors in the accounting records can be identified by checking the trial balance.

• Example: If the total debits in the trial balance do not equal the total credits, it indicates an error in the a...read more

Plot no 02 sabji form is a form used for recording details of vegetables grown in Plot no 02.

• Plot no 02 sabji form is used by farmers to keep track of the types and quantities of vegetables grown in Plot no 02.

• The form may include fields for recording the date of planting, type of vegetable, quantity harvested, and any notes on the condition of the crop.

• Examples of vegetables that may be recorded on the form include tomatoes, cucumbers, bell peppers, and eggplants.

Knocking is an abnormal combustion phenomenon in internal combustion engines.

• Knocking occurs when the air-fuel mixture in the engine's cylinders ignites prematurely or unevenly.

• It produces a knocking or pinging sound, which can cause damage to the engine if not addressed.

• Factors contributing to knocking include low octane fuel, high engine temperatures, and incorrect ignition timing.

HR analytics is the process of collecting and analyzing HR data to improve decision-making and strategic planning within an organization.

• HR analytics involves using data to identify trends, patterns, and insights related to workforce performance, recruitment, retention, and employee engagement.

• It helps HR professionals make data-driven decisions to improve employee satisfaction, productivity, and overall organizational performance.

• Examples of HR analytics include tracking emp...read more

Testing of HT LT panel involves various procedures to ensure its functionality and safety.

• Testing of HT LT panel includes visual inspection for any physical damage or loose connections.

• Functional testing is performed to check the operation of various components such as circuit breakers, relays, meters, etc.

• Insulation resistance testing is conducted to verify the insulation integrity of the panel.

• High voltage testing is carried out to assess the panel's ability to withstand hi...read more

My name is John Doe.

• Full name is John Doe

• Common name in English-speaking countries

• No middle name or initial