30+ Hindustan Construction Company Interview Questions and Answers

Smoke testing is a preliminary test to check if the software build is stable, while sanity testing is a subset of regression testing to ensure that specific functionalities are working correctly.

• Smoke testing is a high-level test to check if the software build is stable and can proceed with further testing.

• Sanity testing is a subset of regression testing, focusing on specific functionalities to ensure they are working correctly after changes.

• Smoke testing is usually performed...read more

Performance testing is a type of testing to ensure software applications perform well under expected workload.

• Performance testing measures the responsiveness, speed, and stability of a system under a specific workload.

• Types of performance testing include load testing, stress testing, endurance testing, and spike testing.

• Load testing checks the system's ability to handle expected load levels.

• Stress testing evaluates the system's behavior under extreme conditions.

• Endurance test...read more

Jenkins is a popular open-source automation server used for continuous integration and continuous delivery of software projects. Git is a distributed version control system for tracking changes in source code. Non-functional testing involves testing aspects like performance, usability, and security.

• Jenkins is used for automating the build, test, and deployment processes in software development.

• Git allows multiple developers to collaborate on a project by managing changes to t...read more

Regression testing is the process of retesting a software application to ensure that new code changes have not adversely affected existing functionality.

• Regression testing is performed after code changes to verify that the existing functionality still works as expected.

• It helps in identifying any defects introduced by new code changes.

• Regression testing can be automated to save time and effort.

• Examples of regression testing tools include Selenium, JUnit, and TestNG.

final is a keyword used in Java to declare constants, while finally is a block used in exception handling to execute code regardless of an exception.

• final is used to declare constants in Java, meaning the value cannot be changed once assigned

• finally is a block used in exception handling to execute code regardless of an exception being thrown

• Example: final int MAX_VALUE = 100; try { // code that may throw an exception } finally { // code to be executed regardless of exception ...read more

Testing is the process of evaluating a system or component to determine if it meets specified requirements.

• Testing is an essential part of the software development life cycle.

• It involves executing a system or component with the intent of finding defects.

• Testing helps in identifying and preventing potential issues or bugs.

• It ensures that the software meets the desired quality standards.

• Different types of testing include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and ac...read more

AI has revolutionized the testing field by automating repetitive tasks, improving accuracy, and enabling faster testing cycles.

• AI helps in test case generation, execution, and analysis, reducing manual effort.

• AI-powered tools can identify patterns and anomalies in data to improve test coverage.

• Machine learning algorithms can predict potential issues based on historical data, aiding in proactive testing.

• AI can simulate user behavior to test software applications in real-world ...read more

A collection is a group of related objects or values. Types include List, Set, Map, Queue, and Stack.

• Collections are used to store and manipulate groups of data.

• List is an ordered collection that allows duplicates.

• Set is an unordered collection that does not allow duplicates.

• Map is a collection of key-value pairs.

• Queue is a collection that orders elements in a FIFO (First-In-First-Out) manner.

• Stack is a collection that orders elements in a LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) manner.

A test bed is a platform or environment used to conduct testing of software or hardware.

• Test bed simulates the actual environment in which the software or hardware will operate.

• It allows for testing of different scenarios and conditions to ensure the product functions correctly.

• Test beds can include physical devices, virtual machines, or a combination of both.

• Examples of test beds include a network of computers for testing software applications or a robotic arm for testing au...read more

Regression testing is testing the entire application after changes, while retesting is testing specific areas that were previously found to have issues.

• Regression testing ensures that new code changes do not affect existing functionality

• Retesting focuses on verifying that specific defects have been fixed

• Regression testing is usually automated to save time and effort

• Retesting is often done manually to ensure the specific issue is resolved

• Example: After fixing a bug in the logi...read more

Assign persons in a project and calculate mandays

• Identify the skills and expertise required for the project

• Assess the availability and workload of team members

• Estimate the time required for each task and overall project

• Consider any dependencies or constraints that may affect the timeline

• Use project management tools or software to track progress and allocate resources

• Regularly review and adjust the project plan as needed

I create budgets by analyzing project requirements, estimating costs, and considering potential risks.

• Identify project requirements and scope

• Estimate costs for resources, equipment, and labor

• Consider potential risks and include contingency funds in the budget

• Use historical data and industry benchmarks for cost estimation

• Regularly review and adjust the budget as needed

The testing industry is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing demand for quality assurance in software development.

• Increased adoption of Agile and DevOps methodologies has led to more frequent testing cycles

• Rapid advancements in technology require continuous testing to ensure compatibility and security

• Growing emphasis on user experience has increased the need for thorough testing of applications

• Expansion of IoT and mobile technologies has created new opportuni...read more

Agile model is a software development approach where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing cross-functional teams.

• Iterative and incremental development

• Customer involvement and feedback

• Adaptive planning and flexibility

• Cross-functional teams working in short cycles called sprints

• Continuous integration and testing

Middlewares in Node.js are functions that have access to the request and response objects, and can modify them or perform additional tasks before passing them to the next middleware in the chain.

• Middlewares are functions that have access to the request and response objects.

• They can modify the request and response objects, perform additional tasks, or end the request-response cycle.

• Middlewares are added to the application using the 'app.use()' method in Express.js.

• Common use c...read more

Middleware in Node.js is a function that has access to the request and response objects, and the next middleware function in the application's request-response cycle.

• Create a function that takes three parameters: request, response, and next.

• Inside the function, you can perform operations on the request and response objects.

• Call the next function to pass control to the next middleware in the stack.

Join is a SQL operation used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Join is used to retrieve data from multiple tables in a single query.

• There are different types of joins such as inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join.

• The join condition is specified using the ON keyword followed by the columns to join on.

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;

Defect tracking is the process of identifying, reporting, and managing defects in software.

• Defect tracking involves recording and tracking defects found during testing.

• Defects are typically logged in a defect tracking tool or system.

• Defect tracking helps ensure that defects are addressed and resolved before software is released.

• Defect tracking also provides valuable data for improving software quality.

• Examples of defect tracking tools include JIRA, Bugzilla, and HP Quality Ce...read more

Smoke testing is a subset of sanity testing. Smoke testing is done to check if the critical functionalities of the software are working fine after a build, while sanity testing is done to check if the newly added functionalities are working fine.

• Smoke testing is a subset of sanity testing

• Smoke testing is done to check critical functionalities after a build

• Sanity testing is done to check newly added functionalities

• Example: After a new build, smoke testing is done to check if l...read more

Access modifiers in Java are keywords that determine the accessibility of a class, method, or variable.

• There are four access modifiers in Java: public, private, protected, and default

• Public: accessible from anywhere in the program

• Private: accessible only within the same class

• Protected: accessible within the same class and its subclasses

• Default: accessible within the same package

• Access modifiers are used to enforce encapsulation and prevent unauthorized access to data

Inheritance is a concept in object-oriented programming where a class can inherit attributes and methods from another class.

• Allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class

• Promotes code reusability and reduces redundancy

• Creates a parent-child relationship between classes

• Derived class can access public and protected members of the base class

• Types of inheritance include single, multiple, multilevel, and hierarchical

RTM stands for Requirement Traceability Matrix. It is prepared to ensure all requirements are covered by test cases.

• RTM is a document that maps and traces user requirements to test cases.

• It helps in ensuring that all requirements are covered by test cases.

• RTM also helps in tracking the progress of testing and identifying any gaps in test coverage.

• It serves as a reference for understanding the relationship between requirements and test cases.

• Example: If a requirement states 'U...read more

Java interface is a blueprint of a class that defines the methods a class must implement. It is used for achieving abstraction and multiple inheritance.

• Java interface contains only method signatures, no method bodies.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces.

• Interfaces are used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance in Java.

• Example: interface Shape { void draw(); }

• Example: class Circle implements Shape { public void draw() { // draw circle } }

Performance testing is a type of software testing that evaluates the speed, responsiveness, and stability of a system under a specific workload.

• Measures the system's response time under various load levels

• Identifies performance bottlenecks and areas for improvement

• Helps ensure the system can handle expected user traffic

• Examples: Load testing, stress testing, spike testing

Program to merge 2 arraylist of strings.

• Create a new arraylist

• Add elements of both arraylists to the new arraylist

• Return the new arraylist

Black box testing is a software testing method where the internal structure or code of the application is not known to the tester.

• Tester focuses on the functionality of the software without knowing its internal workings

• Tests are based on requirements and specifications

• Input data is provided and output is compared with expected results

• Examples: equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis

OOPs concept is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data in the form of fields and code in the form of procedures.

• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit

• Inheritance: ability of a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class

• Polymorphism: ability to present the same interface for different data types

STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle, which is a process followed by software testers to ensure quality software.

• STLC involves planning, designing, executing, and reporting of tests.

• It includes various stages such as requirement analysis, test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• The main objective of STLC is to ensure that the software meets the specified requirements and is of high quality.

• STLC helps in identifying defects early in the software dev...read more

Types of waits include implicit, explicit, and fluent. Fluent wait is a dynamic wait that polls the DOM for a certain condition.

• Implicit wait: waits for a certain amount of time before throwing an exception if an element is not found

• Explicit wait: waits for a certain condition to occur before proceeding with the next step

• Fluent wait: waits for a certain condition to occur with a dynamic polling interval

• Example of fluent wait: WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)...read more

An interface is a contract between two systems that defines the methods and properties that one system can use from the other.

• Interfaces define a set of methods and properties that a class must implement.

• Interfaces provide a way to achieve polymorphism in object-oriented programming.

• Interfaces are used to define the behavior of a system without specifying how it is implemented.

• Interfaces can be used to create loosely coupled systems that are easier to maintain and extend.

• Exam...read more

Overloading is when a method has the same name but different parameters. Overriding is when a subclass has a method with the same name and parameters as its superclass.

• Overloading is used to provide different implementations of the same method based on the number or type of parameters.

• Overriding is used to provide a new implementation of a method in a subclass that has the same name and parameters as a method in its superclass.

• Example of overloading: public void print(int num...read more

Test scenarios for login functionality

• Verify valid username and password login successfully

• Verify error message displayed for invalid username or password

• Verify user is redirected to forgot password page when clicking on forgot password link

STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) consists of various phases to ensure quality software delivery.

• 1. Requirement Analysis: Understand the project requirements.

• 2. Test Planning: Define test objectives, scope, and strategy.

• 3. Test Design: Create test cases and test data.

• 4. Test Execution: Run test cases and report defects.

• 5. Defect Tracking: Log and track defects until resolution.

• 6. Test Closure: Evaluate test results and prepare test closure report.

Load testing is a type of performance testing that simulates real-world usage to evaluate system behavior under specific load conditions.

• Load testing helps identify the maximum operating capacity of an application.

• It helps in determining whether the current infrastructure is sufficient to handle expected user loads.

• Common tools used for load testing include JMeter, LoadRunner, and Gatling.

• Examples of load testing scenarios include simulating a large number of concurrent users...read more

Manual testing is the process of testing software manually without the use of automated tools.

• Manual testing involves executing test cases manually.

• It is a time-consuming process and requires human intervention.

• It is useful for testing user interface, usability, and exploratory testing.

• Manual testing can be done by both developers and testers.

• Examples of manual testing include smoke testing, regression testing, and acceptance testing.

Placing orders involves selecting the security, specifying the quantity and price, and choosing the order type.

• Choose the security you want to buy or sell

• Specify the quantity of shares you want to buy or sell

• Specify the price at which you want to buy or sell the security

• Choose the order type (market, limit, stop, etc.)

• Review and submit the order

Method of changing the implementation of a method in a subclass

• Allows a subclass to provide its own implementation of a method already defined in its superclass

• The method in the subclass must have the same name, return type, and parameters as the method in the superclass

• The method in the subclass must be declared with the 'override' keyword

• Example: public class Animal { public void makeSound() { System.out.println('Animal sound'); } } public class Dog extends Animal { @Overri...read more

In my last project, my Key Result Area (KRA) was to increase user engagement on the company's website by 20% within 6 months.

• Analyzed user behavior on the website to identify areas for improvement

• Implemented personalized recommendations based on user preferences

• Launched targeted marketing campaigns to drive traffic to the website

• Collaborated with the design team to enhance user experience