Altimetrik Interview Questions and Answers

MVC URL routing allows for custom URL definitions in ASP.NET

• MVC URL routing maps URLs to controller actions

• Normal URL definition uses query strings to pass parameters

• MVC URL routing is more SEO-friendly

• MVC URL routing can be configured in RouteConfig.cs file

• Example: /products/category/electronics maps to ProductsController's Category action with 'electronics' parameter

MVC separates concerns, promotes code reusability, and enhances testability.

• MVC separates the application into Model, View, and Controller components.

• Model represents the data and business logic.

• View represents the user interface.

• Controller handles user input and updates the model and view accordingly.

• MVC promotes code reusability by separating concerns.

• MVC enhances testability by allowing for easier unit testing of in...read more

AoT (Ahead of Time) is a compilation technique used in Microsoft Azure to improve application performance.

• AoT compiles code before it is executed, resulting in faster startup times and reduced memory usage.

• It is commonly used in Azure Functions and Azure Web Apps.

• AoT can also improve security by detecting potential vulnerabilities during compilation.

• It is different from Just-in-Time (JIT) compilation, which compiles co...read more

ASP.NET page life cycle and events in it and how page will be rendered.

• Page life cycle includes events like Init, Load, PreRender, and Unload.

• During Init, controls are initialized and their properties are set.

• During Load, controls are loaded with data and their events are fired.

• During PreRender, the page is prepared for rendering.

• During Unload, resources are released.

• Page is rendered using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

• Ren...read more

Postback events are server-side events triggered by user actions on a web page.

• Postback events occur when a user interacts with a web page and the page sends a request back to the server for processing.

• Examples of postback events include clicking a button, selecting an item from a dropdown list, or submitting a form.

• Postback events can be used to update the page content without requiring a full page refresh.

• ASP.NET is ...read more

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system.

• There are three types of authentication: something you know (passwords, PINs), something you have (smart cards, tokens), and something you are (biometrics).

• Two-factor authentication combines two of these types for added security.

• Authentication protocols include OAuth, OpenID Connect, and SAML.

• Authentication can also be classified as single-fact...read more

Late binding or dynamic binding is a technique in which the method call is resolved at runtime rather than compile time.

• In late binding, the type of the object is determined at runtime.

• It allows for more flexibility in code as it can handle different types of objects.

• Dynamic keyword is used for late binding in C#.

• Example: using reflection to invoke a method on an object whose type is not known until runtime.

ASP.Net cache is a feature that stores frequently accessed data in memory to improve application performance.

• ASP.Net cache is available in two types: in-memory cache and distributed cache.

• In-memory cache stores data in the memory of the web server.

• Distributed cache stores data in a separate cache server that can be accessed by multiple web servers.

• ASP.Net cache can be used to store data such as database query results, ...read more

State management in ASP.Net refers to the process of storing and retrieving data between HTTP requests.

• ASP.Net provides various techniques for state management such as ViewState, Session, Application, and Cache.

• ViewState is used to store page-specific data, Session is used to store user-specific data, Application is used to store application-level data, and Cache is used to store frequently accessed data.

• State manageme...read more

Handled conflicts in code merging and resource allocation.

• Used version control systems like Git to manage code merging conflicts.

• Communicated with team members to resolve resource allocation conflicts.

• Prioritized tasks and resources based on project requirements.

• Implemented agile methodologies to minimize conflicts and improve collaboration.

• Documented conflict resolution processes for future reference.

Subjects are multicast observables that can emit values, while observers are consumers that react to those emitted values.

• A Subject can emit values to multiple subscribers, while an Observer receives values from a Subject.

• Example of Subject: const subject = new Subject(); subject.next('Hello');

• Example of Observer: const observer = { next: (value) => console.log(value); }; subject.subscribe(observer);

• Subjects can act...read more

Components are self-contained UI elements, while directives are used to extend HTML behavior.

• Components are a complete UI element with a template, styles, and logic (e.g., <app-header>).

• Directives are used to manipulate the DOM or enhance existing elements (e.g., ngIf, ngFor).

• Components can have their own view and encapsulated styles, while directives do not have their own view.

• Components are typically used for b...read more

Angular guards are interfaces that control access to routes in an Angular application.

• Types of guards: CanActivate, CanActivateChild, CanDeactivate, Resolve, and CanLoad.

• CanActivate: Determines if a route can be activated. Example: Checking user authentication.

• CanDeactivate: Checks if a user can leave a route. Example: Unsaved changes warning.

• Resolve: Pre-fetches data before activating a route. Example: Fetching user d...read more

Template-driven forms in Angular use HTML templates to manage form inputs and validation, simplifying form handling.

• Built using Angular's directives like ngModel for two-way data binding.

• Forms are defined in the template, making them easy to read and maintain.

• Validation is handled using Angular's built-in validators, such as required or minlength.

• Example: <input [(ngModel)]='user.name' required /> binds the input...read more

ChangeDetectionStrategy in Angular determines how the framework checks for changes in component data.

• Angular provides two strategies: Default and OnPush.

• Default strategy checks all components in the component tree for changes.

• OnPush strategy only checks the component when its input properties change or an event occurs.

• Using OnPush can improve performance by reducing the number of checks.

• Example: @Component({ changeDete...read more

Asynchronous behavior in JavaScript allows non-blocking operations, enhancing performance and user experience.

• 1. Callbacks: Functions passed as arguments to handle asynchronous results. Example: setTimeout(() => console.log('Done!'), 1000);

• 2. Promises: Objects representing eventual completion (or failure) of an asynchronous operation. Example: const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { /* ... */ });

• 3. Asy...read more

var, let, and const are used for variable declaration in JavaScript, differing in scope, hoisting, and mutability.

• var is function-scoped or globally scoped, while let and const are block-scoped.

• let allows variable reassignment, whereas const does not allow reassignment after initial assignment.

• var is hoisted, meaning it can be used before its declaration, while let and const are not hoisted in the same way.

• Example: var...read more

HTML5 introduced new semantic elements to enhance the structure and meaning of web content.

• header: Represents introductory content or navigational links. Example: <header><h1>Site Title</h1></header>

• footer: Defines footer for a section or page. Example: <footer><p>© 2023 Company Name</p></footer>

• article: Represents a self-contained composition. Example: <article><...read more

The doctype declaration informs the browser about the HTML version being used, ensuring proper rendering of the document.

• Defines the document type and version of HTML (e.g., <!DOCTYPE html> for HTML5).

• Helps browsers render the page correctly by switching to standards mode.

• Prevents browsers from entering quirks mode, which can lead to inconsistent rendering.

• Affects how CSS and JavaScript are interpreted by the bro...read more

Flexbox is for one-dimensional layouts, while Grid is for two-dimensional layouts in CSS.

• Flexbox is designed for layout in a single direction (row or column). Example: Aligning items in a navbar.

• Grid allows for layout in both rows and columns simultaneously. Example: Creating a complex web page layout.

• Flexbox is great for distributing space within a container. Example: Equal spacing between buttons.

• Grid is better for c...read more

I have successfully identified and resolved various performance issues in my previous projects, enhancing system efficiency.

• Optimized database queries, reducing response time by 40% in a web application.

• Implemented caching strategies that improved load times for frequently accessed data.

• Refactored code to eliminate bottlenecks, resulting in a smoother user experience.

• Conducted performance testing and monitoring, leadin...read more

Securing microservices involves implementing best practices like authentication, encryption, and network security to protect data and services.

• Implement strong authentication mechanisms (e.g., OAuth2, JWT) to ensure only authorized users can access services.

• Use HTTPS for all communications to encrypt data in transit and prevent eavesdropping.

• Employ API gateways to manage traffic, enforce security policies, and provide ...read more

A system for searching products and placing orders efficiently with user-friendly interfaces and robust backend architecture.

• User Interface: Design a clean UI for product search with filters (e.g., category, price range).

• Search Functionality: Implement a search algorithm (e.g., Elasticsearch) for fast and relevant results.

• Product Details: Each product should have a detailed page with images, descriptions, and reviews.

• S...read more

A negative product quantity indicates a logical error, typically requiring a 400 Bad Request response.

• HTTP 400 Bad Request: Indicates the server cannot process the request due to client error.

• Example: If a user tries to purchase a product with a negative quantity, the server should respond with 400.

• This status code informs the client that their request is invalid and needs correction.

Designing an API that processes XML requests and returns JSON responses involves several key steps and considerations.

• Define API endpoints and methods (e.g., GET, POST).

• Implement XML parsing to handle incoming requests.

• Convert parsed XML data into a suitable internal data structure.

• Process the request and generate the appropriate response.

• Convert the response data into JSON format.

• Set appropriate HTTP headers for conte...read more

Java 17 introduced several features like sealed classes, pattern matching, and enhanced switch statements that improve code efficiency.

• Sealed Classes: Allow control over which classes can extend them. Example: `sealed class Shape permits Circle, Square {}`.

• Pattern Matching for instanceof: Simplifies type checks and casting. Example: `if (obj instanceof String s) { ... }`.

• Enhanced Switch Statements: Supports multiple ca...read more

Types of jobs in Kotlin coroutine include launch, async, withContext, and runBlocking.

• launch: starts a new coroutine without blocking the current thread

• async: starts a new coroutine and returns a Deferred object with a result

• withContext: switches the coroutine context within a coroutine

• runBlocking: blocks the current thread until the coroutine inside it is completed

Flow is a cold asynchronous data stream, Channel is a hot asynchronous data stream. StateFlow is a hot asynchronous data stream with a state, SharedFlow is a hot asynchronous data stream without a state.

• Flow is a cold asynchronous data stream that emits values one by one.

• Channel is a hot asynchronous data stream that can have multiple subscribers.

• StateFlow is a hot asynchronous data stream that retains the most recent ...read more

Flow lifecycle aware means using Kotlin Flow with lifecycle awareness in Android development.

• Flow lifecycle aware helps manage data streams in Android apps

• It ensures that data emissions are only observed when the lifecycle is in the appropriate state

• Example: Using Flow with LiveData to update UI components based on lifecycle events

Inline functions are functions that are expanded in place at the call site, while high-order functions are functions that can take other functions as parameters or return them.

• Inline functions are expanded in place at the call site to improve performance.

• High-order functions can take other functions as parameters or return them.

• Example of high-order function: map() function in Kotlin.