100+ Test Lead Interview Questions and Answers

Common exceptions in Selenium include ElementNotVisibleException, NoSuchElementException, TimeoutException, StaleElementReferenceException, and WebDriverException.

• ElementNotVisibleException occurs when an element is present in the DOM but not visible on the page

• NoSuchElementException occurs when an element cannot be found on the page

• TimeoutException occurs when a command takes too long to complete

• StaleElementReferenceException occurs when an element is no longer attached to t...read more

Design a test environment for integration test scenario

• Identify the components/modules to be integrated

• Set up a dedicated integration testing server

• Ensure the test environment mirrors the production environment

• Use virtualization tools like Docker for easy setup and teardown

• Implement continuous integration for automated testing

• Monitor and analyze test results for improvements

I handle OTP in my script by using a separate function to generate and validate OTPs.

• I use a random number generator to generate OTPs

• I store the OTP in a variable and use it in the script as needed

• I validate the OTP by comparing it with the user input

• I handle cases where the OTP is incorrect or expired

Static block is a block of code that is executed when a class is loaded into memory.

• Static block is declared using the 'static' keyword.

• It is executed only once when the class is loaded.

• It is used to initialize static variables or perform any other one-time initialization tasks.

• Example: static { System.out.println('Static block executed'); }

Creating a Page Object Model framework in Selenium for efficient test automation

• Create separate classes for each web page or component

• Define locators and methods for interacting with elements in each class

• Use inheritance to organize and reuse common methods and locators

• Implement a base class for setting up the WebDriver instance and common methods

• Use TestNG or JUnit for test execution and reporting

I have worked on various automation frameworks including keyword-driven, data-driven, and hybrid frameworks.

• Keyword-driven framework: Utilizes keywords to define test steps and actions

• Data-driven framework: Tests are driven by external data sources

• Hybrid framework: Combination of keyword-driven and data-driven approaches

• Example: Developed a keyword-driven framework using Selenium and Java

throws is a keyword used in method signature to indicate that the method can throw an exception, while throw is used to explicitly throw an exception.

• throws is used in method signature to declare the exceptions that can be thrown by the method

• throw is used to explicitly throw an exception

• throws is a keyword, while throw is a statement

• Example: public void method() throws IOException { //code }

• Example: throw new IOException();

Types of testing for mobile applications include functional testing, performance testing, security testing, usability testing, and compatibility testing.

• Functional testing ensures the app functions as expected

• Performance testing checks the app's speed and responsiveness

• Security testing identifies vulnerabilities and ensures data protection

• Usability testing evaluates user experience and interface design

• Compatibility testing ensures the app works on different devices and operat...read more

Some popular automation tools are Selenium, Appium, TestComplete, UFT, and Robot Framework.

• Selenium is a widely used open-source tool for web automation testing.

• Appium is used for mobile automation testing on both Android and iOS platforms.

• TestComplete is a commercial tool for desktop, web, and mobile automation testing.

• UFT (formerly known as QTP) is a commercial tool for functional and regression testing.

• Robot Framework is an open-source tool for acceptance testing and accep...read more

There are four main types of Performance Testing: Load Testing, Stress Testing, Endurance Testing, and Spike Testing.

• Load Testing: Testing the system under normal and peak load conditions to ensure it can handle expected user traffic.

• Stress Testing: Testing the system beyond its normal capacity to identify breaking points.

• Endurance Testing: Testing the system under sustained load to ensure it can handle prolonged use.

• Spike Testing: Testing the system's reaction to sudden spik...read more

User data can be fetched by querying databases, APIs, or using web scraping techniques.

• Querying databases using SQL statements

• Using APIs to retrieve user data from external sources

• Implementing web scraping techniques to extract data from websites

Overlay graph displays multiple graphs on top of each other, while correlate graph shows relationship between two variables.

• Overlay graph shows multiple graphs on the same axes, making it easier to compare them visually.

• Correlate graph shows the relationship between two variables, typically using a scatter plot to see if there is a correlation between them.

• Overlay graph is useful for comparing trends or patterns in multiple datasets, while correlate graph is useful for analyz...read more

Developed a hybrid framework using Selenium WebDriver, TestNG, and Apache POI in the previous project.

• Used Selenium WebDriver for browser automation

• Utilized TestNG for test case management and execution

• Integrated Apache POI for reading and writing Excel files

• Implemented data-driven testing using Excel sheets

Regression testing is done to ensure that changes made to the software do not affect the existing functionality. Retesting is done to ensure that defects found in earlier testing have been fixed.

• Regression testing is done after making changes to the software to ensure that the existing functionality is not affected.

• Retesting is done to ensure that defects found in earlier testing have been fixed.

• Regression testing is done on the entire application while retesting is done only...read more

A HashMap in Java is a part of the Java Collections Framework that stores key-value pairs for efficient data retrieval.

• Stores data in key-value pairs, allowing for quick access to values based on keys.

• Uses a hash function to compute an index into an array of buckets, from which the desired value can be found.

• Allows null values and one null key.

• Example: HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put('A', 1); map.get('A'); // returns 1

• Not synchronized, meaning it's not...read more

Final is a keyword used in Java to declare constants, finally is a block used in exception handling, and finalize is a method used for cleanup in Java.

• Final is a keyword used to declare constants in Java, such as final int x = 10;

• Finally is a block used in exception handling to ensure a piece of code is always executed, such as try { ... } finally { ... }

• Finalize is a method in Java used for cleanup operations before an object is garbage collected, such as protected void fina...read more

Yes, I know API automation.

• I have experience in automating API testing using tools like Postman, SoapUI, or RestAssured.

• I am familiar with writing test scripts in languages like Java or Python to automate API testing.

• I understand concepts like API endpoints, request methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), and response validation.

• I have worked on API automation frameworks and can design and execute API test suites efficiently.

• I can handle authentication mechanisms like OAuth or JWT ...read more

Comfortable placement location refers to the ideal environment for a test lead to work efficiently and effectively.

• Comfortable seating with proper back support

• A quiet and well-lit workspace

• Access to necessary tools and resources

• Minimal distractions to focus on testing tasks

• Collaborative work environment with team members

Test deliverables are key artifacts produced during the testing process, ensuring quality and tracking progress.

• Test Plan: A document outlining the testing strategy, scope, resources, and schedule.

• Test Cases: Detailed descriptions of test scenarios, including inputs, execution steps, and expected results.

• Test Scripts: Automated scripts used for executing test cases in a consistent manner.

• Test Summary Report: A report summarizing the testing activities, results, and any defect...read more

Roles and responsibilities refer to the tasks and duties assigned to an individual or a team in an organization.

• Roles define the position of an individual or a team in an organization.

• Responsibilities define the tasks and duties assigned to an individual or a team.

• Roles and responsibilities are interdependent and must be clearly defined to avoid confusion.

• Roles and responsibilities must be communicated clearly to all team members.

• Examples of roles and responsibilities include...read more

Various testing techniques like black box testing, white box testing, regression testing, etc. are followed while testing.

• Black box testing focuses on the functionality of the software without looking at the internal code.

• White box testing involves testing the internal code structure, paths, and branches.

• Regression testing ensures that new code changes do not adversely affect existing functionalities.

• Smoke testing is performed to check if the basic functionalities of the soft...read more

Different types of frameworks include data-driven, keyword-driven, hybrid, modular, and behavior-driven.

• Data-driven framework: test data is stored separately from the test script

• Keyword-driven framework: keywords are used to represent actions and objects

• Hybrid framework: combines two or more frameworks

• Modular framework: tests are divided into smaller, independent modules

• Behavior-driven framework: focuses on the behavior of the system from the end user's perspective

CICD stands for Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment. Jenkins is a popular automation tool used for CICD.

• CICD is a software development practice where code changes are automatically built, tested, and deployed frequently.

• Jenkins is an open-source automation server used to automate the non-human part of the software development process.

• Jenkins allows for continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment of software projects.

• Example: Developers comm...read more

My focus for my career is on continuous learning, growth, and improvement in the field of software testing.

• Continuous learning through certifications, workshops, and conferences

• Improving testing processes and methodologies within the team

• Growing into leadership roles within the testing domain

Workload modelling is the process of simulating the expected workload on a system to determine its performance under different conditions.

• It involves analyzing the patterns of usage and demand on a system

• It helps in identifying potential bottlenecks and optimizing resource allocation

• Examples include simulating the number of users accessing a website at peak hours or the volume of transactions processed by a banking system

Test cases for module X include positive and negative scenarios to ensure functionality and reliability.

• Verify that all input fields accept valid data

• Check for error messages when invalid data is entered

• Test for boundary conditions

• Validate data persistence after system restart

• Ensure proper error handling and logging

Notice period varies by company policy and can range from 15 days to 3 months.

• Notice period duration is typically specified in the employment contract.

• It can range from 15 days to 3 months depending on company policy.

• Some companies may require longer notice periods for senior positions.

• Employees are usually expected to work during the notice period or pay in lieu of notice.

• Notice period allows time for both the employer and employee to prepare for the transition.

Waits in test automation are used to synchronize test steps with the application's state.

• Fluent waits are used to define maximum wait time for a certain condition to be met before throwing an exception.

• Explicit waits are used to wait for a certain condition to be met before proceeding to the next step in the test script.

• Example: FluentWait wait = new FluentWait(driver).withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10)).pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(2)).ignoring(NoSuchElementException.clas...read more

User stories life cycle involves creation, prioritization, implementation, and acceptance.

• User stories are created by the product owner or business analyst.

• They are prioritized based on business value and effort required.

• The development team implements the user stories in iterations or sprints.

• The product owner or stakeholders accept the user stories when they meet the acceptance criteria.

• User stories may be refined or re-prioritized based on feedback or changing business nee...read more

Program to reverse a string using array of characters

• Create an array of characters from the input string

• Iterate through the array in reverse order and append each character to a new string

• Return the reversed string

Use Selenium code to take a screenshot

• Import the necessary Selenium libraries

• Create a WebDriver instance

• Use the getScreenshotAs method to take the screenshot

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle. It is a process followed to develop, test, and deliver high-quality software.

• SDLC is a systematic approach to software development.

• It consists of various phases like requirements gathering, design, coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

• Each phase has specific activities and deliverables.

• SDLC ensures that software is developed efficiently, meets user requirements, and is of high quality.

• Examples of SDLC models include Wat...read more

STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle. It is a process followed to ensure the quality of software.

• STLC is a systematic approach to testing software.

• It consists of various phases such as requirement analysis, test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• Each phase has specific activities and deliverables.

• STLC helps in identifying defects early in the software development life cycle.

• It ensures that the software meets the specified requirements and is of hi...read more

My academic scores were consistently high throughout my education.

• Received top grades in all subjects

• Consistently ranked in the top percentile of my class

• Graduated with honors

Agile methodology is an iterative approach to software development that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer feedback.

• Focuses on delivering small, incremental changes to software, allowing for frequent reassessment and adaptation.

• Encourages collaboration between cross-functional teams, including developers, testers, and stakeholders.

• Utilizes time-boxed iterations called sprints, typically lasting 1-4 weeks, to deliver functional software.

• Emphasizes customer inv...read more

The candidate should be able to discuss their current salary and their expected salary for the new role.

• Discuss current salary and benefits package

• Explain expected salary based on market research and experience

• Negotiate if necessary to reach a mutually beneficial agreement

High level of automation views refers to the belief that automation is the key to efficient and effective testing.

• Automation should be used to increase efficiency and reduce manual effort

• Automation should be used to increase test coverage and accuracy

• Automation should be used to reduce the time required for testing

• Automation should be used to increase the reliability of testing

• Automation should be used to increase the speed of feedback and reduce the time to market

Bug life cycle is the process of a bug from identification to resolution.

• Bug is identified by tester

• Bug is logged in bug tracking tool

• Bug is assigned to developer

• Developer fixes the bug

• Bug is retested by tester

• Bug is closed if fixed or reopened if not

Test automation framework is a set of guidelines, tools, and processes used to automate testing of software applications.

• Test automation framework helps in organizing test scripts, data, and reports.

• It provides reusable components for test automation such as libraries, functions, and utilities.

• Frameworks can be data-driven, keyword-driven, or hybrid depending on the project requirements.

• Popular test automation frameworks include Selenium, Appium, and Robot Framework.

Expected CTC is negotiable based on the job role, experience, and company policies.

• CTC depends on the job role and responsibilities

• Experience and skills of the candidate also play a crucial role in determining the CTC

• Company policies and budget also influence the CTC

• Negotiation is possible based on the candidate's expectations and the company's offer

• CTC can be discussed during the final stages of the interview process

Programs on Rest Assured framework

• Rest Assured is a Java library for testing RESTful APIs

• It provides a fluent API for making HTTP requests and validating responses

• Example: Sending a GET request and validating the response status code

Selenium is a powerful tool for automating web browsers and supports multiple programming languages.

• Selenium can automate web browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge.

• It supports multiple programming languages like Java, Python, C#, and Ruby.

• Selenium can handle various types of web elements like text boxes, buttons, drop-downs, and alerts.

• It can perform actions like clicking, typing, selecting, and scrolling on web pages.

• Selenium can also handle multiple windows, frame...read more

Throw is a keyword used to throw an exception in Java. Throws is used in method signature to declare the exceptions that can be thrown by the method.

• Throw is used to explicitly throw an exception in Java.

• Throws is used in method signature to declare the exceptions that can be thrown by the method.

• Throw is followed by an instance of the Exception class or one of its subclasses.

• Throws is followed by the name of the exception class or classes that the method can throw.

• Example: t...read more

CAN and UDS are communication protocols used in automotive industry for vehicle diagnostics and control.

• CAN (Controller Area Network) is a communication protocol used for high-speed communication between electronic control units in vehicles.

• UDS (Unified Diagnostic Services) is a diagnostic communication protocol used in automotive industry for vehicle diagnostics.

• CAN is used for real-time data transmission, while UDS is used for diagnostic services like reading and clearing f...read more

Bug life cycle is the process of identifying, reporting, fixing, and verifying software defects.

• Bug is identified by testers during testing phase

• Bug is reported to development team

• Development team fixes the bug

• Fixed bug is verified by testers

• Bug is closed if it is fixed or rejected if it is not a bug

HashMap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and allows fast retrieval of values based on their keys.

• HashMap is part of the Java Collections Framework.

• It uses hashing to store and retrieve elements.

• Keys must be unique and values can be duplicated.

• Example: HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();

• map.put("John", 25);

• int age = map.get("John"); // age = 25

Selenium provides different types of waits to handle synchronization issues in web applications.

• Implicit Wait: Waits for a certain amount of time before throwing an exception if the element is not found.

• Explicit Wait: Waits for a certain condition to occur before proceeding further in the code.

• Fluent Wait: Waits for a certain condition to occur with a defined polling interval and maximum wait time.

• Thread.sleep(): Halts the execution of the test for a specified amount of time.