400+ System Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Different languages used in DBMS include SQL, PL/SQL, T-SQL, and NoSQL.

• SQL (Structured Query Language) is the standard language for relational database management systems.

• PL/SQL (Procedural Language/SQL) is Oracle Corporation's procedural extension for SQL.

• T-SQL (Transact-SQL) is Microsoft's proprietary extension to SQL.

• NoSQL encompasses a wide range of database technologies that can store unstructured, semi-structured, or structured data.

Modeling an upsetting operation involves understanding process parameters and their relationships.

• Upsetting is a metal forming process that involves compressing a metal workpiece to reduce its length and increase its diameter.

• Process parameters include temperature, pressure, and deformation rate.

• Temperature affects the material's flow stress and ductility, while pressure and deformation rate affect the material's strain hardening behavior.

• The relationship between these parame...read more

A turbine is a mechanical device that converts the energy from a fluid flow into useful work.

• Turbines are commonly used in power generation, aviation, and marine applications.

• They consist of several key parts including the rotor, stator, blades, and shaft.

• The rotor is the rotating part of the turbine, while the stator is the stationary part.

• Blades are attached to the rotor and are designed to capture the energy of the fluid flow.

• The shaft connects the rotor to the external lo...read more

Protocols are a set of rules that govern the communication between devices or systems.

• Protocols define the format, timing, sequencing, and error checking of messages exchanged between devices.

• Different types of protocols include network protocols (TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP), communication protocols (RS-232, USB, Bluetooth), and application protocols (SMTP, POP3, IMAP).

• Network protocols govern the communication between devices on a network, while communication protocols govern the com...read more

DELETE removes specific rows from a table, while TRUNCATE removes all rows from a table.

• DELETE is a DML command, while TRUNCATE is a DDL command.

• DELETE can be rolled back, while TRUNCATE cannot be rolled back.

• DELETE triggers the delete trigger for each row, while TRUNCATE does not trigger any delete triggers.

• DELETE is slower as it maintains logs, while TRUNCATE is faster as it does not maintain logs.

• Example: DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition; TRUNCATE table_name;

DDL is used to define the structure of database objects, while DML is used to manipulate data within those objects.

• DDL includes commands like CREATE, ALTER, DROP to define database objects like tables, indexes, etc.

• DML includes commands like INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE to manipulate data within tables.

• Example of DDL: CREATE TABLE employees (id INT, name VARCHAR(50));

• Example of DML: INSERT INTO employees VALUES (1, 'John Doe');

Permutations of a string with fixed characters.

• For 1st character fixed: Generate permutations for the remaining characters.

• For 1st and 2nd characters fixed: Generate permutations for the remaining characters.

• For 1st, 2nd, and 3rd characters fixed: Generate permutations for the remaining characters.

Java is a popular programming language known for its platform independence, object-oriented approach, and robustness.

• Java is platform independent, meaning it can run on any platform that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

• It is object-oriented, allowing for modular and reusable code.

• Java is known for its robustness and reliability, with features like automatic memory management and exception handling.

• Java has a rich set of APIs and libraries, making it versatile for various app...read more

The Diamond Problem in C++ occurs when a class inherits from two classes that have a common base class, leading to ambiguity in method resolution.

• Diamond Problem arises in multiple inheritance in C++ when a class inherits from two classes that have a common base class.

• Ambiguity occurs when the derived class tries to access a method or attribute from the common base class.

• To resolve the Diamond Problem, virtual inheritance can be used to ensure that only one instance of the co...read more

Call by Value passes a copy of the actual parameter, while Call by Reference passes the address of the actual parameter.

• Call by Value: Changes made to the formal parameter inside the function do not affect the actual parameter.

• Call by Reference: Changes made to the formal parameter inside the function affect the actual parameter.

• Example: void swap(int a, int b) vs void swap(int &a, int &b)

Types of inheritance in OOP include single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical, hybrid, and multipath inheritance.

• Single inheritance: A class inherits from only one base class.

• Multiple inheritance: A class inherits from more than one base class.

• Multilevel inheritance: A class inherits from a class which in turn inherits from another class.

• Hierarchical inheritance: Multiple classes inherit from a single base class.

• Hybrid inheritance: Combination of multiple and multilevel inhe...read more

Yes, I am comfortable with programming and algorithm development.

• I have experience in programming languages such as Python, Java, and C++.

• I have developed algorithms for various projects in my previous roles.

• I am always willing to learn new programming languages and improve my skills.

• I understand the importance of engineering and IT working together to achieve project goals.

Experience certainty refers to the level of confidence and assurance gained through repeated exposure to a particular task or situation.

• Experience certainty is achieved through repetition and familiarity.

• It allows individuals to perform tasks with greater ease and efficiency.

• For example, a pilot who has flown the same route multiple times will have a higher level of experience certainty compared to a pilot who is flying the route for the first time.

• Experience certainty can al...read more

A normal function is called directly in the code, while a stored procedure is invoked using a database query.

• Normal function calling is done within the program code, while stored procedure invocation is done through a database query.

• Normal functions are defined and called within the same programming language, while stored procedures are defined and invoked within a database management system.

• Normal function calling is synchronous, while stored procedure invocation can be asyn...read more

The smallest real-time project in Java could be a simple chat application, while the biggest could be a complex financial trading system.

• Smallest real-time project in Java: Chat application

• Biggest real-time project in Java: Financial trading system

• Big Data refers to large and complex data sets that cannot be easily processed using traditional data processing applications.

• For performing actions on 2 billion entries, technologies like Hadoop, Spark, and languages like Java or S...read more

C++ has three types of loops: for, while, and do-while.

• For loop is used when the number of iterations is known beforehand.

• While loop is used when the number of iterations is not known beforehand.

• Do-while loop is similar to while loop, but it executes at least once before checking the condition.

A machine is a device that performs a specific task using power and mechanisms.

• Machines can be simple or complex, ranging from a simple lever to a complex computer.

• Machines use energy to perform work, such as lifting, moving, or transforming materials.

• Examples of machines include cars, airplanes, washing machines, and robots.

• Machines can be classified into six types: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and screw.

Middleware in web development acts as a bridge between different components of a software application, allowing them to communicate and interact with each other.

• Middleware is software that connects different software applications or components.

• It helps in handling communication between different systems or components.

• Middleware can provide services such as authentication, logging, and caching.

• Examples of middleware include Express.js in Node.js applications and Django middlew...read more

Basic gating logic includes And, Or, Nand, and Nor gates. Nand gate can be built using other gates.

• And gate outputs true only when all inputs are true.

• Or gate outputs true when at least one input is true.

• Nand gate outputs the negation of the And gate.

• Nor gate outputs the negation of the Or gate.

• Nand gate can be built by combining an And gate followed by a Not gate.

I am passionate about technology and have always been interested in IT. I believe my skills and experience can be better utilized in the IT industry.

• I have always had a strong interest in technology and IT

• I enjoy problem-solving and working with computers

• I believe my skills and experience align well with the demands of the IT industry

DELETE removes specific rows from a table, while TRUNCATE removes all rows and resets auto-increment values.

• DELETE is a DML command, while TRUNCATE is a DDL command.

• DELETE can be rolled back, while TRUNCATE cannot be rolled back.

• DELETE triggers ON DELETE triggers, while TRUNCATE does not trigger any triggers.

• DELETE is slower as it maintains logs, while TRUNCATE is faster as it does not maintain logs.

Stored procedures offer advantages such as improved performance, security, and code reusability.

• Stored procedures can reduce network traffic by executing multiple SQL statements at once.

• They can also improve performance by pre-compiling SQL statements.

• Stored procedures can enhance security by allowing access to only specific procedures rather than entire tables.

• They promote code reusability by allowing multiple applications to use the same stored procedure.

• Examples include pr...read more

File System in C++ is used for managing files and directories, providing functions for file input/output operations.

• C++ provides the library for file input/output operations.

• File streams can be used to read from and write to files.

• Common file operations include opening, closing, reading, and writing files.

• File streams can handle different file types such as text files and binary files.

• File system functions like file existence check, file deletion, and file renaming are avail...read more

A thread is a lightweight unit of execution within a process, while a process is an instance of a program in execution.

• A process has its own memory space, while threads share the same memory space within a process.

• Processes are independent and isolated from each other, while threads share resources and can communicate with each other more easily.

• Creating a new process is more resource-intensive than creating a new thread.

• Threads are scheduled by the operating system, while pr...read more

PHP was chosen for its versatility, large community support, and ease of use.

• PHP is a widely used scripting language with a large community of developers and extensive documentation.

• It is known for its versatility and ability to integrate with various databases and web servers.

• PHP is also relatively easy to learn and has a low learning curve compared to other languages like JSP.

• While JSP may be considered more secure, PHP can still be used to build secure applications with pr...read more

Call by reference passes the memory address of a variable, while call by value passes a copy of the variable's value.

• Call by reference allows the function to modify the original variable

• Call by value does not affect the original variable

• Example: int x = 5; function(x); //call by reference modifies x

• Example: int y = 10; function(y); //call by value does not modify y

I primarily use Python for programming.

• Python is versatile and easy to read, making it great for system engineering tasks.

• I also have experience with languages like Java, C++, and Bash scripting.

• Python's extensive libraries and frameworks make it ideal for automation and scripting tasks.