40+ Senior Consultant Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Explaining Microservices architecture, communication, transactions, annotations, authentication, and API validation.

• Our project follows a Microservices architecture where each service is independently deployable and scalable.

• Services communicate with each other using RESTful APIs and message brokers like Kafka.

• We use distributed transactions and compensating transactions to manage transactions and handle failure scenarios.

• Some of the Spring Boot Microservices annotations we u...read more

Javascript is a single-threaded language, but it can handle asynchronous operations through callbacks and promises.

• Javascript is single-threaded, meaning it can only execute one task at a time.

• However, it can handle asynchronous operations by using callbacks, promises, and async/await.

• Backend calls in Javascript are typically made using asynchronous functions, allowing the program to continue executing other tasks while waiting for the response.

• For example, when making an HTT...read more

useEffect Hook is a built-in hook in React that allows you to perform side effects in functional components.

• useEffect Hook is used to handle side effects in functional components, such as fetching data, subscribing to events, or manipulating the DOM.

• It takes two arguments: a function that represents the side effect, and an optional dependency array.

• The function passed to useEffect will be executed after every render, unless the dependency array is provided.

• The dependency arra...read more

React has three main lifecycle methods: Mounting, Updating, and Unmounting.

• Mounting: These methods are called when an instance of a component is being created and inserted into the DOM.

• Updating: These methods are called when a component is being re-rendered as a result of changes to either its props or state.

• Unmounting: This method is called when a component is being removed from the DOM.

npm is the most popular package manager for Node.js and JavaScript.

• npm (Node Package Manager) is the default package manager for Node.js and JavaScript.

• Yarn is an alternative package manager that offers faster and more reliable dependency management.

• pnpm is another package manager that uses a unique approach of hard-linking dependencies to save disk space.

• Bower is a package manager specifically designed for front-end web development.

• NPM Enterprise is a paid package manager wi...read more

I can provide technical expertise to optimize plant operations and support business goals.

• Implementing new technologies to improve efficiency and reduce costs

• Troubleshooting technical issues to minimize downtime

• Training plant staff on new equipment and processes

• Collaborating with cross-functional teams to drive continuous improvement

• Analyzing data to identify areas for optimization and growth

To control incoming traffic via BGP, use route maps and prefix lists. Troubleshoot routing issues by checking BGP neighbor relationships and route advertisements.

• Create a prefix list to filter incoming routes based on their network address

• Create a route map to apply the prefix list and set policies for accepted routes

• Check BGP neighbor relationships to ensure they are established and functioning properly

• Check route advertisements to ensure they are being sent and received cor...read more

JavaScript can run on servers using server-side JavaScript platforms like Node.js.

• JavaScript can be executed on servers using server-side JavaScript platforms like Node.js.

• Node.js allows JavaScript to run on the server-side by providing a runtime environment.

• Server-side JavaScript enables developers to build scalable and high-performance web applications.

• Node.js uses the V8 JavaScript engine to execute JavaScript code on the server.

• Server-side JavaScript can handle tasks such...read more

I would improve Google Maps by enhancing its real-time traffic updates and integrating more public transportation options.

• Improve real-time traffic updates to provide more accurate and timely information to users

• Integrate more public transportation options to provide users with more choices for getting around

• Enhance the user interface to make it more intuitive and user-friendly

• Add more detailed information about points of interest, such as reviews and ratings

• Improve the accur...read more

STO Process involves the creation, approval, and execution of stock transport orders to transfer goods between different plant locations within a company.

• STO Process starts with the creation of a stock transport order in the SAP system, specifying the sending and receiving plant locations, material, and quantity.

• The stock transport order is then approved by the relevant stakeholders, such as purchasing and logistics departments.

• Once approved, the goods are physically transfer...read more

AEM architecture is based on OSGi framework and follows a modular approach.

• AEM uses Apache Sling framework for request processing and resource resolution.

• It has a content repository based on Apache Jackrabbit Oak.

• AEM also has a dispatcher module for caching and load balancing.

• It follows a component-based architecture where each component is a self-contained module.

• AEM also supports customization through templates, workflows, and APIs.

I prioritize tasks, set realistic deadlines, regularly track progress, and communicate effectively with team members to ensure timely completion.

• Prioritize tasks based on importance and urgency

• Set realistic deadlines taking into account potential delays

• Regularly track progress and adjust timelines as needed

• Communicate effectively with team members to ensure everyone is on the same page

• Use project management tools to help with time management

Put is used to create or update a resource, while patch is used to update a resource partially.

• Put is idempotent, meaning multiple identical requests will have the same effect as a single request

• Patch is not idempotent, as multiple identical requests may have different effects

• Put requires the client to send the entire updated resource, while patch only requires the client to send the specific changes

• Put is typically used to create a new resource or completely replace an exist...read more

Estimating story in Agile involves breaking down the story into smaller tasks and assigning story points based on complexity and effort.

• Break down the story into smaller tasks

• Assign story points based on complexity and effort

• Use a reference story to establish a baseline for estimation

• Involve the entire team in the estimation process

• Re-estimate stories as more information becomes available

OSI model is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system.

• OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection.

• It has 7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has a specific function and communicates with the adjacent layers.

• Example: Physical layer deals with the physical transmission of data, while the Application layer deals with user interface...read more

Automated payment program is a system that automatically processes payments to vendors based on predefined criteria.

• Automated payment programs streamline the payment process by eliminating manual intervention.

• Criteria for payment can include invoice amount, due date, vendor details, etc.

• Common examples of automated payment programs include SAP's Automatic Payment Program (APP) and Oracle's Payment Manager.

Cyber attacks can take many forms, but two common types are phishing and ransomware.

• Phishing involves tricking individuals into divulging sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card numbers, through fraudulent emails or websites.

• Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands payment in exchange for the decryption key.

• Other types of cyber attacks include DDoS attacks, malware, and social engineering.

• DDoS attacks involve overwhelming a we...read more

Pragma autonomous transaction is used in PL/SQL to create a subtransaction that is independent of the main transaction.

• Pragma autonomous transaction is used to create a subtransaction within a main transaction.

• The subtransaction operates independently of the main transaction and can commit or rollback changes without affecting the main transaction.

• It is commonly used to log information or perform auditing tasks without interfering with the main transaction.

• Example: PRAGMA AUT...read more

Ansible playbook creation and execution

• Ansible is a tool used for automation and configuration management

• Playbooks are written in YAML format and define tasks to be executed

• Execution of playbooks can be done using the 'ansible-playbook' command

• Playbooks can be used for various tasks such as server provisioning, application deployment, etc.

I am proficient in Java with experience in developing various applications.

• I have been working with Java for over 5 years

• I have developed multiple applications using Java, including a web-based inventory management system

• I am familiar with various Java frameworks such as Spring and Hibernate

• I keep myself updated with the latest Java technologies and trends

A cursor is a database object used to retrieve and manipulate data in a database management system.

• A cursor allows for sequential processing of query results one row at a time.

• It can be used to update or delete specific rows in a result set.

• Cursors are commonly used in stored procedures and triggers.

• Example: DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR FOR SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name;

Different launch modes of activity refer to various ways in which a project or product can be introduced to the market.

• Soft launch - releasing the product to a limited audience to gather feedback before full launch

• Grand launch - a large-scale event to create buzz and generate interest

• Online launch - introducing the product through digital channels such as social media and websites

• Stealth launch - quietly releasing the product without much fanfare to test market response

I have over 10 years of experience in the relevant sector, including project management and client relations.

• Managed multiple projects simultaneously

• Developed strong relationships with clients

• Implemented successful strategies to increase revenue

• Led a team of consultants to achieve project goals

Coroutines are a type of concurrency design pattern that allows for cooperative multitasking.

• Coroutines are similar to threads but are cooperatively multitasked by the programmer.

• They can pause and resume execution at specific points, allowing for efficient multitasking.

• Coroutines are commonly used in asynchronous programming to handle tasks like network requests or file I/O.

• Examples of languages that support coroutines include Python, Kotlin, and Lua.

Heap memory is a region of a computer's memory that is used for dynamic memory allocation.

• Heap memory is allocated at runtime and can be accessed randomly.

• It is used for storing objects and data structures that need to be dynamically allocated.

• Heap memory needs to be managed manually to prevent memory leaks.

• Examples include dynamic arrays, linked lists, and objects created with 'new' keyword.

Thread pool is a collection of worker threads that are managed by the system to efficiently execute tasks.

• Thread pool helps in reusing threads instead of creating new ones for each task, which improves performance and reduces overhead.

• It limits the number of concurrent threads to prevent resource exhaustion.

• Thread pool can be used in applications like web servers, database connections, and parallel processing.

• Example: Java's Executor framework provides a way to create and man...read more

A mutating error occurs when a program attempts to modify a value that is supposed to be immutable.

• Mutating errors commonly occur in programming languages that have immutable data structures, such as Swift or Rust.

• Attempting to change a constant value in Swift will result in a mutating error.

• In Rust, trying to modify a value that is borrowed immutably will lead to a mutating error.

Boiler closed loops are systems that recirculate water to maintain a constant temperature.

• Boiler closed loops are used in heating and cooling systems.

• They involve a pump that circulates water through a closed loop of pipes.

• The water is heated or cooled by the boiler or chiller and then returned to the loop.

• This maintains a constant temperature in the system.

• Examples include radiant heating systems and chilled water systems in commercial buildings.

CSRF stands for Cross-Site Request Forgery, a type of attack where a malicious website tricks a user into performing actions on another website.

• CSRF attacks exploit the trust that a site has in a user's browser, allowing an attacker to perform actions on behalf of the user without their consent.

• Prevent CSRF attacks by using tokens to validate requests, ensuring that actions can only be performed by the intended user.

• Example: An attacker sends a link to a user that, when click...read more

JWT token is a secure way to transmit information between parties as a JSON object.

• JWT stands for JSON Web Token

• It is a compact, URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties

• It consists of three parts: header, payload, and signature

• The header contains the type of token and the signing algorithm used

• The payload contains the claims or statements about the user and additional data

• The signature is used to verify the integrity of the token

• JWT tokens a...read more

Frontend technologies refer to the tools and languages used to create the user interface of a website or application.

• Frontend technologies include HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

• Frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js are commonly used for frontend development.

• Responsive design, accessibility, and performance optimization are key considerations in frontend development.

• Frontend developers work closely with designers and backend developers to create a seamless user experience.

ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high-level programming language created by SAP for developing business applications.

• ABAP is the primary programming language used in SAP for customizing and developing reports, interfaces, forms, and workflows.

• It is a 4th generation programming language that runs in the SAP ABAP runtime environment.

• ABAP programs are stored in the SAP database and are executed on the application server.

• ABAP code can be used to enhance stand...read more

Oops concepts refer to Object-Oriented Programming principles like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, and Abstraction.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of objects to take on multiple forms.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features.

A recently found vulnerability in a system

• The vulnerability was discovered during a security audit

• It allows unauthorized access to sensitive data

• The vulnerability can be exploited remotely

• A patch or fix should be implemented immediately

Output Management in SAP MM involves managing the printing and sending of documents related to materials management processes.

• Output Management in SAP MM includes configuring and customizing output types for various documents such as purchase orders, goods receipts, and invoices.

• It involves defining output determination procedures to determine the relevant output types and their conditions.

• Output Management also includes setting up communication methods like email, fax, or pr...read more

Pricing procedure in SAP MM is a configuration that determines the calculation of prices for materials and services.

• Pricing procedure is a set of condition types and access sequences

• It determines the sequence in which condition types are applied

• Condition types define the pricing elements such as discounts, surcharges, taxes, etc.

• Access sequences determine the source of condition records

• Pricing procedure can be customized to meet specific business requirements

Release Strategy in SAP MM is a process that determines the approval process for purchase requisitions and purchase orders.

• Release Strategy is used to ensure that the appropriate level of authorization is obtained before a purchase requisition or purchase order is processed.

• It involves defining release codes, release groups, and release indicators to determine the sequence and level of approvals.

• Release strategies can be based on various criteria such as the value of the purc...read more

Functions in programming are blocks of code that perform a specific task. They can be reusable and help in organizing code.

• Functions can be categorized as built-in functions or user-defined functions.

• Built-in functions are provided by the programming language and can be directly used.

• User-defined functions are created by the programmer to perform specific tasks.

• Functions can have parameters and return values.

• Examples of functions include Math.sqrt() in JavaScript and print() ...read more

Query using listagg function to concatenate values into a single string

• Use the listagg function followed by the column name and delimiter in parentheses

• Specify the order by clause if needed

• Can be used in SQL queries to display aggregated data