30+ Senior Cloud Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

When creating a VM, consider factors like resource allocation, network configuration, security measures, and monitoring.

• Resource allocation: Determine the required CPU, memory, and storage for the VM.

• Network configuration: Define the network settings, such as IP address, subnet, and DNS.

• Security measures: Implement appropriate security measures like firewalls, access controls, and encryption.

• Monitoring: Set up monitoring tools to track the VM's performance, availability, and ...read more

Cloud, subnet, ACL, DB ops task, server config and manage are all related to cloud computing infrastructure.

• Cloud refers to the delivery of computing services over the internet.

• Subnet is a smaller network within a larger network.

• ACL stands for Access Control List and is used to control network traffic.

• DB ops task refers to tasks related to managing databases in the cloud.

• Server config and manage involves configuring and managing servers in the cloud.

Helm2 is Tiller-based, Helm3 is Tiller-less. Helm3 has improved security, performance, and reliability.

• Helm2 relies on Tiller for managing releases, Helm3 removes Tiller completely.

• Helm3 has improved security by removing Tiller, reducing attack surface.

• Helm3 has better performance due to simplified architecture.

• Helm3 offers better reliability with features like library charts and improved release management.

Internet in the cloud enables access to web-based applications and services from anywhere in the world.

• Cloud-based applications can be accessed through a web browser or mobile app

• Internet connectivity is required to access cloud services

• Cloud providers offer global data centers to ensure low latency and high availability

• Examples include Google Drive, Dropbox, and Salesforce

Delta in cloud refers to the difference between two versions of a file or data.

• Delta is used to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transferred during updates or backups.

• It helps in saving bandwidth and storage space.

• For example, in cloud storage, only the changes made to a file are synced instead of the entire file.

• Delta compression is also used in cloud computing to optimize network traffic and reduce latency.

Protecting applications in the cloud involves implementing security measures such as encryption, access control, and monitoring.

• Implement encryption to protect data both at rest and in transit

• Use access control mechanisms to restrict unauthorized access to resources

• Implement network security measures such as firewalls and intrusion detection/prevention systems

• Regularly monitor and audit the application for any security vulnerabilities

• Implement disaster recovery and backup str...read more

Ansible is an open-source automation tool used for configuration management, application deployment, and task automation.

• Ansible is used for automating IT infrastructure tasks such as provisioning, configuration management, and application deployment.

• It uses YAML to describe automation jobs in the form of playbooks.

• Ansible does not require any agents to be installed on remote systems, making it easy to set up and use.

• It can be used to manage both on-premise and cloud environm...read more

Factory pattern creates objects without specifying the class type, while abstract factory pattern creates families of related objects without specifying their concrete classes.

• Factory pattern creates objects through a common interface, without exposing the instantiation logic to the client.

• Abstract factory pattern provides an interface to create families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes.

• Factory pattern is a single method call to create...read more

Django rest framework is a powerful and flexible toolkit for building Web APIs in Django.

• Django rest framework allows you to easily build RESTful APIs in Django by providing serializers, views, and authentication.

• It includes built-in support for pagination, filtering, and authentication.

• You can define API endpoints using class-based views and routers.

• Example: Creating a simple API endpoint for a model in Django using Django rest framework.

You can save on billing by optimizing resource usage, implementing cost management strategies, and leveraging discounts.

• Optimize resource usage by right-sizing instances and using auto-scaling

• Implement cost management strategies like setting budgets and monitoring usage

• Leverage discounts through reserved instances or spot instances

• Use cost allocation tags to track spending by project or team

CloudWatch is for monitoring and alerting, while CloudTrail is for logging and auditing AWS API calls.

• CloudWatch is used for monitoring AWS resources and applications in real-time.

• CloudTrail is used for logging AWS API calls for auditing and compliance purposes.

• CloudWatch can be used to set alarms and trigger actions based on metrics.

• CloudTrail provides a history of AWS API calls for security analysis, resource change tracking, and troubleshooting.

• Both services are essential ...read more

Yes, I am familiar with Kubernetes and have experience working with it in various projects.

• I have experience deploying and managing containerized applications using Kubernetes

• I am proficient in creating and managing Kubernetes clusters

• I have worked with Kubernetes resources such as Pods, Deployments, Services, and ConfigMaps

Sentinel is a policy as code framework that enables fine-grained, logic-based policy decisions.

• Sentinel is used in cloud infrastructure to enforce policies and automate compliance

• It allows developers to write policies in code and integrate them into their CI/CD pipelines

• Sentinel supports multiple cloud platforms including AWS, Azure, and GCP

• Examples of policies include enforcing resource naming conventions, restricting access to sensitive data, and enforcing security controls

Java concurrency refers to the ability of multiple threads to execute simultaneously in a Java program.

• Java concurrency allows for efficient utilization of resources by running multiple tasks concurrently.

• It involves concepts like threads, synchronization, locks, and atomic variables.

• Examples include using the 'synchronized' keyword to protect critical sections of code from concurrent access.

There are 7 layers in the OSI model.

• The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system.

• It is divided into 7 layers, each responsible for specific tasks and interactions between devices.

• The layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has its own protocols and functions, and they work together to ensure reliable and efficient communication.

• For...read more

Network devices are hardware devices that enable communication and data transfer between computers and other networked devices.

• Network devices include routers, switches, hubs, modems, and firewalls.

• Routers are responsible for directing network traffic between different networks.

• Switches connect multiple devices within a network and facilitate communication between them.

• Hubs are older devices that broadcast data to all connected devices.

• Modems enable communication between a co...read more

The ADD instruction copies files or directories from the host machine to the Docker image, while the CMD instruction specifies the default command to be executed when running a container.

• ADD can copy files and directories from the host machine to the Docker image

• CMD specifies the default command to be executed when running a container

• ADD can also download files from the internet and extract them

• CMD can be overridden by providing a command when running the container

Disk can be increased by adding more storage space to the existing disk or by adding additional disks.

• Increase the size of the existing disk by resizing the partition or volume

• Add more storage space to the existing disk by extending the volume

• Add additional disks to the system and configure them to increase overall disk space

Creating a VPC involves defining IP address ranges, subnets, route tables, and security groups.

• Define IP address ranges for the VPC

• Create subnets within the VPC

• Set up route tables to control traffic within the VPC

• Configure security groups to control inbound and outbound traffic

Exchange Online is a cloud-based email hosting service provided by Microsoft as part of Office 365.

• Part of Office 365 suite

• Hosted in the cloud

• Provides email hosting services

• Includes features like email, calendar, contacts, and tasks

• Allows access from anywhere with an internet connection

Vertical scaling involves increasing the resources of a single server, while horizontal scaling involves adding more servers to distribute the load.

• Vertical scaling increases the capacity of a single server by adding more resources such as CPU, RAM, or storage.

• Horizontal scaling involves adding more servers to distribute the load, allowing for better performance and redundancy.

• Vertical scaling is limited by the capacity of a single server, while horizontal scaling can be more...read more

A Dockerfile is a text file that contains instructions for building a Docker image for a Java application.

• Use a base image that includes Java, such as 'openjdk:8'

• Copy the application JAR file to the image using the 'COPY' instruction

• Set the working directory using the 'WORKDIR' instruction

• Specify the command to run the Java application using the 'CMD' instruction

Elastic IP is a static IPv4 address designed for dynamic cloud computing.

• Elastic IP is a static IP address that can be associated with an instance in a cloud environment.

• It allows users to mask the failure of an instance by rapidly remapping the address to another instance.

• Elastic IP addresses are free to use as long as they are associated with a running instance.

• They are commonly used in scenarios where users need a persistent public IP address for their cloud resources.

AWS and Kubernetes are popular cloud computing platforms with key concepts like EC2, S3, EKS, and Pods.

• AWS: Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) for scalable virtual servers

• AWS: Simple Storage Service (S3) for object storage

• Kubernetes: Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS) for managing containerized applications

• Kubernetes: Pods as the smallest deployable units in Kubernetes

Cloud services are online platforms that provide various computing resources and services over the internet.

• Cloud services offer scalable and flexible computing resources, such as virtual machines, storage, and databases.

• They enable organizations to reduce infrastructure costs and easily scale their applications.

• Examples of cloud services include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

IAAS is infrastructure provided as a service, while PAAS is platform provided as a service.

• IAAS provides virtualized computing resources like servers, storage, and networking.

• PAAS provides a platform for developing, running, and managing applications.

• IAAS offers more control and flexibility, while PAAS offers simplicity and ease of use.

• Examples of IAAS include Amazon EC2 and Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines.

• Examples of PAAS include Google App Engine and Heroku.

Patching of linux systems involves regularly updating software to fix vulnerabilities and improve security.

• Regularly check for updates using package managers like apt or yum

• Schedule downtime for patching to minimize impact on operations

• Test patches in a non-production environment before applying to critical systems

• Automate patching process using tools like Ansible or Puppet

• Monitor system health post-patching to ensure no issues arise

A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems.

• Data centers are used to store, manage, and process data for various purposes.

• They typically include servers, networking equipment, storage systems, and security devices.

• Data centers can be owned and operated by a company or rented from a third-party provider.

• Examples of data center providers include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, a...read more

Google Cloud Platform (GCP) is a suite of cloud computing services provided by Google.

• GCP offers services such as computing, storage, databases, machine learning, and networking.

• Some popular GCP products include Compute Engine, Cloud Storage, BigQuery, and Kubernetes Engine.

• GCP provides tools for monitoring, logging, and security to help manage cloud resources efficiently.

A Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on the command line to assemble an image.

• Start with a base image using the FROM keyword

• Use the RUN keyword to execute commands in the container

• Use the COPY keyword to add files from the host machine to the container

• Use the CMD keyword to specify the command to run when the container starts