100+ QA Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

FMEA stands for Failure Mode and Effects Analysis. It is a systematic approach to identify and prevent potential failures in a process or product.

• FMEA is used to identify potential failures in a process or product and their effects on the end user.

• It involves analyzing the likelihood of failure, severity of the consequences, and the ability to detect and prevent the failure.

• The rating is done by assigning a score to each failure mode based on its likelihood, severity, and det...read more

SQL is a programming language used to manage and manipulate relational databases.

• SQL stands for Structured Query Language

• It is used to create, modify, and query databases

• Commonly used in web development and data analysis

• Examples of SQL commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE

To test a login page, I would verify the functionality of the login form and the security of the login process.

• Verify that the login form accepts valid credentials and rejects invalid ones

• Check for proper error messages when incorrect credentials are entered

• Test the 'forgot password' functionality

• Ensure that the login process is secure by checking for HTTPS protocol and proper encryption

• Test for session management and logout functionality

Manual testing involves human testers executing test cases without automation tools, while automation testing uses scripts and tools.

• Manual Testing: Involves human testers executing test cases step-by-step.

• Types of Manual Testing: Includes exploratory testing, usability testing, and acceptance testing.

• Regression Testing: Ensures that new code changes do not adversely affect existing functionalities.

• Automation Testing: Uses tools and scripts to execute tests automatically, imp...read more

Automating dynamic location involves using relative locators and dynamic xpath to identify elements.

• Use relative locators to find elements based on their relationship to other elements

• Utilize dynamic xpath to locate elements that have changing attributes or values

• Implement wait strategies to handle dynamic loading of elements

Integration testing checks if individual modules work together, while acceptance testing checks if the system meets requirements.

• Integration testing verifies the interaction between different modules of the system.

• Acceptance testing checks if the system meets the requirements and specifications.

• Integration testing is done before acceptance testing.

• Integration testing is usually done by developers, while acceptance testing is done by end-users or clients.

• Integration testing ca...read more

OOPs is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code. Overriding is when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its parent class. Overloading is when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters.

• OOPs is a programming paradigm that uses objects to model real-world entities.

• Overriding occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already prov...read more

Test cases for ATM functionality

• Verify if the ATM machine is dispensing the correct amount of cash requested by the user

• Check if the ATM machine is accepting valid debit/credit cards and rejecting invalid ones

• Ensure that the ATM machine is displaying the correct balance after a transaction

• Test the ATM machine's ability to handle multiple transactions in a short period of time

The Collections framework in Java provides a set of classes and interfaces for storing and manipulating groups of objects.

• It includes interfaces like List, Set, and Map for different data structures.

• ArrayList is a resizable array implementation of the List interface.

• HashSet is an implementation of the Set interface that does not allow duplicate elements.

• HashMap is a key-value pair implementation of the Map interface, allowing efficient data retrieval.

Objects are instances of classes in object-oriented programming. Classes define the properties and behaviors of objects.

• An example of a class is 'Car', which defines properties like color, make, and model, and behaviors like drive and stop.

• An object of the class 'Car' could be 'myCar' with properties 'red', 'Toyota', 'Camry' and behaviors 'drive()' and 'stop()'.

I switched to QA because of my passion for ensuring quality in products and improving user experience.

• Passion for ensuring quality in products

• Interest in improving user experience

• Opportunity to work with diverse technologies and platforms

Cycloid tooth profiling is a type of gear tooth profile that uses a curve called a cycloid. Involute tooth profile is a type of gear tooth profile that uses an involute curve.

• Cycloid tooth profiling is used in high-speed and high-load applications.

• Involute tooth profile is the most commonly used tooth profile in gears.

• Cycloid tooth profile has a smoother meshing action compared to involute tooth profile.

• Involute tooth profile has a constant gear ratio throughout the meshing p...read more

Performance testing tools are software applications used to measure the speed, stability, and scalability of a system under various workloads.

• Performance testing tools simulate real-world scenarios to identify bottlenecks and optimize system performance.

• Examples of performance testing tools include JMeter, LoadRunner, Gatling, and Apache Bench.

• These tools can measure response time, throughput, resource utilization, and other performance metrics.

• Performance testing tools can h...read more

Inheritance is a concept in object-oriented programming where a class inherits attributes and methods from another class.

• Types of inheritance include single inheritance, where a class inherits from only one parent class

• Multiple inheritance, where a class inherits from more than one parent class

• Multilevel inheritance, where a class inherits from a derived class, which in turn inherits from another class

• Hierarchical inheritance, where multiple classes inherit from a single pare...read more

RCA, 8D & 5 Why are problem-solving methodologies used in quality assurance.

• RCA stands for Root Cause Analysis and is used to identify the underlying cause of a problem.

• 8D is an eight-step problem-solving process used to address complex issues.

• 5 Why is a technique used to determine the root cause of a problem by asking 'why' five times.

An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and is used as a base class for other classes.

• An abstract class can have abstract methods that must be implemented by its derived classes.

• It can also have non-abstract methods that can be inherited by its derived classes.

• An abstract class is declared using the 'abstract' keyword.

• An abstract class can have constructors, but they cannot be used to create objects of the abstract class.

• Example: abstract class Shape { public...read more

Bug life cycle is the process of identifying, reporting, fixing, and verifying software defects.

• Bug is identified by testers during testing

• Bug is reported to developers

• Developers fix the bug and mark it as resolved

• Testers verify the fix and mark the bug as closed

• Bug may be reopened if the issue reoccurs

• Bug data is tracked in a bug tracking system

Implementing robust handling for failed scenarios ensures reliability and aids in debugging within a QA framework.

• Use logging to capture detailed error messages and stack traces for failed tests.

• Implement retry logic for flaky tests to reduce false negatives. For example, retry a network call up to three times.

• Categorize failures into critical and non-critical to prioritize fixes. Critical failures halt the pipeline, while non-critical can be logged.

• Integrate notifications (e...read more

Abstract classes and interfaces are key concepts in Java for defining abstract types and enforcing contracts for classes.

• An abstract class can have both abstract methods (without implementation) and concrete methods (with implementation).

• An interface can only have abstract methods (prior to Java 8) and default methods (from Java 8 onwards).

• A class can extend only one abstract class but can implement multiple interfaces.

• Example of an abstract class: 'abstract class Animal { ab...read more

WHERE clause is used in SQL to filter records based on a specified condition.

• Used in SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE statements

• Filters records based on specified condition

• Can use logical operators like AND, OR

• Example: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name = 'value'

The main method in Java is the entry point for any Java application.

• Main method must be declared as public static void main(String[] args)

• It is the starting point for the execution of a Java program

• It is where the program begins its execution

Manual testing techniques are methods used to test software manually without the use of automation tools.

• Exploratory testing

• Ad-hoc testing

• Regression testing

• Usability testing

• Smoke testing

• Sanity testing

• Black box testing

• White box testing

• Boundary value analysis

• Equivalence partitioning

Lists allow duplicate elements and maintain insertion order, while sets do not allow duplicates and do not maintain order.

• Lists allow duplicate elements, sets do not

• Lists maintain insertion order, sets do not

• Lists are accessed by index, sets are accessed by value

Truncate removes all records from a table, while drop deletes the table itself.

• Truncate is a DDL command, while drop is a DDL command.

• Truncate is faster than drop as it does not log individual row deletions.

• Truncate can be rolled back, while drop cannot be rolled back.

• Truncate resets the identity seed of the table, while drop does not.

• Example: TRUNCATE TABLE TableName; DROP TABLE TableName;

Latent defect is a hidden flaw in a product that is not immediately apparent and can cause problems later.

• Latent defects are not visible during testing or inspection.

• They can cause problems after the product has been released to the market.

• Latent defects can be caused by design flaws, manufacturing errors, or other factors.

• Examples of latent defects include software bugs that only occur under certain conditions and structural weaknesses in buildings that are not apparent unti...read more

Static binding occurs at compile time, while dynamic binding happens at runtime in Java.

• Static binding is resolved during compile time, e.g., method overloading.

• Dynamic binding is resolved during runtime, e.g., method overriding.

• Static binding is faster as it doesn't involve runtime overhead.

• Dynamic binding allows for polymorphism, enabling flexible code behavior.

OOP concepts like encapsulation and inheritance enhance test automation frameworks for better maintainability and scalability.

• Encapsulation: Wrapping data and methods in classes. Example: A 'TestCase' class that contains test steps and results.

• Inheritance: Creating a base class for common functionalities. Example: 'BaseTest' class that other test classes extend.

• Polymorphism: Using a single interface for different data types. Example: A 'runTest()' method that behaves differen...read more

TestNG annotations are used to define test methods, configuration, and grouping in Java testing frameworks.

• @Test: Marks a method as a test method. Example: @Test public void testMethod() {}

• @BeforeSuite: Executed before all tests in the suite. Example: @BeforeSuite public void setupSuite() {}

• @AfterSuite: Executed after all tests in the suite. Example: @AfterSuite public void tearDownSuite() {}

• @BeforeTest: Executed before any test method in the test tag. Example: @BeforeTest pu...read more

Functional Testing focuses on testing the functionality of the software, while Regression Testing ensures that new changes do not affect existing functionality.

• Functional Testing verifies that the software functions as expected based on the requirements.

• Regression Testing ensures that new code changes do not negatively impact existing functionality.

• Functional Testing is typically done before Regression Testing in the software development lifecycle.

• Examples of Functional Testi...read more

Bug life cycle consists of several stages from identification to resolution.

• 1. Bug Identification - Bug is identified by testers during testing.

• 2. Bug Logging - Tester logs the bug in a bug tracking tool like Jira.

• 3. Bug Prioritization - Bugs are prioritized based on severity and impact.

• 4. Bug Assignment - Bug is assigned to a developer to fix.

• 5. Bug Fixing - Developer fixes the bug and marks it as resolved.

• 6. Bug Verification - Tester verifies the bug fix.

• 7. Bug Closure - Bu...read more

Verification ensures the product is built according to specifications, while validation ensures it meets the customer's needs.

• Verification checks if the product meets the specified requirements

• Validation checks if the product meets the customer's needs

• Verification is done before validation

• Verification is a process of evaluating documents, design, code, and program

• Validation is a process of evaluating the final product

• Example: Verification checks if the software has all the re...read more

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle and STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle.

• SDLC is a process followed by software development teams to design, develop, test, and deploy software.

• STLC is a process followed by software testing teams to plan, design, execute, and report on software testing.

• SDLC includes phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance.

• STLC includes phases like test planning, test design, test execution, and test closur...read more

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle and STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle.

• SDLC is a process used by software development teams to design, develop, and test high-quality software.

• STLC is a subset of SDLC focused specifically on the testing phase of the software development process.

• SDLC includes phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance.

• STLC includes phases like test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• Exam...read more

To swap two variables without using a third variable, use arithmetic operations.

• Use addition and subtraction to swap values

• Example: a = 5, b = 10. a = a + b (a = 15), b = a - b (b = 5), a = a - b (a = 10)

Implementing exception handling in Python code

• Use try-except block to catch and handle exceptions

• Raise custom exceptions using 'raise' keyword

• Use 'finally' block to execute code regardless of exception

• Handle specific exceptions using 'except' with specific exception type

Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class, while encapsulation restricts access to class members.

• Inheritance enables code reusability by allowing a subclass to inherit properties and methods from a superclass.

• Encapsulation hides the internal state of an object and only allows access through methods.

• Inheritance promotes code organization and reduces redundancy.

• Encapsulation helps in maintaining the integrity of data within an object.

• Examp...read more

Java is platform-independent, object-oriented, and uses automatic memory management, while C++ is platform-dependent, supports multiple paradigms, and requires manual memory management.

• Java is platform-independent, while C++ is platform-dependent.

• Java is object-oriented, while C++ supports multiple paradigms.

• Java uses automatic memory management (garbage collection), while C++ requires manual memory management.

• Java has a simpler syntax compared to C++.

• Java has a larger standa...read more

Regression testing is the process of testing changes made to a software application to ensure that existing functionality still works as intended.

• It is performed after making changes to the software

• It ensures that existing functionality is not affected by the changes

• It helps to catch any defects or bugs introduced by the changes

• It can be automated using testing tools

• Examples include retesting after bug fixes, testing after new features are added, and testing after software up...read more

Selenium automation code to find broken links on a webpage

• Use Selenium WebDriver to navigate to the webpage

• Find all the links on the webpage using findElements method

• Iterate through each link and check for response code using HttpURLConnection or HttpClient

• Identify links with response code other than 200 as broken links

SDLC phases include planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.

• Planning: Define project scope, goals, and requirements.

• Analysis: Gather and analyze user needs and system requirements.

• Design: Create a detailed design plan for the software.

• Implementation: Develop the software based on the design.

• Testing: Verify that the software meets requirements and is bug-free.

• Maintenance: Update and improve the software as needed.

Yes, I am comfortable with night shifts as I have previous experience working during those hours.

• Have previous experience working night shifts

• Understand the importance of maintaining focus and attention during non-traditional work hours

• Able to adjust sleep schedule accordingly to ensure optimal performance during night shifts

Control Plan is a document that outlines the steps to be taken to ensure quality standards are met.

• It is a written document that outlines the steps to be taken to ensure quality standards are met

• It is used in manufacturing to ensure consistent quality of products

• It includes details on the process, equipment, materials, and personnel involved in production

• It also includes details on how to monitor and control the process to ensure quality standards are met

• Examples of control p...read more

QA should start as early as possible in the software development life cycle.

• QA should be involved in the planning phase to ensure requirements are testable

• QA should review design documents to identify potential issues

• QA should start testing as soon as there is a build available

• QA should continue testing throughout the development process

• QA should perform regression testing after each change

• QA should be involved in the release process to ensure quality

• QA should provide feedbac...read more

Iterate through array to find second largest number

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the largest and second largest numbers

• Handle edge cases like duplicates or small array sizes

• Return the second largest number found

Agile methodology is a project management approach that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and incremental development.

• Iterative approach to software development

• Focus on customer collaboration and feedback

• Adaptability to changing requirements

• Cross-functional teams working in short cycles

• Regular meetings like daily stand-ups and retrospectives

• Examples: Scrum, Kanban, XP