100+ QA Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

To test a login page, I would verify the functionality of the login form and the security of the login process.

• Verify that the login form accepts valid credentials and rejects invalid ones

• Check for proper error messages when incorrect credentials are entered

• Test the 'forgot password' functionality

• Ensure that the login process is secure by checking for HTTPS protocol and proper encryption

• Test for session management and logout functionality

Five common exceptions in Java programming language

• NullPointerException - occurs when trying to access a method or property of a null object

• ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - occurs when trying to access an index outside the bounds of an array

• ArithmeticException - occurs when dividing by zero

• FileNotFoundException - occurs when trying to access a file that does not exist

• ClassCastException - occurs when trying to cast an object to a type that it is not

Automating dynamic location involves using relative locators and dynamic xpath to identify elements.

• Use relative locators to find elements based on their relationship to other elements

• Utilize dynamic xpath to locate elements that have changing attributes or values

• Implement wait strategies to handle dynamic loading of elements

Quality Assurance ensures that products meet high standards and customer expectations.

• Ensures product quality and reliability

• Identifies and fixes defects early in the development process

• Increases customer satisfaction and trust in the product

• Reduces risks and costs associated with product failures

OOPs is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code. Overriding is when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its parent class. Overloading is when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters.

• OOPs is a programming paradigm that uses objects to model real-world entities.

• Overriding occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already prov...read more

Objects are instances of classes in object-oriented programming. Classes define the properties and behaviors of objects.

• An example of a class is 'Car', which defines properties like color, make, and model, and behaviors like drive and stop.

• An object of the class 'Car' could be 'myCar' with properties 'red', 'Toyota', 'Camry' and behaviors 'drive()' and 'stop()'.

QA testing life cycle is a process of planning, designing, executing, and reporting on tests throughout the software development cycle.

• Requirement analysis

• Test planning

• Test case development

• Test environment setup

• Test execution

• Defect reporting and tracking

• Test closure

I switched to QA because of my passion for ensuring quality in products and improving user experience.

• Passion for ensuring quality in products

• Interest in improving user experience

• Opportunity to work with diverse technologies and platforms

Cycloid tooth profiling is a type of gear tooth profile that uses a curve called a cycloid. Involute tooth profile is a type of gear tooth profile that uses an involute curve.

• Cycloid tooth profiling is used in high-speed and high-load applications.

• Involute tooth profile is the most commonly used tooth profile in gears.

• Cycloid tooth profile has a smoother meshing action compared to involute tooth profile.

• Involute tooth profile has a constant gear ratio throughout the meshing p...read more

Performance testing tools are software applications used to measure the speed, stability, and scalability of a system under various workloads.

• Performance testing tools simulate real-world scenarios to identify bottlenecks and optimize system performance.

• Examples of performance testing tools include JMeter, LoadRunner, Gatling, and Apache Bench.

• These tools can measure response time, throughput, resource utilization, and other performance metrics.

• Performance testing tools can h...read more

RCA, 8D & 5 Why are problem-solving methodologies used in quality assurance.

• RCA stands for Root Cause Analysis and is used to identify the underlying cause of a problem.

• 8D is an eight-step problem-solving process used to address complex issues.

• 5 Why is a technique used to determine the root cause of a problem by asking 'why' five times.

An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and is used as a base class for other classes.

• An abstract class can have abstract methods that must be implemented by its derived classes.

• It can also have non-abstract methods that can be inherited by its derived classes.

• An abstract class is declared using the 'abstract' keyword.

• An abstract class can have constructors, but they cannot be used to create objects of the abstract class.

• Example: abstract class Shape { public...read more

Bug life cycle is the process of identifying, reporting, fixing, and verifying software defects.

• Bug is identified by testers during testing

• Bug is reported to developers

• Developers fix the bug and mark it as resolved

• Testers verify the fix and mark the bug as closed

• Bug may be reopened if the issue reoccurs

• Bug data is tracked in a bug tracking system

The main method in Java is the entry point for any Java application.

• Main method must be declared as public static void main(String[] args)

• It is the starting point for the execution of a Java program

• It is where the program begins its execution

WHERE clause is used in SQL to filter records based on a specified condition.

• Used in SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE statements

• Filters records based on specified condition

• Can use logical operators like AND, OR

• Example: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name = 'value'

Manual testing techniques are methods used to test software manually without the use of automation tools.

• Exploratory testing

• Ad-hoc testing

• Regression testing

• Usability testing

• Smoke testing

• Sanity testing

• Black box testing

• White box testing

• Boundary value analysis

• Equivalence partitioning

Lists allow duplicate elements and maintain insertion order, while sets do not allow duplicates and do not maintain order.

• Lists allow duplicate elements, sets do not

• Lists maintain insertion order, sets do not

• Lists are accessed by index, sets are accessed by value

Truncate removes all records from a table, while drop deletes the table itself.

• Truncate is a DDL command, while drop is a DDL command.

• Truncate is faster than drop as it does not log individual row deletions.

• Truncate can be rolled back, while drop cannot be rolled back.

• Truncate resets the identity seed of the table, while drop does not.

• Example: TRUNCATE TABLE TableName; DROP TABLE TableName;

Latent defect is a hidden flaw in a product that is not immediately apparent and can cause problems later.

• Latent defects are not visible during testing or inspection.

• They can cause problems after the product has been released to the market.

• Latent defects can be caused by design flaws, manufacturing errors, or other factors.

• Examples of latent defects include software bugs that only occur under certain conditions and structural weaknesses in buildings that are not apparent unti...read more

Functional Testing focuses on testing the functionality of the software, while Regression Testing ensures that new changes do not affect existing functionality.

• Functional Testing verifies that the software functions as expected based on the requirements.

• Regression Testing ensures that new code changes do not negatively impact existing functionality.

• Functional Testing is typically done before Regression Testing in the software development lifecycle.

• Examples of Functional Testi...read more

Bug life cycle consists of several stages from identification to resolution.

• 1. Bug Identification - Bug is identified by testers during testing.

• 2. Bug Logging - Tester logs the bug in a bug tracking tool like Jira.

• 3. Bug Prioritization - Bugs are prioritized based on severity and impact.

• 4. Bug Assignment - Bug is assigned to a developer to fix.

• 5. Bug Fixing - Developer fixes the bug and marks it as resolved.

• 6. Bug Verification - Tester verifies the bug fix.

• 7. Bug Closure - Bu...read more

Verification ensures the product is built according to specifications, while validation ensures it meets the customer's needs.

• Verification checks if the product meets the specified requirements

• Validation checks if the product meets the customer's needs

• Verification is done before validation

• Verification is a process of evaluating documents, design, code, and program

• Validation is a process of evaluating the final product

• Example: Verification checks if the software has all the re...read more

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle and STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle.

• SDLC is a process followed by software development teams to design, develop, test, and deploy software.

• STLC is a process followed by software testing teams to plan, design, execute, and report on software testing.

• SDLC includes phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance.

• STLC includes phases like test planning, test design, test execution, and test closur...read more

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle and STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle.

• SDLC is a process used by software development teams to design, develop, and test high-quality software.

• STLC is a subset of SDLC focused specifically on the testing phase of the software development process.

• SDLC includes phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance.

• STLC includes phases like test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• Exam...read more

To swap two variables without using a third variable, use arithmetic operations.

• Use addition and subtraction to swap values

• Example: a = 5, b = 10. a = a + b (a = 15), b = a - b (b = 5), a = a - b (a = 10)

Implementing exception handling in Python code

• Use try-except block to catch and handle exceptions

• Raise custom exceptions using 'raise' keyword

• Use 'finally' block to execute code regardless of exception

• Handle specific exceptions using 'except' with specific exception type

Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class, while encapsulation restricts access to class members.

• Inheritance enables code reusability by allowing a subclass to inherit properties and methods from a superclass.

• Encapsulation hides the internal state of an object and only allows access through methods.

• Inheritance promotes code organization and reduces redundancy.

• Encapsulation helps in maintaining the integrity of data within an object.

• Examp...read more

Java is platform-independent, object-oriented, and uses automatic memory management, while C++ is platform-dependent, supports multiple paradigms, and requires manual memory management.

• Java is platform-independent, while C++ is platform-dependent.

• Java is object-oriented, while C++ supports multiple paradigms.

• Java uses automatic memory management (garbage collection), while C++ requires manual memory management.

• Java has a simpler syntax compared to C++.

• Java has a larger standa...read more

Regression testing is the process of testing changes made to a software application to ensure that existing functionality still works as intended.

• It is performed after making changes to the software

• It ensures that existing functionality is not affected by the changes

• It helps to catch any defects or bugs introduced by the changes

• It can be automated using testing tools

• Examples include retesting after bug fixes, testing after new features are added, and testing after software up...read more

Selenium automation code to find broken links on a webpage

• Use Selenium WebDriver to navigate to the webpage

• Find all the links on the webpage using findElements method

• Iterate through each link and check for response code using HttpURLConnection or HttpClient

• Identify links with response code other than 200 as broken links

SDLC phases include planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.

• Planning: Define project scope, goals, and requirements.

• Analysis: Gather and analyze user needs and system requirements.

• Design: Create a detailed design plan for the software.

• Implementation: Develop the software based on the design.

• Testing: Verify that the software meets requirements and is bug-free.

• Maintenance: Update and improve the software as needed.

Yes, I am comfortable with night shifts as I have previous experience working during those hours.

• Have previous experience working night shifts

• Understand the importance of maintaining focus and attention during non-traditional work hours

• Able to adjust sleep schedule accordingly to ensure optimal performance during night shifts

Control Plan is a document that outlines the steps to be taken to ensure quality standards are met.

• It is a written document that outlines the steps to be taken to ensure quality standards are met

• It is used in manufacturing to ensure consistent quality of products

• It includes details on the process, equipment, materials, and personnel involved in production

• It also includes details on how to monitor and control the process to ensure quality standards are met

• Examples of control p...read more

QA should start as early as possible in the software development life cycle.

• QA should be involved in the planning phase to ensure requirements are testable

• QA should review design documents to identify potential issues

• QA should start testing as soon as there is a build available

• QA should continue testing throughout the development process

• QA should perform regression testing after each change

• QA should be involved in the release process to ensure quality

• QA should provide feedbac...read more

Iterate through array to find second largest number

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the largest and second largest numbers

• Handle edge cases like duplicates or small array sizes

• Return the second largest number found

Agile methodology is a project management approach that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and incremental development.

• Iterative approach to software development

• Focus on customer collaboration and feedback

• Adaptability to changing requirements

• Cross-functional teams working in short cycles

• Regular meetings like daily stand-ups and retrospectives

• Examples: Scrum, Kanban, XP

Waterfall model is a linear sequential software development process in which progress flows in one direction like a waterfall.

• It is a traditional approach to software development where each phase must be completed before the next phase begins.

• The phases include requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.

• Changes are difficult to implement once a phase is completed, as it follows a rigid structure.

• Example: A software project where the requirements are gather...read more

STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle, which consists of various stages for ensuring the quality of software.

• STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle

• It consists of stages like Requirement Analysis, Test Planning, Test Design, Test Execution, and Test Closure

• Each stage has specific objectives and deliverables

• Example: In Requirement Analysis, testers analyze the requirements and create test scenarios

I'm sorry, but I don't understand the question. Could you please rephrase it?

Query using JOINS in SQL

• Use JOIN keyword to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them

• Types of JOINs include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column

AWS is a cloud computing platform, Github is a web-based version control system, SAP is an enterprise resource planning software.

• AWS provides a wide range of cloud computing services such as storage, computing power, and databases.

• Github is used for version control and collaboration on software development projects.

• SAP is a software suite that helps manage business operations and customer relations.

• Examples of AWS services include EC2, S3, and RDS.

• Examples of Github features ...read more

APQP stands for Advanced Product Quality Planning, a framework used in manufacturing to ensure quality control throughout the product development process.

• APQP is a structured process that involves cross-functional teams working together to identify and mitigate potential quality issues before they occur.

• It includes five phases: planning and program definition, product design and development, process design and development, product and process validation, and launch, feedback,...read more

PFD stands for Process Flow Diagram, which is a visual representation of a process or system.

• PFDs are used in engineering and manufacturing to help understand and optimize processes.

• They typically include symbols and labels to represent equipment, materials, and flow paths.

• PFDs can also be used to identify potential hazards and safety concerns.

• Examples of industries that use PFDs include chemical processing, oil and gas, and food and beverage production.

SPC stands for Statistical Process Control, a method used to monitor and control a process to ensure it operates within specified limits.

• SPC involves collecting and analyzing data to identify and reduce variation in a process.

• It helps to identify when a process is out of control and needs corrective action.

• Examples of SPC tools include control charts, histograms, and Pareto charts.

• SPC is commonly used in manufacturing, but can be applied to any process that produces measurabl...read more

Sanity and Smoke are types of testing in software QA.

• Smoke testing is a quick test to check if the basic functionalities of the software are working or not.

• Sanity testing is a more thorough test to check if the new changes or fixes in the software have not affected the existing functionalities.

• Smoke testing is done before the actual testing begins, while sanity testing is done after the actual testing is completed.

• Smoke testing is a subset of regression testing, while sanity ...read more

Manual testing is the process of manually testing software for defects without the use of automation tools.

• Involves executing test cases manually without automation tools

• Requires human intervention to verify software functionality

• Involves exploratory testing to uncover defects

• Can be time-consuming but allows for flexibility and creativity in testing

• Examples: regression testing, ad-hoc testing, usability testing

Monkey testing is a random testing technique where the application is tested with random inputs to uncover unexpected bugs.

• Involves randomly clicking buttons, entering data, and performing other actions in the application

• Helps in uncovering bugs that may not be found with traditional testing methods

• Can be automated using tools like Selenium with random input generators