70+ Officer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Validation is the process of ensuring that a product or service meets the requirements and specifications of the customer.

• There are two types of validation: process validation and product validation.

• Process validation involves validating the manufacturing process itself, while product validation involves validating the final product.

• The content in process validation includes process design, process qualification, and continued process verification.

• Concurrent validation is a t...read more

The range of differential pressure in Powder processing area varies depending on the clean room classification.

• The differential pressure in a clean room for powder processing should be positive to prevent contamination from entering the room.

• The range of differential pressure for a clean room in PP area can be between 10-60 Pascals depending on the classification.

• The clean room classification for PP area can range from ISO 5 to ISO 8.

• The differential pressure should be monito...read more

Spectroscopy, organic naming reactions, and various spectroscopic techniques are important in chemistry.

• Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.

• Organic naming reactions involve the naming of organic compounds based on their functional groups and substituents.

• HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) is a technique used to separate and analyze components in a mixture.

• IR (Infrared) spectroscopy is used to identify functional...read more

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

• pH stands for 'potential of hydrogen'

• It is a logarithmic scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

• A pH value below 7 indicates acidity, while a value above 7 indicates alkalinity

• Pure water has a pH of 7, making it neutral

• Examples of pH values: lemon juice (pH 2), baking soda (pH 9), stomach acid (pH 1)

Nationalization of a bank refers to the process of transferring ownership and control of a bank from private to government.

• Nationalization involves the government taking over a bank and making it a state-owned institution.

• It typically involves the acquisition of a majority stake in the bank by the government.

• Nationalization can be done for various reasons, such as to stabilize the banking sector, promote economic growth, or ensure public control over financial institutions.

• Ex...read more

HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. It includes equipment like furnaces, air conditioners, and ventilation systems.

• HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning

• Types of equipment in HVAC include furnaces, air conditioners, heat pumps, ventilation systems, and ductwork

• HVAC systems are used to control temperature, humidity, and air quality in buildings

• Regular maintenance of HVAC equipment is important to ensure efficient operation

The number of process validation batches varies depending on the specific process and industry.

• The number of process validation batches is determined based on regulatory requirements and industry standards.

• Process validation batches are used to demonstrate that a manufacturing process consistently produces a product that meets predetermined quality specifications.

• The number of batches required for process validation can range from a few to several, depending on the complexity...read more

A series of questions related to pharmaceuticals and medical treatments.

• Tablet is a solid dosage form of medication that is compressed into a small, flat shape.

• Suspension is a liquid dosage form of medication that contains solid particles that are suspended in the liquid.

• Harness of tablet refers to the strength of the tablet, which is determined by the amount of active ingredient it contains.

• Sunpharma is a pharmaceutical company that produces a variety of medications, includi...read more

Extraction is the process of separating a desired substance from a mixture using solvents. Distillation is the process of separating components of a mixture based on their boiling points.

• Extraction involves dissolving a substance in a solvent to separate it from a mixture.

• Distillation involves heating a mixture to vaporize the component with the lowest boiling point, then condensing it to collect the pure substance.

• Both extraction and distillation are commonly used in chemist...read more

The number of samples taken from an octagonal blender is not provided.

• The question does not provide information about the number of samples taken.

• Without the available data, it is not possible to answer the question.

• Please provide the necessary information to answer the question.

Bank nationalization was done to ensure government control over banks and to promote social welfare.

• To prevent concentration of economic power in the hands of a few individuals

• To ensure credit flow to priority sectors like agriculture, small-scale industries, and exports

• To promote financial inclusion and provide banking services to the unbanked population

• To prevent bank failures and protect depositors' interests

• Examples include nationalization of 14 major banks in India in 19...read more

Tablets are solid dosage forms containing active pharmaceutical ingredients. Angel of repose is the maximum angle at which a pile of material remains stable. Rheology is the study of flow and deformation of matter. Capsules are solid dosage forms in which the drug is enclosed in a gelatin shell. Dissolution is the process by which a solid substance dissolves in a liquid. Disintegration is the process by which a solid dosage form breaks down into smaller particles. Friability ...read more

I maintain parameters such as temperature, pressure, speed, and time while using machines to ensure optimal performance and safety.

• Regularly monitor and adjust temperature settings to prevent overheating or freezing

• Check and maintain proper pressure levels to avoid leaks or malfunctions

• Control speed settings to ensure efficient operation and prevent damage

• Set appropriate time intervals for different processes to achieve desired results

• Follow manufacturer's guidelines and safe...read more

HEPA filters can be identified as choked by observing reduced airflow, increased noise, or visible dust accumulation.

• Reduced airflow through the filter

• Increased noise from the system

• Visible dust accumulation on the filter surface

The test in AHU validation is typically performed to ensure the proper functioning and efficiency of an air handling unit.

• Testing for airflow rates to ensure they meet design specifications

• Checking for proper temperature and humidity control

• Verifying the functionality of filters and dampers

• Testing for air leakage and pressure drops

• Ensuring compliance with relevant regulations and standards

Gas chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze volatile compounds in a mixture.

• The sample is vaporized and passed through a column filled with a stationary phase and a carrier gas.

• Different compounds interact differently with the stationary phase and are separated based on their retention time.

• The separated compounds are detected and identified based on their unique retention times.

• Gas chromatography is commonly used in forensic science, environmental analysis...read more

A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and provides loans and other financial services.

• A bank accepts deposits from individuals, businesses, and other entities.

• Banks provide loans to individuals and businesses for various purposes such as buying a house, starting a business, or financing education.

• Banks offer a range of financial services including checking and savings accounts, credit cards, investment services, and insurance products.

• Banks f...read more

Moisture content is the amount of water present in a substance. It is determined by the principle of drying and weighing.

• Moisture content is expressed as a percentage of the weight of the wet material.

• It is important to measure moisture content in industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, and construction.

• The principle of drying and weighing involves heating the substance to remove all the water and then weighing it to determine the amount of water present.

• Moisture content ca...read more

Maintain temperature and humidity by using appropriate HVAC systems and monitoring devices.

• Install HVAC systems to regulate temperature and humidity levels

• Use dehumidifiers or humidifiers as needed

• Regularly monitor temperature and humidity levels with sensors

• Ensure proper insulation to prevent heat loss or gain

• Implement proper ventilation to control humidity levels

• Consider using smart thermostats for automated control

In case a customer is missing, we would follow up with reminders and notifications to collect the EMI.

• Send reminder emails or messages to the customer

• Contact the customer via phone to remind about the pending EMI

• Offer alternative payment methods or rescheduling options

• Consider legal actions as a last resort if necessary

Molarity is the concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Normality is the concentration of a solution expressed as the number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution.

• Molarity is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters.

• Normality is calculated by multiplying the molarity of the solution by the number of equivalents per mole of solute.

• Molarity is commonly used in chem...read more

The number of dry mix samples taken from RMG

• The number of dry mix samples taken from RMG may vary depending on the specific process and requirements.

• Typically, multiple dry mix samples are taken from RMG to ensure representative sampling.

• The number of samples may be determined based on statistical considerations or regulatory guidelines.

• For example, in a pharmaceutical manufacturing setting, three dry mix samples may be taken from RMG for testing and analysis.

Emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible liquids, where one is dispersed in the other as small droplets.

• Emulsion is a type of colloid.

• It is formed by mixing two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water.

• The liquid that is dispersed in the other is called the dispersed phase, while the liquid in which it is dispersed is called the continuous phase.

• Examples of emulsions include milk, mayonnaise, and paint.

• Flocculated emulsions have larger droplets that are more easily separated,...read more

Repo rate is the rate at which the central bank lends money to commercial banks, while reverse repo rate is the rate at which commercial banks can park their excess funds with the central bank.

• Repo rate is used by the central bank to control inflation and liquidity in the economy.

• Reverse repo rate is used by the central bank to absorb excess liquidity from the market.

• Repo rate is higher than reverse repo rate.

• Example: If the repo rate is 5% and the reverse repo rate is 4%, it...read more

UV visible refers to the measurement of light absorption and transmission in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

• UV visible spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the concentration of a substance in a sample by measuring the amount of light absorbed or transmitted by the sample.

• It is based on the principle that molecules absorb light at specific wavelengths, which can be used to identify and quantify the substance.

• UV visible spectroscopy...read more

Pharmacopoeia is a book containing directions for the identification of compound medicines and published by a recognized authority.

• Pharmacopoeia is a book that contains information on the preparation and standardization of drugs and medicinal products.

• It provides guidelines on the quality and purity of pharmaceutical substances.

• The latest version of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) is USP 44, published in 2021.

• Other well-known pharmacopoeias include the British Pharmacopo...read more

FT-IR stands for Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. It is a technique used to analyze the chemical composition of a sample.

• FT-IR measures the absorption or transmission of infrared light by a sample.

• It can be used to identify functional groups in organic compounds.

• FT-IR is commonly used in forensic science, pharmaceuticals, and materials science.

• The principle behind FT-IR is based on the fact that different chemical bonds absorb infrared radiation at different frequenci...read more

HPLC stands for High Performance Liquid Chromatography. It is a technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture.

• HPLC uses a liquid mobile phase and a solid stationary phase to separate components based on their chemical properties.

• The principle behind HPLC is that different components in a mixture will interact differently with the stationary phase, causing them to elute at different times.

• HPLC is commonly used in pharmaceuticals, food and beverage,...read more

The banks were nationalized by the government.

• Banks were nationalized by various governments around the world.

• Nationalization of banks refers to the process of transferring private banks into public ownership.

• This is often done to ensure stability in the financial system and to promote economic growth.

• Examples of countries that nationalized banks include India, France, and Argentina.

Banks were nationalized in India in two phases - 1969 and 1980.

• The first phase of nationalization took place on July 19, 1969, when 14 banks were nationalized.

• The second phase of nationalization took place on April 15, 1980, when 6 more banks were nationalized.

• The nationalization was aimed at bringing about social welfare and economic development.

• The nationalized banks were given the mandate to provide banking services to all sections of society, especially the poor and margi...read more

Ensuring best quality of medicine requires strict adherence to quality control measures and regulations.

• Implementing Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) to ensure consistent quality

• Regularly testing raw materials and finished products for purity and potency

• Following strict protocols for storage and transportation of medicines

• Conducting regular audits and inspections to identify and address any quality issues

• Adhering to regulatory guidelines and standards set by governing bodie...read more

I have 5 years of banking experience, including roles in customer service and loan processing.

• 5 years of banking experience

• Roles in customer service and loan processing

• Familiarity with banking products and services

• Knowledge of financial regulations and compliance

• Experience in handling customer inquiries and resolving issues

• Proficient in using banking software and systems

Lambert Beer Law is a formula used to calculate the absorption of light by a substance.

• It states that the absorbance of a substance is directly proportional to its concentration and the path length of the light through the substance.

• It is commonly used in chemistry and spectroscopy to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution.

• The law can be expressed as A = εcl, where A is the absorbance, ε is the molar absorptivity, c is the concentration, and l is the path le...read more

Process validation is the documented evidence that a process consistently produces a product that meets predetermined specifications and quality attributes.

• Process validation is a systematic approach to ensure that a manufacturing process consistently produces a product of desired quality.

• It involves establishing documented evidence that the process is capable of consistently meeting predetermined specifications and quality attributes.

• Process validation typically includes thr...read more

Process validation ensures that a manufacturing process consistently produces a product that meets quality standards.

• Process validation verifies that all critical process parameters are controlled within specified limits.

• It ensures that the process is capable of consistently producing products that meet predetermined quality attributes.

• Process validation helps identify and mitigate potential risks or failures in the manufacturing process.

• It provides evidence that the manufact...read more

Toe in and toe out are terms used in wheel alignment to describe the angle at which the wheels are set relative to each other.

• Toe in refers to when the front edges of the wheels are closer together than the rear edges.

• Toe out refers to when the front edges of the wheels are farther apart than the rear edges.

• Proper toe alignment is important for vehicle stability, tire wear, and steering response.

• Incorrect toe alignment can lead to uneven tire wear and poor handling.

• Toe adjust...read more

The coolant used in AC systems is typically a refrigerant called R-134a.

• The most common coolant used in AC systems is R-134a

• R-134a is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant

• Other refrigerants like R-410A and R-22 were used in the past but are being phased out due to environmental concerns

Nitrogen plants separate nitrogen from air to produce high-purity nitrogen gas for various industrial applications.

• Nitrogen plants use a process called cryogenic distillation to separate nitrogen from air.

• Air is compressed and cooled to very low temperatures to liquefy it.

• The liquid air is then distilled to separate nitrogen from other gases like oxygen and argon.

• The nitrogen gas is collected and purified to achieve the desired purity level.

• High-purity nitrogen gas is then st...read more

There are several types of chromatography used in various fields of science.

• There are at least 9 types of chromatography, including gas, liquid, ion exchange, size exclusion, affinity, chiral, paper, thin-layer, and supercritical fluid chromatography.

• Gas chromatography separates volatile compounds based on their boiling points and vapor pressures.

• Liquid chromatography separates non-volatile compounds based on their polarity and solubility.

• Ion exchange chromatography separates...read more

IC engines are internal combustion engines that rely on the combustion of fuel inside the engine to generate power, while spark engines specifically use spark plugs to ignite the fuel mixture.

• IC engines rely on the combustion of fuel inside the engine to generate power

• Spark engines use spark plugs to ignite the fuel mixture

• IC engines are commonly found in cars, motorcycles, and other vehicles

• Spark engines are often used in gasoline-powered vehicles

3X sampling plan is a statistical method used to determine the sample size for quality control inspections.

• 3X sampling plan is based on the concept of acceptance sampling.

• It involves randomly selecting a sample of items from a larger population for inspection.

• The sample size is determined based on the desired level of confidence and the acceptable level of quality.

• The plan specifies the number of items to be inspected and the criteria for accepting or rejecting the lot.

• For ex...read more

Bond is a financial instrument used to raise capital for companies or governments.

• Bonds are essentially loans that investors give to the issuer, who promises to pay back the principal plus interest over a set period of time.

• Bonds can be traded on the secondary market, and their value can fluctuate based on factors such as interest rates and the creditworthiness of the issuer.

• Examples of bond issuers include corporations, municipalities, and national governments.

• Bonds are ofte...read more

A debenture is a type of debt instrument that is not secured by physical assets or collateral.

• Debentures are issued by companies or governments to raise capital.

• They are essentially a promise to repay the borrowed amount with interest.

• Unlike secured bonds, debentures do not have any collateral backing them up.

• Debentures can be either convertible or non-convertible.

• Convertible debentures can be converted into equity shares of the issuing company.

• Non-convertible debentures cann...read more

I work in the CNC machine section where we operate computer-controlled machines to produce precision parts.

• I work in the CNC machine section

• We operate computer-controlled machines

• Our goal is to produce precision parts

cGMP stands for current Good Manufacturing Practices. USFDA is the United States Food and Drug Administration.

• cGMP is a set of regulations enforced by regulatory agencies to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of pharmaceutical products.

• USFDA is the regulatory body in the United States responsible for protecting public health by ensuring the safety and efficacy of drugs, medical devices, food, and other products.

• Compliance with cGMP regulations is mandatory for pharmaceu...read more

The owner of Tata company is Ratan Tata, a prominent Indian businessman and philanthropist.

• Ratan Tata is the former chairman of Tata Sons, the holding company of the Tata Group.

• He is known for his leadership in expanding the Tata Group globally and for his philanthropic efforts.

• Ratan Tata is also involved in various social initiatives and has received numerous awards for his contributions.

• Under his leadership, Tata Group acquired Jaguar Land Rover and Tetley, among other majo...read more

Density is the measure of mass per unit volume of a substance.

• Density is calculated by dividing the mass of a substance by its volume.

• It is a physical property that can be used to identify substances.

• The density of a substance can change with temperature and pressure.

• Water has a density of 1 gram per cubic centimeter.

• The density of air is much lower than the density of water.